CN112655486A - Efficient planting method for green and safe Roman lettuce - Google Patents
Efficient planting method for green and safe Roman lettuce Download PDFInfo
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- CN112655486A CN112655486A CN202011442835.4A CN202011442835A CN112655486A CN 112655486 A CN112655486 A CN 112655486A CN 202011442835 A CN202011442835 A CN 202011442835A CN 112655486 A CN112655486 A CN 112655486A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and discloses a high-efficiency planting method of green and safe Roman lettuce, which specifically comprises the following steps: step one, soil treatment: applying 2 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer before field planting, uniformly scattering the organic fertilizer on the surface of soil, then scattering bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and bacillus licheniformis microbial agents on the surface of the soil, using a turning device to turn the soil which is scattered with the organic fertilizer and combines the bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto, bacillus licheniformis and other microbial agents, preparing land after turning, and airing for later use. The efficient planting method of green and safe Roman lettuce shortens the maturing time of the lettuce, so that the planting efficiency of the lettuce is improved, the planting cost is reduced, all agents used for pest control are natural biological pesticides, chemical agents are not used, pesticide residues are avoided, and the quality and the safety of the lettuce are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a high-efficiency planting method of green and safe Roman lettuce.
Background
Lettuce is commonly known as leaf lettuce and belongs to the genus Lactuca of Compositae. The vegetable is a common edible vegetable, is also a popular vegetable of Europe and America, is deeply loved by people, is native to lettuce, is cultivated along the coast of the European Mediterranean region and is domesticated by wild species. The Roman lettuce is one kind of lettuce, is similar to Chinese nodulized lettuce, and is fresh and cool in texture. The food method of Roman lettuce is similar to that of nodulized lettuce, and the Roman lettuce can be directly cleaned and mixed with water, but the Roman lettuce is not suitable for stir-frying, stewing and making soup.
Roman lettuce is a leaf vegetable which is good for water, fertilizer, cold and cool, in the lettuce planting process, more growers use the idea of large water, large fertilizer and high nitrogen for management, and chemical pesticides are used for pest control, so that the harvested lettuce has poor quality, insufficient flavor, pesticide residue and higher cost, the ripening time is 50-60 days, and the ripening time is longer.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the efficient planting method of the green and safe Roman lettuce, which has the advantages of shortening the maturing time, avoiding pesticide residues and the like, and solves the problems of long maturing time and pesticide residues of the Roman lettuce in the prior art.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-efficiency planting method of green and safe Roman lettuce specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, soil treatment: applying 2 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer before field planting, uniformly scattering the organic fertilizer on the surface of soil, then scattering bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and bacillus licheniformis microbial agents on the surface of the soil, using a turning device to turn over the soil in which the organic fertilizer is scattered and the microbial agents such as the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus natto and the bacillus licheniformis are combined, preparing land after turning, and airing for later use;
step two, seedling culture: selecting excellent lettuce seeds, disinfecting the seeds before sowing, placing the lettuce seeds in a container, then soaking the seeds with a pyroligneous acid bactericide extracted from a plant source for disinfection, drying the clear water with a water-absorbing paper towel after soaking and disinfection for 3 hours, placing the lettuce seeds in a humid environment for accelerated germination after drying the clear water, sowing the lettuce seeds in a disinfected and sterilized matrix after exposing white, controlling the depth within 0.5 cm, paying attention to shading, and replenishing water and fertilizer in time;
step three, field planting: selecting healthy lettuce seedlings for field planting, wherein the planting density of the lettuce seedlings is 6000 granules/mu, the plant spacing is 25-30 cm, 4 rows are planted in each ridge, the field planting time is carried out when the sun is weak in the afternoon and the temperature is low, a silver black mulching film is paved before the field planting, then the hole punching and the field planting are carried out according to the row spacing, the field planting depth and the leveling of matrix soil and the ground are proper, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after the field planting is finished;
step four, managing temperature and fertilizer water: lettuce is cool and pleased, the fertilizer demand is high, daily water and fertilizer management is carried out once per 7-10 days for fertilizer supplement, the fertilizer is a balanced water soluble fertilizer, the concentration is controlled to be 0.2%, the water amount is 3 tons of water per mu of land each time, a foliar fertilizer is applied regularly, and water is supplemented for 1-2 times during two times of fertilizer application according to the weather and the soil humidity, and the water is supplemented for about 2 tons each time;
step five, pest control: sterilizing the greenhouse before field planting, hanging an insect-proof net, diluting 800 times of plant source insecticide containing 93% d-limonene by 600 times for preventing and treating insect pests during planting, diluting 800 times of plant source insecticide containing allicin and pyroligneous liquid by 500 times for preventing and treating diseases, and spraying once every 7-10 days. All the medicaments are natural biological pesticides, and no chemical medicament or pesticide residue is used.
Step six, harvesting: the growth cycle of lettuce is 45-50 days, watering and fertilizing are stopped 3-4 days before harvesting, and the temperature is controlled at 8-25 deg.C in daytime and 4-18 deg.C at night.
Preferably, the width of the ridge in the first step is 80-100 cm, and the depth of the furrow is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the wood vinegar bactericide in the second step is diluted with water at a ratio of 1: 300.
Preferably, the specific component ratio of the matrix in the second step is as follows: grass carbon: vermiculite: the proportion of perlite is 3: 1: 1.
preferably, the lettuce seedling raising time is 20-40 days, and preferably 2-3 new leaves are planted.
Preferably, foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, enzyme amino acid, chitin, humic acid, medium trace elements and other nutrient components is used for foliar fertilization.
Preferably, the fertilizing method in the fourth step comprises the following steps: 4 jin of fertilizer is dissolved in 1 ton of water, 1 ton of water is used for wetting the soil before fertilization, and 1 ton of water is used for flushing the drip irrigation pipeline after fertilization.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the efficient planting method of the green and safe Roman lettuce, and the method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the efficient planting method of the green and safe Roman lettuce, through the steps of the first step, the second step, the third step, the fourth step, the fifth step and the sixth step, the method can be used for scientifically breeding and planting the lettuce, scientifically managing the growth of the lettuce and shortening the maturation time of the lettuce, so that the planting efficiency of the lettuce is improved, the planting cost is reduced, all medicaments used for pest control are natural biological pesticides, chemical medicaments are not used, pesticide residues are avoided, and the quality and the safety of the lettuce are effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A high-efficiency planting method of green and safe Roman lettuce specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, soil treatment: applying 2 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer before field planting, uniformly scattering the organic fertilizer on the surface of soil, then scattering bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and bacillus licheniformis microbial agents to the surface of the soil, wherein the bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and bacillus licheniformis microbial agents can improve the fertility of the soil, improve the growth speed of lettuce seedlings and shorten the growth cycle of lettuce;
step two, seedling culture: selecting excellent lettuce seeds which need to be disinfected before sowing, wherein a plurality of plant diseases and insect pests of vegetables are transmitted by carrying bacteria through the seeds, the direct germination of the lettuce seeds can cause the plant diseases and insect pests of the lettuce seedlings to affect the normal growth of the lettuce, so that the seeds need to be disinfected, the lettuce seeds are placed in a container, then the plant source extracted pyroligneous liquor bactericide is used for soaking and disinfecting, the clear water is absorbed by a water absorption paper towel after 3 hours of soaking and disinfecting, the lettuce seeds are placed in a humid environment for accelerating germination after absorbing the clear water, the lettuce seeds are sowed in a disinfected and sterilized matrix after exposing white, the depth is controlled within 0.5 cm, the water is supplemented, the shading is noticed, and the fertilizer is supplemented in time;
step three, field planting: selecting healthy lettuce seedlings for field planting, wherein the planting density of the lettuce seedlings is 6000 granules/mu, the inter-plant distance is 25-30 cm, 4 rows are planted in each ridge, the field planting time is carried out when the sun is weak and the temperature is low in the afternoon, the lettuce seedlings are prevented from being dehydrated and dead after being directly irradiated by sunlight, a silver black mulching film is laid before the field planting, weeds are prevented, the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention are achieved, then the hole punching and the field planting are carried out according to the inter-line distance, the field planting depth and the matrix soil are flush with the ground, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after the field planting is finished;
step four, managing temperature and fertilizer water: lettuce is cool and pleased, the fertilizer demand is high, daily water and fertilizer management is carried out once per 7-10 days for fertilizer supplement, the fertilizer is a balanced water soluble fertilizer, the concentration is controlled to be 0.2%, the water amount is 3 tons of water per mu of land each time, a foliar fertilizer is applied regularly, and water is supplemented for 1-2 times during two times of fertilizer application according to the weather and the soil humidity, and the water is supplemented for about 2 tons each time;
step five, pest control: sterilizing the greenhouse before field planting, hanging an insect-proof net, diluting 800 times of plant source insecticide containing 93% d-limonene by 600 times for preventing and treating insect pests during planting, diluting 800 times of plant source bactericide containing allicin and pyroligneous liquid by 500 times for preventing and treating diseases, and spraying once every 7-10 days, wherein all medicaments are natural biological pesticides, chemical medicaments are not used, and no pesticide residue exists.
Step six, harvesting: the growth cycle of the lettuce is 45-50 days, watering and fertilizing are stopped 3-4 days before harvesting, harvesting is facilitated, the temperature is controlled to be 8-25 ℃ in the daytime, and 4-18 ℃ at night through the steps of the first step, the second step, the third step, the fourth step, the fifth step and the sixth step.
The width of the ridge in the first step is 80-100 cm, and the depth of the furrow is 5-10 cm.
And diluting the pyroligneous liquor bactericide in the step two with water at a ratio of 1:300, wherein the high-concentration pyroligneous liquor bactericide easily causes inactivation of the lettuce seeds, so that the germination rate of the lettuce seeds is reduced, and the death of the lettuce seeds caused by overhigh concentration of the pyroligneous liquor bactericide is avoided.
The specific component ratio of the matrix in the second step is as follows: grass carbon: vermiculite: the proportion of perlite is 3: 1: 1.
the lettuce seedling raising time is 20-40 days, the survival rate of the lettuce seedlings in 20-40 days is higher, and 2-3 new leaves are suitable for field planting, so that the survival rate of the lettuce seedlings is improved.
The foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, ferment amino acid, chitin, humic acid, medium trace elements and other nutritional ingredients is used for foliar fertilizer application, and the trace elements of the foliar fertilizer containing nitrogen, ferment amino acid, chitin, humic acid, medium trace elements and other nutritional ingredients are sufficient, so that the nutritional ingredients required by lettuce growth can be met, and the quality of lettuce can be improved.
The fertilizing method in the fourth step comprises the following steps: 4 jin of fertilizer is dissolved in 1 ton of water, 1 ton of water is used for wetting the soil before fertilization, and 1 ton of water is used for flushing a drip irrigation pipeline after fertilization, so that the fertilizer absorption rate of the lettuce is improved, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
In summary, the green safe Roman lettuce high-efficiency planting method comprises the steps of first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth, lettuce seedling and planting management is carried out through the method, scientific breeding and planting can be carried out on lettuce, scientific management can be carried out on the growth of the lettuce, the maturation time of the lettuce is shortened, the planting efficiency of the lettuce is improved, the planting cost is reduced, chemical fertilizers and toxic chemical agents are not used in the whole process, all the agents are natural biological pesticides, the method is safe and non-toxic, all the agents used for pest control are natural biological pesticides, chemical agents are not used, pesticide residues are not left, the quality and the safety of the lettuce are effectively improved, the concentration of the fertilizers and the watering amount are accurately controlled, scientific management is carried out, the quality and the high safety standard of the lettuce are guaranteed while the quick growth of the lettuce is guaranteed, the weight of the single lettuce harvested finally is 500-650 g, and the yield per mu can reach 7000 jin according to the density of about 6000 lettuce/mu.
It should be noted that the term "comprises/comprising" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated elements, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, but does not exclude the presence or addition of other elements, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The efficient planting method of the green and safe Roman lettuce is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, soil treatment: applying 2 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer before field planting, uniformly scattering the organic fertilizer on the surface of soil, then scattering bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and bacillus licheniformis microbial agents on the surface of the soil, using a turning device to turn over the soil in which the organic fertilizer is scattered and the microbial agents such as the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus natto and the bacillus licheniformis are combined, preparing land after turning, and airing for later use;
step two, seedling culture: selecting excellent lettuce seeds, disinfecting the lettuce seeds before sowing, placing the lettuce seeds in a container, then soaking and disinfecting by using a pyroligneous bactericide extracted from a plant source, absorbing clear water by using a water-absorbing paper towel after 3 hours of soaking and disinfecting, placing the lettuce seeds in a humid environment for accelerating germination after absorbing the clear water, sowing the lettuce seeds in a disinfected and sterilized matrix after exposing white, controlling the depth within 0.5 cm, paying attention to shading, and supplementing water and fertilizer in time;
step three, field planting: selecting healthy lettuce seedlings for field planting, wherein the planting density of the lettuce seedlings is 6000 granules/mu, the plant spacing is 25-30 cm, 4 rows are planted in each ridge, the field planting time is carried out when the sun is weak in the afternoon and the temperature is low, a silver black mulching film is paved before the field planting, then the hole punching and the field planting are carried out according to the row spacing, the field planting depth and the leveling of matrix soil and the ground are proper, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after the field planting is finished;
step four, managing temperature and fertilizer water: lettuce is cool and pleased, the fertilizer demand is high, daily water and fertilizer management is carried out once per 7-10 days for fertilizer supplement, the fertilizer is a balanced water soluble fertilizer, the concentration is controlled to be 0.2%, the water amount is 3 tons of water per mu of land each time, a foliar fertilizer is applied regularly, and water is supplemented for 1-2 times during two times of fertilizer application according to the weather and the soil humidity, and the water is supplemented for about 2 tons each time;
step five, pest control: sterilizing the greenhouse before field planting, hanging an insect-proof net, diluting 800 times of plant source insecticide containing 93% d-limonene by 600 times for preventing and treating insect pests during planting, diluting 800 times of plant source insecticide containing allicin and pyroligneous liquid by 500 times for preventing and treating diseases, and spraying once every 7-10 days. All the medicaments are natural biological pesticides, and no chemical medicament or pesticide residue is used.
Step six, harvesting: the growth cycle of lettuce is 45-50 days, watering and fertilizing are stopped 3-4 days before harvesting, and the temperature is controlled at 8-25 deg.C in daytime and 4-18 deg.C at night.
2. The efficient planting method of green safe roma lettuce according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the width of the ridge in the first step is 80-100 cm, and the depth of the furrow is 5-10 cm.
3. The efficient planting method of green safe roma lettuce according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: and diluting the wood vinegar bactericide in the second step with water at a ratio of 1: 300.
4. The efficient planting method of green safe roma lettuce according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the substrate in the second step comprises the following specific components in proportion: grass carbon: vermiculite: the proportion of perlite is 3: 1: 1.
5. the efficient planting method of green safe roma lettuce according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the lettuce seedling culture time is 20-40 days, and preferably 2-3 new leaves are planted.
6. The efficient planting method of green safe roma lettuce according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the foliar fertilizer contains nitrogen, ferment amino acid, chitin, humic acid, medium trace elements and other nutrient components.
7. The efficient planting method of green safe roma lettuce according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the fertilizing method in the fourth step comprises the following steps: 4 jin of fertilizer is dissolved in 1 ton of water, 1 ton of water is used for wetting the soil before fertilization, and 1 ton of water is used for flushing the drip irrigation pipeline after fertilization.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113303184A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-27 | 四川蜀耕农业开发有限公司 | Biological prevention and control method for diseases of figwort planting soil |
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| CN106386109A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 马山盛世生态种养专业合作社 | Method for planting pollution-free selenium-rich lettuce |
| CN107493925A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 赵宏耀 | A kind of implantation methods of romaine lettuce |
| CN111201964A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-05-29 | 南充市鱼之道农业开发有限公司 | Cultivation method of lettuce |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113303184A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-27 | 四川蜀耕农业开发有限公司 | Biological prevention and control method for diseases of figwort planting soil |
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Application publication date: 20210416 |