CN104322254A - Cultivation method for potatoes and cultivation system - Google Patents
Cultivation method for potatoes and cultivation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104322254A CN104322254A CN201410582632.3A CN201410582632A CN104322254A CN 104322254 A CN104322254 A CN 104322254A CN 201410582632 A CN201410582632 A CN 201410582632A CN 104322254 A CN104322254 A CN 104322254A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/10—Apiaceae or Umbelliferae [Carrot family], e.g. parsley, caraway, dill, lovage, fennel or snakebed
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/32—Ranunculaceae [Buttercup family], e.g. hepatica, hydrastis or goldenseal
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/46—Stemonaceae [Stemona family], e.g. croomia
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for potatoes. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: carefully selecting potato seeds; sterilizing and disinfecting the potato seeds; accelerating germination of the potato seeds; applying fertilizers and stacking soil; after transplantation, continuously carrying out topdressing and watering and spraying insecticide. The potato cultivation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the sprayed insecticide does not contain pesticide ingredients, so that the pesticide ingredients harmful to a human body can be prevented from being introduced, the safety of food is ensured, and meanwhile, the differentiation and the expansion degree of potato roots also can be effectively improved. In addition, the cultivation method has the advantages of low cost, high yield, convenience in management and the like, and is suitable for large-scale potato cultivation. In addition, the invention also discloses a cultivation system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, particularly relate to a kind of cultivation method and cultivation system of potato.
Background technology
China's the earth, produce enrich, and bring up Chinese nation's civilization of 5,000 years, plant is of a great variety especially, innumerable.The potato mankind being produced to extremely far-reaching effect is just comprised in these plants.Along with the development of agricultural, the cultivation method of potato have also been obtained significant progress, and yield per unit area is also more and more higher.
At present, the part that potato mainly can eat for the mankind mainly concentrates on block root and divides, and therefore, in potato cultivation, how to improve the degrees of expansion of block root, just seeming is even more important.
But, existing potato cultivation method, the degrees of expansion of block root and the differentiation degree of block root also cannot meet human wants far away, the reason of these problems is caused mainly to be, the block root of potato is subject to the pressure of soil, and the degrees of expansion of block root is limited, under the pressure that soil is excessive, root side, side stem quantity is very few, and some root side, side stems cannot form block root.In addition, potato is in outdoor planting, and also very easily catch a disease insect pest, although, apply the problem that certain agricultural chemicals can reduce the output reduction of income that damage by disease and insect causes, apply agricultural chemicals and but can produce threat to the safety of food.
Therefore, explore new potato culture technique, and how to realize safety and high yield has become current very important problem.
Such as, Chinese patent 201210168480.3 discloses the cultivation method of a kind of potato, it specifically discloses the cultivation method of a kind of potato, comprise the following steps: by planting environment selection, crops for rotation arrangement, Fruit variety, broadcast front preparation, field management and topdress and the multiple cultivation step such as diseases and pests controlling, finally gathering in the crops.Cultivation method of the present invention is simple, has cost low, the advantages such as yield is high, convenient management, is applicable to extensive cultivation.
And for example, Chinese patent 201310185445.7 discloses a kind of two bud cultivation method of size row of ginger, it specifically disclose two bud cultivation method of size row of a kind of ginger, and described cultivation method comprises following cultivation step: selected ginger kind, Jiang Jiao sterilization, autumn ploughing ground, seed soaking, change temperature-accelerated germination, with beating bow canopy are ditched for broadcasting, the sowing of two bud, budding time management, Seedling Stage management, vigorous growth period management, gather in the crops the ginger of maturation.The present invention has following beneficial effect: 1, increase mu strain number 1-2 thousand strain, increase mu bud number 7-8 thousand, ground, two mu, 0.07 hectare top, substantially increases Ginger Yield; 2, large row Dominance in border row is large, and little row shades degeneration-resistant, is beneficial to ginger and grows; 3, fertilizer is sufficient, and nutrition is easy to put in place, not to burn kind, does not burn seedling; 4, regulation measure is proper, and branch is many, and growth is strong, expands fast.
And for example, Chinese patent 201310257242.4 discloses the omnidistance Chemical Control cultivation method of a kind of sweet potato, and it specifically discloses the omnidistance Chemical Control cultivation method of sweet potato, belongs to sweet potato cultivation technical field.Cultivation method of the present invention, sweet potato seedling soaked with root-inducing powder No. 5 liquids before planting, and coordinated specificly to water the nest water yield; Plant rear 35-60 days, spray uniconazole P solution 2 times; 30-40 days before results, sprays DA-6 solution 2 times; " early stage inspires root, mid-term controls prosperous length, later stage slow old and feeble ", embodies the theory of growth of sweet potato overall process being carried out to chemical regulation.Adopt the sweet potato that cultivation method of the present invention is cultivated, output increased 16%, meanwhile, its quality (build size and all degree) is significantly improved.On the other hand, cultivation method of the present invention, step is simple, use labour is few; The consumption of each plant growth regulators is few.
Plant cultivation method disclosed in above-mentioned patent still cannot solve the degrees of expansion of the block root how improving potato and reduce the problem of damage by disease and insect.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, be necessary to provide a kind of cultivation method and the cultivation system that can improve the degrees of expansion of block root and the potato of minimizing damage by disease and insect.
A cultivation method for potato, comprises the steps:
Selected potato seed;
By described potato seed sterilizing;
By described potato presprouting of seeds;
Fertilising mound;
After transplanting, continue to topdress and water, and spraying insecticide.
Such as, described insecticide comprises each component of following mass parts: Golden Larch Bark 10 parts ~ 12 parts, rhizoma nardostachyos 10 parts ~ 12 parts, the tuber of stemona 10 parts ~ 12 parts, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 10 parts ~ 12 parts, the coptis 8 parts ~ 10 parts, withy 10 parts ~ 12 parts, fortune paulownia flower 10 parts ~ 12 parts, paulownia sawdust 10 parts ~ 12 parts, yew 10 parts ~ 12 parts, wilson passionflower herb 7 parts ~ 10 parts, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Chinese scholartree root 10 parts ~ 12 parts, yew 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Fructus Gleditsiae microcarpae 10 parts ~ 12 parts, frutus cnidii 10 parts ~ 15 parts, david poplar root-bark 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Chinese wild pepper 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Lindley Butterflybush Herb 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Embelia subcoridcea (C. B. Cl.) Mez 12 parts ~ 15 parts, cassia twig 10 parts ~ 12 parts, windproof 10 parts ~ 12 parts, elscholtiza 15 parts ~ 20 parts, chrysanthemum 10 parts ~ 12 parts, schizonepeta 10 parts ~ 12 parts, purple perilla 10 parts ~ 12 parts, 10 parts ~ 12 parts, mulberry leaf, field pennycress 10 parts ~ 12 parts, golden cypress 15 parts ~ 16 parts, Sargent gloryvine 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Radix Isatidis 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Herba Andrographitis 10 parts ~ 12 parts, cordate houttuynia 10 parts ~ 12 parts.
Wherein in an embodiment, described by the step of described potato presprouting of seeds, to described potato kind subcovering nutrition heat-insulation layer.
Wherein in an embodiment, described nutrition heat-insulation layer is cow dung.
Wherein in an embodiment, described nutrition heat-insulation layer is humic straw.
Wherein in an embodiment, described nutrition heat-insulation layer is the mixture of cow dung and humic straw.
Wherein in an embodiment, the mass ratio of described cow dung and described humic straw is 1 ~ 3:10 ~ 15.
Wherein in an embodiment, described by the step of described potato seed sterilizing, described sterilizing carries out in thimerosal.
A cultivation system for potato, comprises the some culturing device superposing setting successively;
It is at least one every native part that described culturing device comprises casing and is arranged in described casing;
Described casing is the hollow-core construction of one end open, and described casing has one towards the base plate of described opening, side plate and some support members, and described side plate is fixedly installed on the edge of base plate, and described support member is extended to form by the side of described side plate away from described base plate;
Described every native part be the hollow-core construction of both ends open, wherein described in one every the openend of native part and described base plate close contact, the described inner space every native part forms Shen Gen district, and described offer at least one connection described Shen Gen district and described casing every native part stretch root hole.
Wherein in an embodiment, the described support member of culturing device described in one is connected with the described base plate of culturing device described in another, superposes setting successively to make some described culturing device.
Wherein in an embodiment, between every a pair adjacent described support member, form breach.
By the cultivation method of above-mentioned potato, the insecticide sprayed is not containing farm chemical ingredients, can avoid introducing harmful farm chemical ingredients, ensure food security, simultaneously, effectively can also improve differentiation and the degrees of expansion of potato block root, in addition, it is low that this method has cost, and yield is high, the advantages such as convenient management, are applicable to large-scale potato cultivation cultivation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the cultivation method of the potato of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the culturing device of the potato of an embodiment of the present invention;
The partial structurtes schematic diagram that Fig. 3 is the culturing device of the potato shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the culturing device of the potato of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the cultivation system of the potato of an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For enabling above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage become apparent more, are described in detail the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Set forth a lot of detail in the following description so that fully understand the present invention.But the present invention can be much different from alternate manner described here to implement, those skilled in the art can when without prejudice to doing similar improvement when intension of the present invention, therefore the present invention is by the restriction of following public concrete enforcement.
Such as, the cultivation method of the potato of an embodiment, comprises the steps: selected potato seed, by described potato seed sterilizing, by described potato presprouting of seeds, fertilising mound, after transplanting, continue to topdress and water, and spraying insecticide, such as, described insecticide comprises each component of following mass parts: Golden Larch Bark 10 parts ~ 12 parts, rhizoma nardostachyos 10 parts ~ 12 parts, the tuber of stemona 10 parts ~ 12 parts, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 10 parts ~ 12 parts, the coptis 8 parts ~ 10 parts, withy 10 parts ~ 12 parts, fortune paulownia flower 10 parts ~ 12 parts, paulownia sawdust 10 parts ~ 12 parts, yew 10 parts ~ 12 parts, wilson passionflower herb 7 parts ~ 10 parts, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Chinese scholartree root 10 parts ~ 12 parts, yew 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Fructus Gleditsiae microcarpae 10 parts ~ 12 parts, frutus cnidii 10 parts ~ 15 parts, david poplar root-bark 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Chinese wild pepper 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Lindley Butterflybush Herb 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Embelia subcoridcea (C. B. Cl.) Mez 12 parts ~ 15 parts, cassia twig 10 parts ~ 12 parts, windproof 10 parts ~ 12 parts, elscholtiza 15 parts ~ 20 parts, chrysanthemum 10 parts ~ 12 parts, schizonepeta 10 parts ~ 12 parts, purple perilla 10 parts ~ 12 parts, 10 parts ~ 12 parts, mulberry leaf, field pennycress 10 parts ~ 12 parts, golden cypress 15 parts ~ 16 parts, Sargent gloryvine 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Radix Isatidis 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Herba Andrographitis 10 parts ~ 12 parts, cordate houttuynia 10 parts ~ 12 parts.And for example, the cultivation method of the potato of one embodiment, comprise the steps: to choose the ripe potato that hypertrophy is plentiful, color of the leather is bright, meat is fresh, quality is hard, after ripe potato being cut into the block root of 5cm ~ 10cm, then, micro-solarization 3 hours ~ 6 hours, after wound healing, obtains potato seed in daylight conditions; Described potato seed is immersed in thimerosal after sterilization, then, shine 2 days ~ 3 days in daylight conditions, until described potato the surface of the seed is shinny; Pile up in heaps for described potato seed, then, nutrition heat-insulation layer in covering, at 22 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, insulation vernalization 30 days ~ 40 days, until the tender shoots of described potato seed new life grows to 1cm ~ 1.5cm; Collect the cultivating soil that fertile, the good permeability of soil property, organic abundant, water conservation and keeping fertility are strong, in described cultivating soil, apply base manure, and described cultivating soil is piled the mound with hollow Shen Gen district; Described potato seed is migrated to described mound, and around the cultivation of described Shen Gen district, in described potato seed produces process, the madial wall toward described Shen Gen district topdresses and waters.
As shown in Figure 1, it is the cultivation method of the potato of an embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps:
S110: choose the ripe potato that hypertrophy is plentiful, color of the leather is bright, meat is fresh, quality is hard, after ripe potato being cut into the block root of 5cm ~ 10cm, then, micro-solarization 3 hours ~ 6 hours, after wound healing, obtains potato seed in daylight conditions.
Described selected potato seed, comprise choose full and/or without the ripe potato of insect pest, such as, by choosing the ripe potato that hypertrophy is plentiful, color of the leather is bright, meat is fresh, quality is hard, can guarantee that the potato seed obtained is rich in nutrient component, and then can germination rate be improved, simultaneously, also plumule can be made more sturdy, be beneficial to follow-up transplanting and growth.
Be appreciated that, after cutting block root from ripe potato, micro-solarization in daylight conditions, can make fresh wound healing, avoid the otch of potato seed to be subject to the impact of microorganism and the problem of rotting.
The otch of cultivating to avoid potato is further subject to the impact of microorganism and the problem of rotting, and such as, in incision, spreads dry fine sand layer, like this, can absorb the tissue juice that otch infiltrates, to accelerate the drying healing of otch.
S120: immersed by potato seed in thimerosal after sterilization, then, shines 2 days ~ 3 days, in daylight conditions until described potato the surface of the seed is shinny.
By being immersed in thimerosal by potato seed, sterilizing can be carried out to potato seed, to extend the storage life of potato seed.Meanwhile, above-mentioned Exposure to Sunlight condition, also can reduce the water content of potato seed, slows down the nutrient component spent by potato seed respiration, is conducive to the deposit of follow-up vernalization and growth desired nutritional composition.
In order to carry out sterilizing process to potato seed better, and can not farm chemical ingredients be introduced, such as, thimerosal comprises each component of following mass parts: 1 part ~ 1.5 parts, formaldehyde, cordate houttuynia 12 parts ~ 15 parts, by 16 parts ~ 20 parts, leaf, frutus cnidii 20 parts ~ 25 parts, cloves 30 parts ~ 35 parts, golden cypress 15 parts ~ 16 parts, mother chrysanthemum 10 parts ~ 18 parts, 12 parts ~ 17 parts, sulphur, borax 12 parts ~ 17 parts, talcum powder 5 parts ~ 10 parts and 3 parts ~ 5 parts, benzoic acid.The preparation method of above-mentioned thimerosal comprises the steps: each component of following mass parts, 1 part ~ 1.5 parts, formaldehyde, cordate houttuynia 12 parts ~ 15 parts, press 16 parts ~ 20 parts, leaf, frutus cnidii 20 parts ~ 25 parts, cloves 30 parts ~ 35 parts, golden cypress 15 parts ~ 16 parts, mother chrysanthemum 10 parts ~ 18 parts, 12 parts ~ 17 parts, sulphur, borax 12 parts ~ 17 parts, talcum powder 5 parts ~ 10 parts and benzoic acid 3 parts ~ 5 parts co-grindings, with the dissolve with ethanol solution of 65% ~ 75%, after leaving standstill, obtain above-mentioned thimerosal.Potato seed is immersed this thimerosal, sterilizing process can be carried out to potato seed better, and can not farm chemical ingredients be introduced.
In order to carry out sterilizing process to potato seed further, such as, after potato seed is immersed the step of sterilizing in thimerosal, namely during warehouse-in storage potato seed, also comprise the steps: to place 2 ~ 3, aluminum phosphate according to every cubic metre of storage capacity, by the dispersion of sheet aluminum phosphate with being placed in warehouse potato seed top layer or surrounding in the face of potato seed carries out stifling sterilizing, wherein, the quality of every sheet aluminum phosphate is 3 grams, like this, natural decomposition after the aluminum phosphate moisture absorption, the phosphine gas given out can kill the weevil of concealment in warehouse, rain moth, the various insects such as ostomatid and paddy khapra beetle.Depending on storehouse storehouse temperature height, difference adjusts concrete fumigation time, such as, 12 ~ 15 DEG C time, need fumigate 5 days ~ 6 days both can, 16 ~ 20 DEG C time, only need to fumigate 3 days ~ 4 days, when being greater than more than 20 DEG C, only need to fumigate 2 days ~ 3 days.Potato seed is according to the method described above after suffocating treatment, and its germination rate is unaffected, and noresidue and toxic and side effect.
S130: pile up in heaps for described potato seed, then, nutrition heat-insulation layer in covering, at 22 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, insulation vernalization 30 days ~ 40 days, until the tender shoots of described potato seed new life grows to 1cm ~ 1.5cm.
Before waiting to need to transplant sowing, in heapsly to pile up potato presprouting of seeds, until when the tender shoots of potato seed new life grows to 1cm ~ 1.5cm, then transplant and sow, be conducive to the g and D of potato most.
By to potato kind subcovering nutrition heat-insulation layer, the temperature needed for potato seed sprouting can be guaranteed, such as, temperature needed for germinateing is controlled at 22 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, like this, both can avoid that temperature is too low causes vernalization excessively slow, again can not Yin Wendu be too high causes tender shoots too thin and delicate, be unfavorable for follow-up transplanting and growth.
Such as, nutrition heat-insulation layer is cow dung, and for example, nutrition heat-insulation layer is humic straw, and and for example, nutrition heat-insulation layer is the mixture of cow dung and described humic straw, and for example, nutrition heat-insulation layer is humic sawdust, and and for example, the mass ratio of cow dung and humic straw is 1 ~ 3:10 ~ 15, like this, both can guarantee that germination temperature maintained 22 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, meanwhile, the nutrient component needed for vernalization can also have been improved.
In order to vernalization better, such as, according to germination temperature, also interval is to described nutrition heat-insulation layer spray water, such as, when temperature is more than 30 DEG C, to quantity and the increased frequency of nutrition heat-insulation layer water spray, be appreciated that potato seed sprouting needs a moistening environment, like this, be conducive to vernalization, but humidity is excessive, be unfavorable for the aerobic respiration of potato seed, rotten problem may be there is, according to germination temperature water spray, both can control germination temperature, meanwhile, the stable moist environment needed for vernalization can also be maintained.
S140: collect the cultivating soil that fertile, the good permeability of soil property, organic abundant, water conservation and keeping fertility are strong, apply base manure in described cultivating soil, and described cultivating soil is piled the mound with hollow Shen Gen district.
Be appreciated that soil property is fertile, cultivating soil that good permeability, organic abundant, water conservation and keeping fertility are strong be conducive to potato seed transplant after subsequent growth grow.Add base manure, the nutrient component needed for the growth of potato seed growth can be provided.
In order to ensure the nutrient component of base manure better, and avoid the soil compaction that uses chemical chemical fertilizer to cause, compressing potato block root, be unfavorable for the problem that follow-up differentiation is expanded, such as, base manure comprises each component of following mass parts: oil tea slag 50 parts ~ 75 parts, decomposed manure 80 ~ 100 parts, livestock urine 150 parts ~ 160 parts, excrement and stalk disintegrating slag 60 parts ~ 80 parts, after above-mentioned each component being uniformly mixed, obtain described base manure.The method applying base manure is: first mixed with cultivating soil by base manure, then, the surface of base manure and cultivating soil is sprinkling the thick cultivating soil of one deck 15cm ~ 25cm upon mixing.
Be appreciated that, general block root class plant, such as, potato, it is under the compressing of soil, and block Furcation defects and the expansion of potato will become slower, that is, the differentiation of the block root of potato and degrees of expansion, be inversely proportional to the pressure of potato with soil, namely, soil is larger to the pressure of potato, differentiation and the degrees of expansion of the block root of potato are less, and output is also fewer, and quality is also poor, especially the soil of chemical fertilizer is applied for a long time, its degree that hardens is higher, and the output of potato is also fewer, and quality is also poor.In step S140, by cultivating soil being piled the mound with hollow Shen Gen district, this Shen Gen district is being hollow-core construction, and the root system being beneficial to potato stretches in Shen Gen district, effectively can slow down the pressure of potato block Furcation defects and the soil suffered by expansion.
S150: potato seed is migrated to described mound, and around the cultivation of Shen Gen district, in potato seed produces process, the madial wall toward described Shen Gen district topdresses and waters.
Be equivalent to traditional cultivation method, during potato seed is all placed into the soil, by potato seed is cultivated around Shen Gen district, effectively can reduce the pressure that potato grows the soil be subject to, the growth that potato seed is follow-up, its root system will stretch in this Shen Gen district gradually, effectively improves block Furcation defects and degrees of expansion.
In addition, in the g and D that potato is follow-up, in order to guide potato block root to grow in ground pressure comparatively little Shen Gen district, also the madial wall in past Shen Gen district topdresses and waters.
In g and D, be subject to damage by disease and insect in order to reducing potato, such as, also to potato spraying insecticide, and for example, insecticide comprises each component of following mass parts: Golden Larch Bark 10 parts ~ 12 parts, rhizoma nardostachyos 10 parts ~ 12 parts, the tuber of stemona 10 parts ~ 12 parts, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 10 parts ~ 12 parts, the coptis 8 parts ~ 10 parts, withy 10 parts ~ 12 parts, fortune paulownia flower 10 parts ~ 12 parts, paulownia sawdust 10 parts ~ 12 parts, yew 10 parts ~ 12 parts, wilson passionflower herb 7 parts ~ 10 parts, Swamp Mahogany Leaf 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Chinese scholartree root 10 parts ~ 12 parts, yew 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Fructus Gleditsiae microcarpae 10 parts ~ 12 parts, frutus cnidii 10 parts ~ 15 parts, david poplar root-bark 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Chinese wild pepper 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Lindley Butterflybush Herb 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Embelia subcoridcea (C. B. Cl.) Mez 12 parts ~ 15 parts, cassia twig 10 parts ~ 12 parts, windproof 10 parts ~ 12 parts, elscholtiza 15 parts ~ 20 parts, chrysanthemum 10 parts ~ 12 parts, schizonepeta 10 parts ~ 12 parts, purple perilla 10 parts ~ 12 parts, 10 parts ~ 12 parts, mulberry leaf, field pennycress 10 parts ~ 12 parts, golden cypress 15 parts ~ 16 parts, Sargent gloryvine 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Radix Isatidis 10 parts ~ 12 parts, Herba Andrographitis 10 parts ~ 12 parts, cordate houttuynia 10 parts ~ 12 parts, by each component of above-mentioned mass parts, after adding cracker pulverizing, then mix, by ethanol or the extracted by ether of 60% ~ 75%, when spraying to potato, be diluted to 800 ~ 1200 times of water sprays, like this, potato can be reduced in g and D, be subject to damage by disease and insect, meanwhile, also farm chemical ingredients can not be introduced.
By the cultivation method of above-mentioned potato, can avoid introducing harmful farm chemical ingredients, ensure food security, meanwhile, differentiation and the degrees of expansion of potato block root can also effectively be improved, in addition, it is low that this method has cost, the advantages such as yield is high, convenient management, are applicable to large-scale potato cultivation cultivation.
In order to introduce the cultivation method of above-mentioned potato further, and a kind of potato culturing device being applicable to green house cultivation potato is disclosed.
Such as, another example of the present invention is a kind of culturing device of potato.
Such as, as shown in Figure 2, it is the structural representation of the culturing device 10 of the potato of an embodiment of the present invention.
The culturing device 10 of potato comprise casing 100 and be arranged in casing 100 at least one every native part 200.Such as, be arranged in array be arranged in casing 100 every native part 200, potato seeds cultivation is in multiple adjacent between native part 200.
Refer to Fig. 2, casing 100 is the hollow-core construction of one end open 110, casing 100 comprises one towards the base plate 120 of opening 110 and the side plate 130 that is connected with base plate 120, base plate 120 is connected with side plate 130 and surrounds cultivation area 140, cultivation area 140, for loading cultivating soil, is cultivated to make potato and can be transplanted in cultivating soil.It should be noted that, cultivation area 140 does not comprise every native part 200 and the inner space every native part 200, and that is, cultivating soil is loaded in base plate 120, side plate 130 and between native part 200.Such as, base plate 120 circular plate-like shape structure.
Refer to Fig. 2, be the hollow-core construction of both ends open every native part 200, wherein one every the openend of native part 200 and base plate 120 close contact, another openend every native part 200 is communicated to outside, like this, just can by adding fertilizer and moisture every native part 200 away from the openend of base plate 120, so that better for the Root Absorption fertilizer put in native part 200 and moisture.
In order to potato of gathering of being more convenient for, such as, every native part 200, there is the first openend 210 and the second openend, openend 220, first 210 and base plate 120 close contact, and the bore of the first openend 210 is less than the bore of the second openend 220.Be appreciated that and adopt said structure every native part 200, when potato gathered by needs, on the one hand, can be more convenient for extracting every native part 200, and easy knock-off and the soil of fitting every native part 200 surface, expose the surface of potato, improve the efficiency that potato is gathered, on the other hand, relative to traditional picking methods, plane is needed to open whole soil on potato surface, adopt above-mentioned picking methods, the stressed excessive problem occurring rupturing of potato block root can be avoided better, and then improve potato integrality and quality.And for example, described casing and to be describedly formed in one structure every native part.
Refer to Fig. 2, Shen Gen district 230 is formed every the inner space of native part 200, and what offer at least one connection Shen Gen district 230 and casing 100 every native part 200 stretches root hole 240, like this, potato is in g and D process, and root system can arrive in Shen Gen district 230 through stretching root hole 240, like this, the root system being arranged in Shen Gen district 230 will discharge from the pressure of cultivating soil, grows better.In addition, the root system stretched out outside root hole 240 also can contact extraneous air better, is beneficial to the aerobic respiration of root system.
Enter in Shen Gen district 230 in order to prevent the soil outside Shen Gen district 230 by stretching root hole 240, simultaneously, also be more conducive to root system and touch nutrient and moisture, such as, refer to Fig. 3, the partial structurtes schematic diagram of its culturing device 10 being the potato shown in Fig. 2, be positioned on the madial wall of native part 200 and one drainage part 300 is also set near stretching root hole 240 place, drainage part 300 covers at the madial wall every native part 200, drainage part 300 has a draining hole 310, the opening direction of draining hole 310 is towards the second openend 220 every native part 200, like this, drainage part 300 can prevent the soil outside Shen Gen district 230 from entering in Shen Gen district 230 by stretching root hole 240, simultaneously, nutrient and moisture can flow into from draining hole 310 along the madial wall of drainage part 300 to be stretched root hole 240 and enters in native part 200, so that root system is to the absorption of nutrient component.
In order to provide automation nutrient and moisture supply to potato growth, such as, refer to Fig. 4, the structural representation of the culturing device 20 of its potato being another embodiment of the present invention, the culturing device 20 of potato comprises casing 100a, at least one every native part 200a, reservoir 300a and liquid-guiding rope 400a, be arranged in casing 100a every native part 200a, reservoir 300a is connected with the bottom of casing 100a, one end of liquid-guiding rope 400a is communicated with casing 100a, and the other end of liquid-guiding rope 400a is placed in reservoir 300a.Reservoir 300a is used for the nutrient solution needed for the growth of accommodating potato, and liquid-guiding rope 400a is used for the nutrient solution in reservoir 300a to cause in casing 100a, and is finally absorbed by cultivating soil, for supplying to the root system of potato.Such as, liquid-guiding rope 400a is upper thread, and casing 100a offers through hole, and liquid-guiding rope 400a passes described through hole and is fixed in soil, like this, can provide automation nutrient and moisture supply to potato growth.
By the culturing device of above-mentioned potato, can avoid introducing harmful farm chemical ingredients, ensure food security, meanwhile, differentiation and the degrees of expansion of potato block root can also effectively be improved, in addition, it is low that the culturing device of above-mentioned potato has cost, the advantages such as yield is high, convenient management, are applicable to large-scale potato cultivation cultivation.
And for example, culturing device comprises an insecticide chamber, insecticide described in its accommodating above-mentioned any embodiment.
Such as, another example of the present invention is a kind of cultivation system of potato, and it is applicable to the green house of cultivating potato on a large scale.And for example, the cultivation system of described potato comprises the some culturing device superposing setting successively, the culturing device of described culturing device and above-mentioned potato.
Such as, as shown in Figure 5, it is the structural representation of the cultivation system 30 of the potato of an embodiment of the present invention.
The cultivation system 30 of potato comprises the culturing device 10b of the some potatoes superposing setting successively, culturing device 10a comprise casing 100b and be arranged in casing 100b at least one every native part 200b, casing 100b comprises base plate 110b, side plate 120b and some support member 130b, side plate 120b is fixedly installed on the edge of base plate 110b, support member 130b is extended to form away from the side of base plate 110b by side plate 120b, the base plate 110b of the culturing device 10b of another potato is placed on support member 130b, setting is superposed successively to make the culturing device 10b of some potatoes, like this, the intensity cultivation of potato can be realized, and use in the green house being applicable to cultivate on a large scale potato.Such as, form breach 140b between every a pair adjacent support member 130b, for the mass exchange with the external world, such as, sunlight and air can enter in the cultivation system 30 of potato by breach 140b, are also convenient to cultivation personnel simultaneously and water and apply fertilizer.
The cultivation system 30 of above-mentioned potato is by superposing the culturing device 10b of some potatoes of setting successively, can avoid introducing harmful farm chemical ingredients, ensure food security, meanwhile, differentiation and the degrees of expansion of potato block root can also effectively be improved, in addition, it is low that the cultivation system 30 of above-mentioned potato has cost, the advantages such as yield is high, convenient management, are applicable to large-scale potato cultivation cultivation.
The above embodiment only have expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. a cultivation method for potato, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Selected potato seed;
By described potato seed sterilizing;
By described potato presprouting of seeds;
Fertilising mound;
After transplanting, continue to topdress and water, and spraying insecticide.
2. the cultivation method of potato according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described by the step of described potato presprouting of seeds, to described potato kind subcovering nutrition heat-insulation layer.
3. the cultivation method of potato according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described nutrition heat-insulation layer is cow dung.
4. the cultivation method of potato according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described nutrition heat-insulation layer is humic straw.
5. the cultivation method of potato according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described nutrition heat-insulation layer is the mixture of cow dung and humic straw.
6. the cultivation method of potato according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described cow dung and described humic straw is 1 ~ 3:10 ~ 15.
7. the cultivation method of potato according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described by the step of described potato seed sterilizing, described sterilizing carries out in thimerosal.
8. a cultivation system for potato, is characterized in that, comprises the some culturing device superposing setting successively;
It is at least one every native part that described culturing device comprises casing and is arranged in described casing;
Described casing is the hollow-core construction of one end open, and described casing has one towards the base plate of described opening, side plate and some support members, and described side plate is fixedly installed on the edge of base plate, and described support member is extended to form by the side of described side plate away from described base plate;
Described every native part be the hollow-core construction of both ends open, wherein described in one every the openend of native part and described base plate close contact, the described inner space every native part forms Shen Gen district, and described offer at least one connection described Shen Gen district and described casing every native part stretch root hole.
9. the cultivation system of potato according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the described support member of culturing device described in one is connected with the described base plate of culturing device described in another, superposes setting successively to make some described culturing device.
10. the cultivation system of potato according to claim 8, is characterized in that, forms breach between every a pair adjacent described support member.
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| CN106747853A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 南宁市乾瑞生态农业农民专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of asparagus fern interplanted potato |
| CN108605758A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-10-02 | 合肥市风达农业有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method of potato |
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