CN107278409B - Planting and cultivating technology for building garden and interplanting cherry seedlings for dwarf virus-free large cherry - Google Patents

Planting and cultivating technology for building garden and interplanting cherry seedlings for dwarf virus-free large cherry Download PDF

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CN107278409B
CN107278409B CN201710717115.6A CN201710717115A CN107278409B CN 107278409 B CN107278409 B CN 107278409B CN 201710717115 A CN201710717115 A CN 201710717115A CN 107278409 B CN107278409 B CN 107278409B
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seedlings
cherry
planting
garden
interplanting
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CN107278409A (en
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白智勇
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Shaanxi Dawei Jinmiao Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract

The cherry seedlings are interplanted in the dwarf virus-free large cherry young cherry orchard, the land area, space, illumination, water and fertilizer resources of the young cherry orchard can be fully utilized to cultivate cherry seedlings with small quantity, the problem that fruit growers do not have income in the previous years after the orchard is built is solved, considerable income is guaranteed in the orchard building period, the economic benefit of the fruit growers in the initial stage of large cherry orchard building is improved, the weed growth in the large cherry orchard can be effectively restrained, the artificial management and remediation are reduced, and the management cost is reduced.

Description

Planting and cultivating technology for building garden and interplanting cherry seedlings for dwarf virus-free large cherry
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting and cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting and cultivation technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding.
Background
Cherries are the world recognized fruit of the king and life of natural VC. Cherry fruits are bright in color, glittering and translucent, and rich in nutrition, and the fruits are rich in sugar, protein, vitamins, calcium, iron, phosphorus, potassium and other mineral trace elements, particularly high in iron content, have the effects of resisting anemia, dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, beautifying and the like, are deeply loved by people, and become a common fruit of people at present. With the rapid development of the country, the area of newly planted cherry saplings is gradually enlarged, the cherry saplings can blossom and bear fruits only within three or four years after field planting, and within the period of several years, as the individual size of large cherry trees is small, the planting density is low, the land utilization rate is low, weeds grow fast, a large amount of warm and light resources and land resources are wasted, and the management cost of cherry field planting trees is high, so that fruit growers bear a large economic burden and are not beneficial to improving the income level of the fruit growers. The cherry seedling breeding and cultivation also needs to have special land area to cultivate the cherry seedling, and when the garden is expanded, the seedling needs to be purchased specially, so that the garden expansion cultivation cost is high. There is therefore a need for improvements.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the invention provides a planting and cultivating technology for establishing a dwarfing virus-free large cherry orchard and interplanting cherry seedling breeding, which interplanting cherry seedlings at the initial stage of establishing the dwarfing virus-free large cherry orchard, not only realizes the orchard establishment of cherry field planting, but also can fully utilize land resources to plant the seedlings, not only can provide enough cherry seedlings for garden expansion, reduce the orchard establishment cost, improve the economic benefit of fruit growers, but also can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds in the large cherry orchard, and avoid waste.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a planting and cultivating technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: land selection
Selecting a garden with field planting for 1-3 years, wherein the row spacing is 2-3 meters, the row spacing is 3-4 meters, and 56-111 young cherry gardens are planted per mu;
step two: soil preparation and fertilization
Deeply ploughing 55-70 cm of garden land in 11-12 months in winter for the selected young cherry orchard in the first step, then applying 2600-2800 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of garden land in middle and late 2 months in the next spring, ploughing 40-45 cm, irrigating dilute manure water to the garden land according to 7-8 kg per square meter 4-5 days before transplanting cherry seedlings, and ploughing 25-30 cm;
step three: treatment of young seedlings
Selecting cherry seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests from more than half year old plants as seedlings, before transplanting, cutting off Patrinia scabiosaefolia on the cherry seedlings by using sterilized scissors, treating cut openings by using a disinfectant and coating a wound protective agent, taking out the cherry seedlings together with soil around the seedlings when lifting the seedlings, and well protecting the root systems of the seedlings;
step four: determining the row spacing of seedlings and transplanting the seedlings
And (3) for the young cherry orchard prepared in the second step, planting holes are made on the garden one day before cherry seedlings are transplanted, and the planting holes are made according to the following specifications: making ridges with the width of 50-80cm and the height of 30-35cm between two adjacent fixed plants in each row, making ridges with the width of 50-80cm and the height of 30-35cm between two adjacent rows of fixed plants according to the row spacing of 0.8-1m, making planting holes with the diameter of 25-30cm and the depth of 25-30cm on each ridge according to the plant spacing of 30-35cm, and sterilizing the planting holes, wherein the distance between the two adjacent fixed plants and the nearest planting hole of the original fixed plant is 50-60cm, and the distance between the two adjacent rows of fixed plants and the nearest planting hole of the original fixed plant is 1-1.2 m; then applying organic fertilizer in the planting holes, then covering a layer of garden soil, wherein the thickness of the organic fertilizer and the garden soil is less than 20cm, placing the cherry seedlings processed in the third step into the planting holes, covering soil around the seedlings to form mounds, then compacting, and then watering thoroughly;
step five: the management after the transplantation is carried out,
after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, intertillage weeding is carried out, the work of sun screening, watering and fertilizing in dry seasons is carried out immediately, and meanwhile, the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out in rainy seasons.
Further, in the second step, the livestock manure from the ring is stacked layer by layer in the manure accumulation field, the manure stack is compacted while stacking, the height of the manure stack is 1.5-2m, the manure stack is sealed by soil after stacking is finished, the temperature is kept at 15-35 ℃, and the decomposed manure is formed after 5-6 months.
Further, the dilute liquid dung in the step two is human and animal liquid dung with the water content of 80-83%.
Further, the disinfectant in the third step is 1-2% of copper sulfate solution.
Further, the wound protective agent in the third step is prepared by mixing 6 parts of rosin, 2 parts of alcohol, 2 parts of animal oil and 1 part of turpentine.
Further, the disinfection treatment of the planting holes in the fourth step is to spray potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2% to disinfect the planting holes.
Further, when the seedlings are transplanted in the fourth step, one hand is used for straightening the seedlings, the other hand is used for filling the planting holes with the soil covering matrix beside the planting holes, when the soil covering matrix is filled to be 10-15cm thick and the roots of the seedlings are not exposed, the seedlings are lifted slightly, and then the soil covering matrix is filled continuously and is treaded.
Furthermore, the sun protection in the fifth step is to adopt a shade and a wet curtain to reduce the temperature when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃ so as to prevent insolation.
Further, the fertilization in the fifth step is to apply the biogas manure to the seedlings once every 10-15 days within 1-2 months after transplanting, and apply the biogas manure once every 20-25 days within 3 months later.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the scheme, the cherry seedlings are intercropped at the initial stage of establishing the dwarf virus-free large cherry orchard on the premise of not influencing the growth of the tree bodies of the dwarf virus-free large cherry trees, so that the land area, the space, the illumination, the water and fertilizer resources of the young cherry orchard can be fully utilized, the cherry seedlings with small quantity can be cultivated, the problem that no income exists in the first three years after farmers establish the orchard is solved, considerable income exists in the former three years of orchard establishment period, the economic benefit of farmers at the initial stage of establishing the large cherry orchard is improved, the weed growth in the large cherry orchard can be effectively restrained, the manual management and improvement are reduced, and the management cost is reduced;
2. according to the scheme, cherry seedlings are planted in the dwarf virus-free large cherry orchard, so that seedlings can be provided for the own orchard expansion, the orchard construction cost is reduced, the seedlings can be sold outside, and the economic benefit of fruit growers is improved;
3. in the scheme, in a cherry field planting garden, the closest distance between each two adjacent cherry trees in each row and an original planted tree is specified, and the closest distance between each two adjacent rows of planted trees and the original planted tree is specified, so that the growth of seedlings can be ensured not to influence the growth of original plants; carry out soil preparation earlier stage in this scheme and fertilize to the field planting garden, disinfect seedling and transplanting matrix, combine the scientific comprehensive measures in aspects such as irrigation, weeding, fertilization and disease and pest control after planting simultaneously for cherry seedling creates good growth condition, makes the seedling grow well, improves the survival rate, and can effectively guarantee the growth of former tree planting, easy operation can guarantee the quality of transplanting, improves the whole economic benefits who plants cherry.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described below.
A planting and cultivating technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: land selection
Selecting a field planted with the cherry orchard for 1-3 years, wherein the row spacing is 2-3 meters, the row spacing is 3-4 meters, and 56-111 young cherry gardens are planted per mu. In the implementation, a young cherry orchard with row spacing of 3 meters and plant spacing of 2 meters and 111 plants per mu is selected.
Step two: soil preparation and fertilization
Pre-treatment of planting is carried out on the selected young cherry orchard in the first step, firstly, deep ploughing is carried out on the garden land for 55-70 cm in 11-12 months in the first winter, and then, 2600-2800 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of garden land in the middle and late 2 months in the next spring, wherein the preparation method of the used decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the livestock manure from the ring is piled up layer by layer in a manure accumulation field, the manure pile is compacted while being piled up, the height of the manure pile is 1.5-2m, the manure pile is sealed by soil after the piling up is finished, the temperature is kept at 15-35 ℃, and the decomposed manure is formed after 5-6 months, and the method is simple and low in cost. And (3) applying decomposed organic fertilizer, ploughing for 40-45 cm, irrigating dilute liquid manure 7-8 kg per square meter to the field 4-5 days before transplanting cherry seedlings, and ploughing for 25-30cm, wherein the dilute liquid manure is human and animal liquid manure with the water content of 80-83%.
Step three: treatment of young seedlings
Selecting cherry seedlings with more than half-year-old plants without plant diseases and insect pests as seedlings. Before transplanting, cutting off Patrinia scabiosaefolia on cherry seedlings by using sterilized scissors, treating cut edges by using a disinfectant, and coating a wound protective agent, wherein the disinfectant is 1-2% of copper sulfate solution; the wound protective agent is prepared by mixing 6 parts of rosin, 2 parts of alcohol, 2 parts of animal oil and 1 part of turpentine. And the seedlings are taken out together with the soil around the seedlings during lifting, so that the root systems of the seedlings are well protected.
Step four: determining the row spacing of seedlings and transplanting the seedlings
For the young cherry orchard prepared in the second step, planting holes are made on the field one day before the seedlings are transplanted, and the planting holes are made according to the following specifications in the embodiment: making ridges with the width of 50-80cm and the height of 30-35cm between two adjacent adventitious plants in each row, making ridges with the width of 50-80cm and the height of 30-35cm between two adjacent adventitious plants in accordance with the row spacing of 1m, making planting holes with the diameter of 25-30cm and the depth of 25-30cm on each ridge in accordance with the plant spacing of 30-35cm, and sterilizing the planting holes by spraying potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2%. In order to ensure that the distance between the planting hole made between two adjacent fixed plants in each row and the original fixed tree is 50-60cm, in this embodiment, taking 50 as an example for description, the distance between the planting hole made between two adjacent large rows and the original fixed tree is 1-1.2m, and in this embodiment, taking 1m as an example for description, the number of cherry seedlings planted in one mu of land can be calculated: planting 12 rows of fixed plants in one mu of land according to the garden building specification of 3 x 2, wherein each row comprises 11 fixed plants, 4 planting holes can be formed between every two adjacent fixed plants, 40 planting holes can be formed in one row of fixed plants, and 480 planting holes can be formed in 12 rows; a big row is formed between every two adjacent fixed plant rows, each mu of land comprises 11 big rows, two rows of planting holes can be formed in each big row according to the specification of one row of 1m, 120 planting holes can be formed in two rows of each big row according to the specification of one seedling of 30cm, 1320 planting holes can be formed in 11 big rows, and accordingly, 1800 planting holes can be formed in the young plantation per mu in the embodiment. After planting holes are completed, applying organic fertilizer in each planting hole, then covering a layer of garden soil, wherein the thickness of the organic fertilizer and the garden soil is less than 20cm, then placing cherry seedlings processed in the third step into the planting holes, straightening the seedlings with one hand, filling the planting holes with soil covering matrixes beside the planting holes with the other hand, slightly lifting the seedlings when the soil covering matrixes are filled to be 10-15cm thick and roots of the seedlings are not exposed, then continuously filling the soil covering matrixes, treading the seedlings tightly, and then watering the seedlings thoroughly, thus completing the planting of the seedlings. The invention specifies the planting hole of the seedling which is closest to the original fixed planting tree between every two adjacent fixed plants in each row, and specifies the closest distance between the seedling and the original fixed planting tree between two adjacent rows of fixed planting trees, thereby ensuring that the growth of the seedling does not influence the growth of the original fixed plant and ensuring the growth speed of the original fixed plant.
Step five: the management after the transplantation is carried out,
after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, intertillage weeding is carried out, the work of sun screening, watering and fertilizing in dry seasons is carried out immediately, and meanwhile, the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out in rainy seasons. If the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, adopting a shade and a wet curtain for cooling to prevent the seedlings from being dead due to insolation; and applying the biogas fertilizer to the seedlings once every 10 to 15 days within 1 to 2 months after transplanting, and applying the biogas fertilizer once every 20 to 25 days within 3 months later. The method combines scientific comprehensive measures in the aspects of irrigation, weeding, fertilization, pest control and the like after planting, creates good growth conditions for cherry seedlings, enables the seedlings to grow well, improves the survival rate, can effectively ensure the growth of the original planted trees, is simple to operate, can ensure the transplanting quality, and improves the overall economic benefit of planting the cherries.
On the premise of not influencing the growth of the original planting trees of the dwarf virus-free large cherry, cherry seedlings are replanted at the initial stage of establishing the dwarf virus-free large cherry orchard, the land area, the space, the illumination, the water and fertilizer resources of the young cherry orchard can be fully utilized, cherry seedlings with small quantity are cultivated, the problem that no income exists in the first three years after farmers establish the orchard is solved, the income is considerable in the first three years of the orchard establishment period, the economic benefit of fruit growers at the initial stage of establishing the large cherry orchard is improved, the growth of weeds in the large cherry orchard can be effectively restrained, the manual management and remediation are reduced, and the management cost is reduced.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and therefore, all equivalent changes made by the contents of the claims of the present invention should be included in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A planting and cultivating technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: land selection
Selecting a garden with field planting for 1-3 years, wherein the row spacing is 2-3 meters, the row spacing is 3-4 meters, and 56-111 young cherry gardens are planted per mu;
step two: soil preparation and fertilization
Deeply ploughing 55-70 cm of garden land in 11-12 months in winter for the selected young cherry orchard in the first step, then applying 2600-2800 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of garden land in middle and late 2 months in the next spring, ploughing 40-45 cm, irrigating dilute manure water to the garden land according to 7-8 kg per square meter 4-5 days before transplanting cherry seedlings, and ploughing 25-30 cm;
step three: treatment of young seedlings
Selecting cherry seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests from more than half year old plants as seedlings, before transplanting, cutting off Patrinia scabiosaefolia on the cherry seedlings by using sterilized scissors, treating cut openings by using a disinfectant and coating a wound protective agent, taking out the cherry seedlings together with soil around the seedlings when lifting the seedlings, and well protecting the root systems of the seedlings;
step four: determining the row spacing of seedlings and transplanting the seedlings
And (3) for the young cherry orchard prepared in the second step, planting holes are made on the garden one day before cherry seedlings are transplanted, and the planting holes are made according to the following specifications: making ridges with the width of 50-80cm and the height of 30-35cm between two adjacent fixed plants in each row, making ridges with the width of 50-80cm and the height of 30-35cm between two adjacent rows of fixed plants according to the row spacing of 0.8-1m, making planting holes with the diameter of 25-30cm and the depth of 25-30cm on each ridge according to the plant spacing of 30-35cm, and sterilizing the planting holes, wherein the distance between the two adjacent fixed plants and the nearest planting hole of the original fixed plant is 50-60cm, and the distance between the two adjacent rows of fixed plants and the nearest planting hole of the original fixed plant is 1-1.2 m; then applying organic fertilizer in the planting holes, then covering a layer of garden soil, wherein the thickness of the organic fertilizer and the garden soil is less than 20cm, placing the cherry seedlings processed in the third step into the planting holes, covering soil around the seedlings to form mounds, then compacting, and then watering thoroughly;
step five: the management after the transplantation is carried out,
after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, intertillage weeding is carried out, the work of sun screening, watering and fertilizing in dry seasons is carried out immediately, and meanwhile, the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests is carried out in rainy seasons.
2. The planting and cultivation technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the second step, the manure of the livestock is taken out from the ring and is stacked layer by layer in a manure accumulation field, the manure is compacted while being stacked, the height of the manure stack is 1.5-2m, the manure stack is sealed by soil after the stacking is finished, the temperature is kept at 15-35 ℃, and the decomposed manure is formed after 5-6 months.
3. The planting and cultivation technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the dilute liquid dung in the second step is human and animal liquid dung with the water content of 80-83%.
4. The planting and cultivation technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the disinfectant in the third step is 1 to 2 percent of copper sulfate solution.
5. The planting and cultivation technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the wound protective agent in the third step is prepared by mixing 6 parts of rosin, 2 parts of alcohol, 2 parts of animal oil and 1 part of turpentine.
6. The planting and cultivation technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the fourth step of sterilizing the planting holes is to spray potassium permanganate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.2 percent to sterilize the planting holes.
7. The planting and cultivation technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and when cherry seedlings are transplanted in the fourth step, straightening the seedlings with one hand, filling the planting holes with the soil covering matrix beside the planting holes with the other hand, slightly lifting the seedlings when the soil covering matrix is filled to be 10-15cm thick and the root systems of the seedlings are not exposed, continuously filling the soil covering matrix, and treading.
8. The planting and cultivation technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the sun protection in the step five is to adopt a sun-shading and wet curtain to cool when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃ so as to prevent insolation.
9. The planting and cultivation technology for establishing a garden for dwarf virus-free large cherries and interplanting cherry seedling breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the fifth step, the fertilizer is applied, wherein the biogas fertilizer is applied to the seedlings once every 10 to 15 days within 1 to 2 months after transplanting, and is applied once every 20 to 25 days within 3 months later.
CN201710717115.6A 2017-08-21 2017-08-21 Planting and cultivating technology for building garden and interplanting cherry seedlings for dwarf virus-free large cherry Active CN107278409B (en)

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CN106613630A (en) * 2016-11-09 2017-05-10 安顺市平坝区九九生态农业发展有限公司 Cultivation method for cherry trees

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JP2016054725A (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-04-21 遠赤青汁株式会社 Cultivation method for plants
CN105638362A (en) * 2016-01-30 2016-06-08 贵州山和水茶业有限公司 Cultivation method for interplanting cherry trees in tea garden
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Address before: No. 102, Group 4, Doujiahe Village, Tangyu Town, Meixian County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, 722300

Patentee before: Bai Zhiyong