CN103430744A - Method for rapid breeding of fritillaria cirrhosa by means of fritillaria cirrhosa scales - Google Patents
Method for rapid breeding of fritillaria cirrhosa by means of fritillaria cirrhosa scales Download PDFInfo
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- CN103430744A CN103430744A CN2013103574751A CN201310357475A CN103430744A CN 103430744 A CN103430744 A CN 103430744A CN 2013103574751 A CN2013103574751 A CN 2013103574751A CN 201310357475 A CN201310357475 A CN 201310357475A CN 103430744 A CN103430744 A CN 103430744A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for pollution-free breeding of fritillaria cirrhosa. According to the method for pollution-free breeding of the fritillaria cirrhosa, fritillaria cirrhosa scales are used for breeding of the fritillaria cirrhosa, and the steps of dormancy breaking treatment, disinfection treatment and scale differentiation treatment and the like are carried out for rapid cultivation of fritillaria cirrhosa plants. Due to the fact that the scales are used for breeding of the fritillaria cirrhosa and the dormancy breaking treatment is achieved by means of hormones, breeding time is shortened. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the method of tissue cultivation is not used, requirements for technique and environment are greatly lowered, and cost is saved. During breeding, 4-12 small bulbs can be formed by each small scale, therefore, the utilization rate of second-level fritillaria cirrhosa and third-level fritillaria cirrhosa is greatly improved, and breeding efficiency of the fritillaria cirrhosa is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the propagation method of a kind of bulb of fritillary, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing scale Fast-propagation Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.
Background technology
The bulb of fritillary is herbaceos perennial, and its bulb hyoscine has effect relieving cough and reducing sputum, the heat-clearing dissipating bind; The bulb of fritillary " family ", by the difference of the place of production and kind, can be divided into Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, fritillaria thunbergii and the rhizoma bolbostemmae, the large class of Siberian fritillary bulb four.Wherein Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, be the underground bulb of the bulbs of fritillary such as the Liliaceae herbaceos perennial crow flower bulb of fritillary, Fritillaria Cirrhosa D. Don, the Roche bulb of fritillary, the Gansu bulb of fritillary, the rib sand bulb of fritillary.Because main product is gained the name in Sichuan, but in Tibet, Gansu, Xinjiang, North China, northeast all produces.Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae cold nature and sweet-bitter flavor, enter the cardiopulmonary warp, function moistening lung, cough-relieving, reduce phlegm, clinical normal and the compatibilities such as the root of straight ladybell, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, asparagus fern, mulberry leaf, chrysanthemum are used for that hot phlegm, sticky sputum, deficiency syndrome of the lung labor are coughed, coughed for a long time, phlegm is swallowed dry, blood-stained sputum less and the treatment of the illnesss such as ambition pent-up, consumptive lung disease, lung carbuncle.The modern pharmacological research confirmation, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae contains the multiple alkaloids such as fritimine, and fritimine reduces blood pressure, and the multiple pharmacological effect such as excited uterus have high medical value.
The Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae happiness weather conditions that cool, have cold-resistant, happiness is wet, be afraid of high humidity, characteristic that happiness covers.When temperature reaches 30 ℃ or ground temperature and surpasses 25 ℃, plant will wither; Can not survive in the area that height above sea level is low, temperature is high.Under fully without the concealment condition, plant, seedling easily dries up in flakes; Cross sunshine and can impel by force the evaporation of plant moisture and respiration to strengthen, easily cause the bulb index of aridity low, so the planting conditions of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is harsher, cause its price comparison high.Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae has bulb and two kinds of propagation methods of seed.Due to the reproduction coefficient very large (1 female bulb can grow the nearly daughter bulb of 20-50 different sizes in 1 year) of seminal propagation production cycle long (can gather in the crops in after planting 6 years) and fritillary bulb bulb, therefore produce the upper general bulb breeding method that adopts.People are the fourth class by the bulb of gathering in the crops out with the hole sizer sorting at present: first-class processing is used as medicine; The cultivation of second-class (as the fibert size) can be gathered in the crops in latter 1 year; 2 years results of need growth of third-class (as the corn size); The fourth class (third-class following person, minimum as the large grain of rice) needs 3 years results afterwards.The so little bulb time that especially the bulb breeding of three fourth class needs is long, has in a disguised form increased production cost, so it is low to carry out reproductive efficiency according to the direct implantation methods of routine, wastes valuable Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb resource.At present the tissue culture propagating technology of the bulb of fritillary also had to a lot of research, tissue is cultivated has higher technology content, also higher to the requirement of plant.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to utilize Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae scale fast breeding Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, has both overcome and has utilized tissue to cultivate a difficult problem higher to specification requirement, can utilize again limited resource breeding Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae plant, and greatly improves the reproduction speed of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae; Adopt the method for non-harmful plantation seedling, make output increase, damage by disease and insect reduce, improve fertility.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
The method of the nuisanceless production of a kind of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) at first select after sieving and grading second-class bulb as the fibert size as propagating materials, bulb is placed in to 45 ℃ of warm water to be soaked 90 minutes, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiate and disinfect in 10-20 minute under the ultraviolet ray of 2500-2650A wave-length coverage; And then soak 20-30 minute with breaking dormancy at 500 mg/L GA;
(2) the in layer strip off of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb that will disinfect, the size that will note observing scale in the process of strip off, when the diameter of scale is less than 10mm, just stop continuing to peel; Select diameter to be greater than the ramentum of 10mm, continue to soak 30-40 minute in 45 ℃ of warm water, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiation 5-10min disinfects under the ultraviolet ray of 2500-2650A wave-length coverage; By matrix through the sterilization after, scale is layered on matrix, and then covers the matrix of 3-4cm on the scale top of completing, then put into the environment vernalization 40-50 days of 20-25 ℃, in the process of vernalization, want controlled light intensity at 1200-1400lex, the moisture of matrix is at 40-50%; Go up gradually and differentiate gradually clove at scale in this process; After the clove differentiated reaches more than 90%, then control temperature between 16-20 ℃, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1500-1700lex, and to keep water supply in media content be 30-40%, continues to cultivate 40-70 days;
(3) at first the clove that breaks up out through above-mentioned process utilizes the NAA of 300mg/L GA and 250 mg/L to process to remove the dormancy of bulb; Then the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb is mixed and is placed in plastic sack with silt, the bulb surrounding is filled with the liver moss after sterilization, and humidity 50% left and right, then tie plastic sack, processes 25 d under 0 ℃ of dislocation refrigerator-freezer and again abolishes dormancy;
(4) will be through abolish Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove that dormancy processes 20 min that sterilize in potassium permanganate 0.1 % liquid, each clove that then will break up out strips down from stem, continue to process and impel clove to take root with 500mg/L GA, each clove that then will break up is out transplanted breeding;
(5) the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove in step (4) is transplanted breeding: newly-built Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae garden, the gradient is no more than 10 °, soil pH value 5. 0～6. 5, soil organic matter content 15%, earth is loose, drainage performance is good, sufficient water source is arranged, after building the field point and choosing, to plant and be ploughed deeply the previous year the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove, 40～50 centimetres of ploughing depths, remove stone after ploughing deeply slaking, grass roots, the hardwood piece, and ground is further smooth, to play high flat furrow behind whole good ground, furrow are played in general north-south, terraced fields are along the whole furrow of ridge direction, furrow are apart from 2. 0～2. 4 meters, the furrow face is high 10～30 centimetres, wide by 1. 5～1. 8 meters, furrow furrow width 0. 5～0. 6 meter, at middle 1 row of planting of furrow face, set drain ditch simultaneously, if the soil pH value is higher, in the time of need to executing the Cosan adjusting, can in conjunction with ploughing deeply with whole ground, carry out in the previous year of planting simultaneously,
Regulate the soil pH value: when the soil pH value need to be adjusted, the soil pH value of just need to taking measures to reduce, the most frequently used method is that soil is executed Cosan, while applying Cosan, in conjunction with whole, carry out in the previous year of planting, after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, use, except regulating the soil pH value with Cosan, Cosan is better with peat composed of rotten mosses mixing application effect, perhaps use pine needle to coordinate Cosan to be improved soil, pine needle wherein, original soil, muck, Cosan is according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, perhaps apply saw in soil not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein saw is not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the ratio of weight and number of liver moss and Cosan is 1:1:1:2,
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch that digs wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, the acid peat composed of rotten mosses of organic matter, if more than must first stacking January with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed fully after decomposing and re-use, as the employment domestic animals manure becomes thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot the to become thoroughly decomposed natural fertilizers of rear formation, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches more than 3%～5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: soil can carry out after covering seedling planting, by the covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5～10 centimetres, cover again 2 cm thicks every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if application is not rotted, need enrich 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, the sawdust decomposed rots, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce, cover the unregistered land film and can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improve ground temperature, preferably the orchard application of drip irrigation facility is being arranged, covering the unregistered land film is combined with the organic phase of covering before the better or field planting of effect and kills weeds with weed killer herbicide, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure Bai Sanye, the leguminous plants such as red clover, can cover field fully after March, can increase soil fertility again,
The covering used in cultivation has: it is wood chip that the % such as plastic film, straw, wood chip, liver moss, peat, bark, humus soil are used the most general covering at present, and the Coniferous sawdust that preferably becomes thoroughly decomposed and decompose, also often adopt husk, pine needle, bark etc. to make covering.
When the selected reproduction material, also can select three grades of bulbs; Three grades of bulbs will select diameter to be greater than the scale of 10mm in the strip off process.Although three grades of scales can not all utilize, but in the process of strip off when finding that ramentum is less than 10mm, just stop continuing to peel, remaining clove can be sowed to cultivation according to the standard of level Four bulb, so also improved the availability of three grades of scales.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) utilize scale to be bred, in reproductive process, utilize hormone to break dormancy and process, shortened the cultivation time, and the method for not cultivating by tissue, like this requirement of technology and environment reduced greatly, also saved cost.
(2) in utilizing the scale reproductive process, utilize GA to urge root and process, so also saved repoductive time.
(3) in breeding, each ramentum can differentiate 4-12 clove, and the availability of secondary and three grades of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosaes is improved greatly like this, and has improved its reproductive efficiency.
(4) adopt the method for non-harmful plantation seedling, make output increase, damage by disease and insect reduce, improve fertility.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
embodiment 1
(1) at first select after sieving and grading second-class bulb as the fibert size as propagating materials, bulb is placed in to 45 ℃ of warm water and soaks 90 minutes, after pulling out, in the cold water cooling, and then irradiate and disinfect in 20 minutes under the ultraviolet ray of 2500A wavelength; And then soak 20 minutes with breaking dormancy at 500 mg/L GA;
(2) the in layer strip off of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb that will disinfect, the size that will note observing scale in the process of strip off, when the diameter of scale is less than 10mm, just stop continuing to peel; The ramentum of selecting diameter to be greater than 10mm continues to soak 40 minutes in 45 ℃ of warm water, after pulling out, at cold water, lower the temperature, and then irradiation 10min disinfects under the ultraviolet ray of 2500A wave-length coverage; Matrix, after sterilization, is layered on scale on matrix, and then covers the matrix of 3cm on the scale top of completing, then put into the environment vernalization 50 days of 20 ℃, in the process of vernalization, want controlled light intensity at 1200lex, the moisture of matrix is 40%; Go up gradually and differentiate gradually clove at scale in this process; After the clove differentiated reaches more than 90%, then control temperature at 16 ℃, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1500lex, and to keep water supply in media content be 30%, continues to cultivate 70 days;
(3) at first the clove that breaks up out through above-mentioned process utilizes the NAA of 300mg/L GA and 250 mg/L to process to remove the dormancy of bulb; Then the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb is mixed and is placed in plastic sack with silt, the bulb surrounding is filled with the liver moss after sterilization, and humidity 50% left and right, then tie plastic sack, processes 25 d under 0 ℃ of dislocation refrigerator-freezer and again abolishes dormancy;
(4) will be through abolish Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove that dormancy processes 20 min that sterilize in potassium permanganate 0.1 % liquid, each clove that then will break up out strips down from stem, continue to process and impel clove to take root with 500mg/L GA, each clove that then will break up is out transplanted breeding; Cultural method is carried out according to conventional method.
embodiment 2
1, a kind of method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb Fast-propagation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) at first select after sieving and grading second-class bulb as the fibert size as propagating materials, bulb is placed in to 45 ℃ of warm water to be soaked 90 minutes, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiate and disinfect in 10 minutes under the ultraviolet ray of 2650A wave-length coverage; And then soak 30 minutes with breaking dormancy at 500 mg/L GA;
(2) the in layer strip off of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb that will disinfect, the size that will note observing scale in the process of strip off, when the diameter of scale is less than 10mm, just stop continuing to peel; Select diameter to be greater than the ramentum of 10mm, continue to soak 40 minutes in 45 ℃ of warm water, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiation 5min disinfects under the ultraviolet ray of 2650A wave-length coverage; Matrix, after sterilization, is layered on scale on matrix, and then covers the matrix of 4cm on the scale top of completing, then put into the environment vernalization 40 days of 25 ℃, in the process of vernalization, want controlled light intensity at 1400lex, the moisture of matrix is 50%; Go up gradually and differentiate gradually clove at scale in this process; After the clove differentiated reaches more than 90%, then control temperature at 20 ℃, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1700lex, and to keep water supply in media content be 40%, continues to cultivate 40 days;
(3) at first the clove that breaks up out through above-mentioned process utilizes the NAA of 300mg/L GA and 250 mg/L to process to remove the dormancy of bulb; Then the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb is mixed and is placed in plastic sack with silt, the bulb surrounding is filled with the liver moss after sterilization, and humidity 50% left and right, then tie plastic sack, processes 25 d under 0 ℃ of dislocation refrigerator-freezer and again abolishes dormancy;
(4) will be through abolish Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove that dormancy processes 20 min that sterilize in potassium permanganate 0.1 % liquid, each clove that then will break up out strips down from stem, continue to process and impel clove to take root with 500mg/L GA, each clove that then will break up is out transplanted breeding; Cultural method is carried out according to conventional method.
embodiment 3
(1) at first select after sieving and grading third-class bulb as the fibert size as propagating materials, bulb is placed in to 45 ℃ of warm water to be soaked 90 minutes, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiate and disinfect in 10 minutes under the ultraviolet ray of 2500A wave-length coverage; And then soak 30 minutes with breaking dormancy at 500 mg/L GA;
(2) the in layer strip off of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb that will disinfect, the size that will note observing scale in the process of strip off, when the diameter of scale is less than 10mm, just stop continuing to peel; Select diameter to be greater than the ramentum of 10mm, continue to soak 30 minutes in 45 ℃ of warm water, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiation 10min disinfects under the ultraviolet ray of 2500A wave-length coverage; Matrix, after sterilization, is layered on scale on matrix, and then covers the matrix of 3cm on the scale top of completing, then put into the environment vernalization 50 days of 25 ℃, in the process of vernalization, want controlled light intensity at 1400lex, the moisture of matrix is 40%; Go up gradually and differentiate gradually clove at scale in this process; After the clove differentiated reaches more than 90%, then control temperature between 16 ℃, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1700lex, and to keep water supply in media content be 40%, continues to cultivate 60 days;
(3) at first the clove that breaks up out through above-mentioned process utilizes the NAA of 300mg/L GA and 250 mg/L to process to remove the dormancy of bulb; Then the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb is mixed and is placed in plastic sack with silt, the bulb surrounding is filled with the liver moss after sterilization, and humidity 50% left and right, then tie plastic sack, processes 25 d under 0 ℃ of dislocation refrigerator-freezer and again abolishes dormancy;
(4) will be through abolish Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove that dormancy processes 20 min that sterilize in potassium permanganate 0.1 % liquid, each clove that then will break up out strips down from stem, continue to process and impel clove to take root with 500mg/L GA, each clove that then will break up is out transplanted breeding; Cultural method is carried out according to conventional method.
Embodiment 4:
The method of the nuisanceless production of a kind of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) at first select after sieving and grading second-class bulb as the fibert size as propagating materials, bulb is placed in to 45 ℃ of warm water to be soaked 90 minutes, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiate and disinfect in 10-20 minute under the ultraviolet ray of 2500-2650A wave-length coverage; And then soak 20-30 minute with breaking dormancy at 500 mg/L GA;
(2) the in layer strip off of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb that will disinfect, the size that will note observing scale in the process of strip off, when the diameter of scale is less than 10mm, just stop continuing to peel; Select diameter to be greater than the ramentum of 10mm, continue to soak 30-40 minute in 45 ℃ of warm water, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiation 5-10min disinfects under the ultraviolet ray of 2500-2650A wave-length coverage; By matrix through the sterilization after, scale is layered on matrix, and then covers the matrix of 3-4cm on the scale top of completing, then put into the environment vernalization 40-50 days of 20-25 ℃, in the process of vernalization, want controlled light intensity at 1200-1400lex, the moisture of matrix is at 40-50%; Go up gradually and differentiate gradually clove at scale in this process; After the clove differentiated reaches more than 90%, then control temperature between 16-20 ℃, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1500-1700lex, and to keep water supply in media content be 30-40%, continues to cultivate 40-70 days;
(3) at first the clove that breaks up out through above-mentioned process utilizes the NAA of 300mg/L GA and 250 mg/L to process to remove the dormancy of bulb; Then the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb is mixed and is placed in plastic sack with silt, the bulb surrounding is filled with the liver moss after sterilization, and humidity 50% left and right, then tie plastic sack, processes 25 d under 0 ℃ of dislocation refrigerator-freezer and again abolishes dormancy;
(4) will be through abolish Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove that dormancy processes 20 min that sterilize in potassium permanganate 0.1 % liquid, each clove that then will break up out strips down from stem, continue to process and impel clove to take root with 500mg/L GA, each clove that then will break up is out transplanted breeding;
(5) the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove in step (4) is transplanted breeding: newly-built Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae garden, the gradient is no more than 10 °, soil pH value 5. 0～6. 5, soil organic matter content 15%, earth is loose, drainage performance is good, sufficient water source is arranged, after building the field point and choosing, to plant and be ploughed deeply the previous year the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove, 40～50 centimetres of ploughing depths, remove stone after ploughing deeply slaking, grass roots, the hardwood piece, and ground is further smooth, to play high flat furrow behind whole good ground, furrow are played in general north-south, terraced fields are along the whole furrow of ridge direction, furrow are apart from 2. 0～2. 4 meters, the furrow face is high 10～30 centimetres, wide by 1. 5～1. 8 meters, furrow furrow width 0. 5～0. 6 meter, at middle 1 row of planting of furrow face, set drain ditch simultaneously, if the soil pH value is higher, in the time of need to executing the Cosan adjusting, can in conjunction with ploughing deeply with whole ground, carry out in the previous year of planting simultaneously,
Regulate the soil pH value: when the soil pH value need to be adjusted, the soil pH value of just need to taking measures to reduce, the most frequently used method is that soil is executed Cosan, while applying Cosan, in conjunction with whole, carry out in the previous year of planting, after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, use, except regulating the soil pH value with Cosan, Cosan is better with peat composed of rotten mosses mixing application effect, perhaps use pine needle to coordinate Cosan to be improved soil, pine needle wherein, original soil, muck, Cosan is according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, perhaps apply saw in soil not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein saw is not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the ratio of weight and number of liver moss and Cosan is 1:1:1:2,
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch that digs wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, the acid peat composed of rotten mosses of organic matter, if more than must first stacking January with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed fully after decomposing and re-use, as the employment domestic animals manure becomes thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot the to become thoroughly decomposed natural fertilizers of rear formation, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches more than 3%～5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: soil can carry out after covering seedling planting, by the covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5～10 centimetres, cover again 2 cm thicks every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if application is not rotted, need enrich 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, the sawdust decomposed rots, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce, cover the unregistered land film and can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improve ground temperature, preferably the orchard application of drip irrigation facility is being arranged, covering the unregistered land film is combined with the organic phase of covering before the better or field planting of effect and kills weeds with weed killer herbicide, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure Bai Sanye, the leguminous plants such as red clover, can cover field fully after March, can increase soil fertility again,
The covering used in cultivation has: it is wood chip that the % such as plastic film, straw, wood chip, liver moss, peat, bark, humus soil are used the most general covering at present, and the Coniferous sawdust that preferably becomes thoroughly decomposed and decompose, also often adopt husk, pine needle, bark etc. to make covering.
The formation rate of callus reaches more than 90%, and the propagation multiple has surpassed 7 times, and rooting rate has reached more than 96%, and final transplanting survival rate has reached more than 94%, and plant strain growth is vigorous.Adopt the method for non-harmful plantation seedling, make that output increases by 20% or more, the Pest management rate improves 15%, improved fertility, saving fertilizer 11%.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the method for the nuisanceless production of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) at first select after sieving and grading second-class bulb as the fibert size as propagating materials, bulb is placed in to 45 ℃ of warm water to be soaked 90 minutes, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiate and disinfect in 10-20 minute under the ultraviolet ray of 2500-2650A wave-length coverage; And then soak 20-30 minute with breaking dormancy at 500 mg/L GA;
(2) the in layer strip off of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb that will disinfect, the size that will note observing scale in the process of strip off, when the diameter of scale is less than 10mm, just stop continuing to peel; Select diameter to be greater than the ramentum of 10mm, continue to soak 30-40 minute in 45 ℃ of warm water, lower the temperature at cold water after pulling out, and then irradiation 5-10min disinfects under the ultraviolet ray of 2500-2650A wave-length coverage; By matrix through the sterilization after, scale is layered on matrix, and then covers the matrix of 3-4cm on the scale top of completing, then put into the environment vernalization 40-50 days of 20-25 ℃, in the process of vernalization, want controlled light intensity at 1200-1400lex, the moisture of matrix is at 40-50%; Go up gradually and differentiate gradually clove at scale in this process; After the clove differentiated reaches more than 90%, then control temperature between 16-20 ℃, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1500-1700lex, and to keep water supply in media content be 30-40%, continues to cultivate 40-70 days;
(3) at first the clove that breaks up out through above-mentioned process utilizes the NAA of 300mg/L GA and 250 mg/L to process to remove the dormancy of bulb; Then the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulb is mixed and is placed in plastic sack with silt, the bulb surrounding is filled with the liver moss after sterilization, and humidity 50% left and right, then tie plastic sack, processes 25 d under 0 ℃ of dislocation refrigerator-freezer and again abolishes dormancy;
(4) will be through abolish Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove that dormancy processes 20 min that sterilize in potassium permanganate 0.1 % liquid, each clove that then will break up out strips down from stem, continue to process and impel clove to take root with 500mg/L GA, each clove that then will break up is out transplanted breeding;
(5) the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove in step (4) is transplanted breeding: newly-built Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae garden, the gradient is no more than 10 °, soil pH value 5. 0～6. 5, soil organic matter content 15%, earth is loose, drainage performance is good, sufficient water source is arranged, after building the field point and choosing, to plant and be ploughed deeply the previous year the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clove, 40～50 centimetres of ploughing depths, remove stone after ploughing deeply slaking, grass roots, the hardwood piece, and ground is further smooth, to play high flat furrow behind whole good ground, furrow are played in general north-south, terraced fields are along the whole furrow of ridge direction, furrow are apart from 2. 0～2. 4 meters, the furrow face is high 10～30 centimetres, wide by 1. 5～1. 8 meters, furrow furrow width 0. 5～0. 6 meter, at middle 1 row of planting of furrow face, set drain ditch simultaneously, if the soil pH value is higher, in the time of need to executing the Cosan adjusting, can in conjunction with ploughing deeply with whole ground, carry out in the previous year of planting simultaneously,
Regulate the soil pH value: when the soil pH value need to be adjusted, the soil pH value of just need to taking measures to reduce, the most frequently used method is that soil is executed Cosan, while applying Cosan, in conjunction with whole, carry out in the previous year of planting, after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, use, except regulating the soil pH value with Cosan, Cosan is better with peat composed of rotten mosses mixing application effect, perhaps use pine needle to coordinate Cosan to be improved soil, pine needle wherein, original soil, muck, Cosan is according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, perhaps apply saw in soil not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein saw is not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the ratio of weight and number of liver moss and Cosan is 1:1:1:2,
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch that digs wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, the acid peat composed of rotten mosses of organic matter, if more than must first stacking January with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed fully after decomposing and re-use, as the employment domestic animals manure becomes thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot the to become thoroughly decomposed natural fertilizers of rear formation, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches more than 3%～5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: soil can carry out after covering seedling planting, by the covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5～10 centimetres, cover again 2 cm thicks every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if application is not rotted, need enrich 50% nitrogenous fertilizer, the sawdust decomposed rots, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce, cover the unregistered land film and can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improve ground temperature, preferably the orchard application of drip irrigation facility is being arranged, covering the unregistered land film is combined with the organic phase of covering before the better or field planting of effect and kills weeds with weed killer herbicide, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure Bai Sanye, the leguminous plants such as red clover, can cover field fully after March, can increase soil fertility again,
The covering used in cultivation has: it is wood chip that the % such as plastic film, straw, wood chip, liver moss, peat, bark, humus soil are used the most general covering at present, and the Coniferous sawdust that preferably becomes thoroughly decomposed and decompose, also often adopt husk, pine needle, bark etc. to make covering.
2. the method for a kind of nuisanceless production according to claim 1, its propagating materials can be also three grades of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bulbs, three grades of bulbs will select diameter to be greater than the scale of 10mm in the strip off process.
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| CN114158446A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-11 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Method for bulb split propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb |
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Application publication date: 20131211 |