CN114158446A - Method for bulb split propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb - Google Patents
Method for bulb split propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb Download PDFInfo
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- CN114158446A CN114158446A CN202111460207.3A CN202111460207A CN114158446A CN 114158446 A CN114158446 A CN 114158446A CN 202111460207 A CN202111460207 A CN 202111460207A CN 114158446 A CN114158446 A CN 114158446A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for bulb split propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method sequentially comprises four steps of selection and arrangement of a planting base, selection and planting of seed bulbs, field management and timely harvesting; wherein: the selection steps of the seed bulbs are as follows: selecting bulbs with the diameter of 3-5 cm, uniform size, fullness, completeness, freshness, health and no disease spot; the split bulb processing steps comprise: cutting the seeds into a plurality of petals longitudinally according to the diameter of the bulbs, and reserving the bulb plates; then the bulb after being cut into the valve is sequentially placed in pyraclostrobin diluent and naphthylacetic acid diluent for soaking. According to the method for propagating the fritillaria hupehensis bulb, provided by the invention, the fritillaria hupehensis bulb is planted under the magnolia officinalis forest in a split-bulb manner, so that illumination required by the growth of the fritillaria hupehensis is not influenced, and the fritillaria hupehensis can be shaded after the fritillaria hupehensis is transplanted, and the method has the advantages of reducing temperature and preserving moisture, reducing weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, improving the propagation coefficient, reducing the production cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, relates to an artificial cultivation technology of Hubei fritillary bulb, and more particularly relates to a bulb split propagation method of Hubei fritillary bulb.
Background
Fritillaria hupehensis (Fritillaria hupehensis), also called Ebei, Babei, Jiabei, Fengbei, is mainly distributed in the west and west of Hubei, and also has small amount in the east of Sichuan, west and west of Hunan, Anhui, Henan. The underground bulb is used as a medicine, is bitter and cool in taste, enters lung and heart channels, has the effects of clearing heat, moistening lung, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, and is used for treating heat phlegm cough, yin deficiency, lung dryness, subcutaneous nodule scrofula, lung carbuncle, sore and other diseases.
The Hubei fritillary bulb has 2 modes of seed propagation and bulb propagation. Because the seed reproduction germination rate is low, the growth period is long and the effect is slow, the bulb reproduction is mostly adopted in the production. Generally, bulbs with the diameter of 1.0-3.0 cm are selected as seeds from the seedling falling of the fritillaria hupehensis to the summer, and the bulbs with the undersize (the diameter is less than 1.0cm) have weak growth potential and long growth period, so that the fritillaria hupehensis is not suitable for seed production; the production cost of the overlarge bulbs (the diameter is more than 3cm) is high, the investment is large, the large bulbs are planted in a mode of dividing into two parts in the production, and if the diseases such as root rot/soft rot of the bulbs are frequently generated in high-temperature and high-humidity weather, severe bulbs are in failure to produce. In addition, the big and small bulbs are mixed in the bulb digging process, the seed selection is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the selection of superior seeds is not facilitated, so the propagation research of the Hubei fritillaria is developed in China successively. ZL201210051555.X (a production method of Hubei fritillary bulb) and ZL201310211116.5 (a method for rapidly propagating Hubei fritillary bulb by utilizing a tissue culture technology) propagate Hubei fritillary bulb by utilizing a clonal tissue culture technology, the propagation coefficient is higher, although the problems of transplanting survival rate, diseases and the like of seedlings are solved, a large amount of reagents and higher test skills are needed, the operation steps are complex, the cost is higher, and the large-area popularization and application in production are difficult. CN202010708081.6 (a method for ecologically cultivating Hubei fritillary by forest land selection, seedling transplantation, production management, timely harvest and the like) carries out ecological cultivation technical research on Hubei fritillary by forest land selection, seedling transplantation, production management and the like, the Hubei fritillary bulb with the diameter of less than 2.5cm is longitudinally cut into 2-4 petals, the Hubei fritillary bulb with the diameter of more than 2.5cm is longitudinally cut into 5-8 blocks, and the row spacing of the dibbled seed petals is 15cm 10 cm.
The present application is proposed for the above reasons.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems or drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for bulb division propagation of fritillaria hupehensis, which solves or at least partially solves the above technical drawbacks of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
a method for bulb split-propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb sequentially comprises four steps of selection and arrangement of a planting base, selection and planting of a seed bulb, field management and timely harvesting;
the selection and arrangement of the planting bases specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of a planting base: selecting a magnolia officinalis forest with an altitude of 1200-1800 m and a canopy closure degree of 5-9 months of more than 0.8 as a planting base;
(2) soil type: selecting non-continuous cropping soil which is rich in humus, loose and fertile and has good drainage;
(3) arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under mangnolia officinalis forests in a planting base, digging the land, spreading bio-organic fertilizer, raking uniformly, mixing with the soil, raking flat along the mountains to form furrows, forming shallow ditches, and forming waist ditches and surrounding ditches according to the terrain and actual planting plots;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulb specifically comprises:
(i) selection of seed bulbs: selecting bulbs with the diameter of 3-5 cm, uniform size, fullness, completeness, freshness, health and no disease spot;
(ii) treatment of split bulbs: cutting the seeds into a plurality of petals longitudinally according to the diameter of the bulbs, and reserving the bulb plates; then placing the cut bulbs in pyraclostrobin diluent and naphthylacetic acid diluent in sequence for soaking, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) planting split bulbs: after autumn comes up, uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs treated in the step (ii) to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, covering soil and cleaning ditches;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) clearing ditches: in the next 1-2 months, the fallen leaves of the mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch are timely cleaned, and the ditch is cleaned;
(b) weeding: manually weeding in time from the late seedling period of Fritillaria Hubei to 10 middle ten days of the month;
(c) topdressing: in 11 ten days to 12 days in the middle of the month, spreading a biological organic fertilizer on the compartment surface, and cleaning soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; planting for 3-4 months in the third year, spraying leaf fertilizer according to the growth vigor, and dressing for 2-3 times at intervals of more than 10 days;
(d) and (3) pest and disease prevention: if the disease occurs, using difenoconazole diluent or iprodione-fluazinam diluent to prevent and treat;
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
and harvesting the plants after the early 6 months of the late 5 months of the third year after planting after withering or after the early autumn.
Furthermore, in the magnolia officinalis forest in the step (1) of the technical scheme, the age of the magnolia officinalis is preferably 10 years or more.
Furthermore, in the step (1) of the technical scheme, the row spacing of the magnolia officinalis plants is preferably more than 2m multiplied by 3 m.
Further, in the step (3) of the technical scheme, the digging depth of the soil is 20-30 cm.
Further, in the step (3) of the technical scheme, the spreading amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 120-200 kg/666.7m2Preferably 160kg/666.7m2。
Further, in the step (3) of the technical scheme, the furrow width is 100-150 cm, and the furrow width is 20-40 cm.
Preferably, in the step (3) of the technical scheme, the furrow width is 120cm, and the furrow width is 30 cm.
Specifically, in the step (i) of the technical scheme, the large bulb with the diameter of 3-5 cm is selected as the seed bulb, and the seed selection process is simple and easy to implement. In the prior art, medium-diameter bulbs are adopted as seed bulbs, and large and medium small bulbs are mixed in the process of digging the bulbs, so that the seed selection is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the selection of superior seeds is not facilitated.
Further, in the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the seed bulbs are longitudinally cut into 12-20 petals according to the diameter, and the diameter of the divided bulbs is not less than 0.3 cm.
Specifically, in the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the fritillaria hupehensis seed bulbs are produced by cutting the fritillaria hupehensis large bulbs into a plurality of petals, the propagation coefficient can reach 6-14, and compared with the prior art, the propagation coefficient of fritillaria hupehensis is greatly improved by a non-petal-cutting propagation method.
Further, in the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the pyraclostrobin diluent is obtained by uniformly diluting 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent with water to 300-800 times, and preferably diluting with water to 500 times.
Further, in the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the soaking time of the cut bulbs in the pyraclostrobin diluent is 0.5-2 h, and preferably 1 h.
Further, in the step (ii) in the above technical solution, the naphthylacetic acid diluent is obtained by diluting naphthylacetic acid with water by 500-1500 times, and preferably 1000 times.
Further, in the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the soaking time of the cut bulbs in the naphthylacetic acid diluent is 20-40 min, and preferably 30 min.
In the step (ii), the pyraclostrobin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, and has higher antibacterial activity than carbendazim in the prior art, and the effect is better in the non-morbidity or early morbidity, so that the seed soaking effect by using the pyraclostrobin is better. In addition, the pyraclostrobin antibacterial agent and the rooting agent (naphthylacetic acid) are synergistically acted, so that the survival rate of the caladium Hubei split bulb is greatly improved.
Further, in the step (iii) of the technical scheme, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-5 cm.
Further, in the step (iii) of the above technical means, the soil for covering the compartment surface is preferably soil finely divided in the trench.
Further, in the step (iii) of the above technical solution, the shallow trench is cleaned to a trench depth of 15-25 cm.
Specifically, in the step (iii) of the technical scheme, the split bulbs are planted after the beginning of autumn, so that the weather of high temperature and high humidity can be avoided, and the survival rate of the seedlings can be improved. In the prior art, the seeds are planted in 6-7 months, and the seeds are easy to damage and rot if the seeds are improperly planted in a high-temperature and high-humidity season in a positive value of 6-7 months.
Further, in the step (c) of the technical scheme, the spreading amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 80-120 kg/666.7m2More preferably 100kg/666.7m2。
Furthermore, in the steps (3) and (c) of the technical scheme, the number of effective viable bacteria (bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and lactobacillus plantarum) in the bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0%.
Further, in the step (c) of the technical scheme, the foliar fertilizer adopts a diluent of a high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer, and the diluent is obtained by diluting the high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer with water to 500-1500 times, preferably 1000 times; wherein: the high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer has the main technical indexes that: p2O5：500g/L；K2O：70g/L；Mg：65g/L。
Further, in the step (c) of the technical scheme, the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is 50-75 mL/666.7m2。
Specifically, in the step (d) of the technical scheme, the diseases refer to stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like.
Further, in the step (d) of the technical scheme, the difenoconazole diluent is obtained by diluting 10% of difenoconazole (water dispersible granules) by 500-1500 times with water. The application amount of the difenoconazole diluent is 30-60 g/666.7m2Preferably 40g/666.7m2。
Further, in the step (d) of the above technical solution, the iprodione-fluazinam diluent is obtained by diluting 40% iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent with water by 500-1500 times, preferably 1000 timesAnd (4) doubling. The application amount of the iprodione-fluazinam diluent is 30-60 g/666.7m2Preferably 40g/666.7m2。
Specifically, in the step (IV), the plant is harvested after the overground plant withers or after the early autumn in the 5 th ten days of the third year, the length of the bulb can reach 1-2 cm, and high-quality bulb seeds can be provided for production. The bulbs are not damaged as much as possible when the product is harvested so as not to influence the quality of the product.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method for bulb split propagation of the fritillaria hupehensis provided by the invention, the fritillaria hupehensis is planted under a magnolia officinalis forest in a split manner, the fritillaria hupehensis is favored to be warm and moist, the growing period is short, seedlings begin to be poured in the middle and last ten days of the growing period of 2-4 months, and the underground bulbs continue to expand after the seedlings are poured; magnolia officinalis generally sprouts in the middle ten days of 4 months, leaves and flowers grow and open simultaneously in the last ten days of 5 months, and leaves begin to fall in 10 months; in the growth period of the fritillaria Hupehensis, the magnolia officinalis does not show leaf blooming, and at the moment, the illumination required by the growth of the fritillaria Hupehensis is not influenced. After the fritillaria hupehensis is rewarded, because the magnolia officinalis has developed leaves and blooms, a cool and humid environment can be provided for the fritillaria hupehensis, the growth period of the fritillaria hupehensis can be prolonged by 5-10 d, and meanwhile, the advantages of reducing weeds and plant diseases and insect pests are achieved.
(2) The propagation coefficient of the bulbar bulbus fritillariae Hubei propagation method provided by the invention is about 6-14, and is improved by 3-6 times compared with the traditional propagation method.
(3) The bulblet propagation method of the fritillaria Hupehensis provided by the invention generally selects large bulblets with the length of 3-5 cm as seed bulblets, and the seed selection process is simple and easy to operate; the diameter of the collected 60% of bulbs is larger than 1cm, and the bulbs can be used as high-quality bulb seeds; if 10000 high-quality bulbs are produced, in the prior art, the bulbs with the diameter of 1.0-3.0 cm are generally selected as seeds, the planting density is 5cm x 10cm, the propagation coefficient for three years of planting is 2, 5000 bulbs are needed, the seed consumption is 20-24 kg, the seed consumption is 12 yuan/kg, and the cost of the bulbs is about 240-288 yuan, but by utilizing the bulblet propagation method of the fritillaria hupehensis, the seed consumption is 14-24 kg, the price of the large bulbs is lower than that of the medium bulbs, the cost of the bulbs is about 112-192 yuan when 8 yuan/kg is used, and the production cost is reduced by about 30-50%.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples. The present invention is implemented on the premise of the technology of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific procedures are given to illustrate the inventive aspects of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In 2019-2021, the inventor sets planting bases in a Chinese medicinal plant garden (109 degrees 46 '41' E, 30 degrees 11 '56' N, the altitude is 1600m) -Magnolia officinalis park, belongs to subtropical monsoon and monsoon humid climates, and has the advantages of annual humidity, abundant rainfall, annual rainfall capacity of 1400-1500 mm, annual temperature of 16 ℃, frost-free period of 282 days, annual sunshine hours of 1300 hours, relative humidity of 82%, soil of yellow brown soil, and organic matter of plough layer soil of 44.23 g/kg-1180.60 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen-1Quick-acting phosphorus 3.68 mg/kg-1Quick-acting potassium 111.60 mg/kg-1. The tree age of the Magnolia officinalis forest is more than 10a, the plant-row spacing is more than 2m multiplied by 3m, and the canopy closure degree is more than 0.8 between 5 months and 9 months. Removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the soil for 20-30 cm, and spreading 160-200 kg/666.7m of bio-organic fertilizer2Raking uniformly and mixing with soil; harrowing is smooth, mountain ridges are made, the ridge width is 100-150 cm, the furrow width is 20-40 cm, shallow trenches are formed, the planting area of each test cell is 6.67m2。
Test materials: and on the 2 nd 9 th month in 2019, digging in a Huazhong medicinal plant garden, selecting full and complete, fresh and healthy bulbs without disease and insect spots, digging and planting at present, and not suitable for storage.
Test agents and fertilizers: 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu), naphthylacetic acid (Guoguang), high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer (Xiojian), 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule (Shigao), 40% iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent (Mingdi), and bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0%, and effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g).
The method for calculating the propagation coefficient of the bulbs of the high-quality seeds, which is related in the following embodiments, comprises the following steps:
according to the method provided by the invention, the plant is harvested after withering or after autumn begins at 6 months early in the last 5 months of the third year, and the bulbs with the diameter of 1-3 cm (the bulbs with the diameter of less than 1cm and more than 3cm are not counted) are high-quality seed bulbs. Taking 500 bulbs with the diameter of 3.0-3.5 cm as an example, which are longitudinally cut into 12 petals, harvesting 3800 high-quality bulbs after the bulbs are harvested at the beginning of 6 months in the third year after planting, wherein the propagation coefficient is 3800/500-7.6.
Example 1
The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the soil by 20-30 cm, broadcasting a biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0 percent, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g), and applying the fertilizer at a rate of 160kg/666.7m2Raking uniformly and mixing with soil; harrowing the mountain smoothly to form a furrow with the width of 120cm and the width of the ditch of 30cm, and forming a shallow ditch;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulb specifically comprises:
(i) selection of seed bulbs: at the bottom of 8 months, digging and planting bulbs on sunny days, and selecting the bulbs with the diameters of 3.0-3.5 cm, uniform sizes, egg-shaped or oblate shapes, plumpness, integrity, freshness, health and no disease spot; the number of the selected bulbs is 500, and the total mass of the bulbs is 5.54 kg;
(ii) treatment of split bulbs: longitudinally cutting the just-excavated seed bulb selected in the step (i) into 12 petals, and keeping the bulb plates, wherein the diameter of the divided scales is more than 0.3 cm; soaking the cut bulbs into 500 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu) for 1h, then transferring into 1000 times of diluent of naphthylacetic acid for soaking for 30min, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) planting split bulbs: after autumn, planting on sunny days: uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, wherein the split bulbs are preferably not overlapped; finely preparing soil in the ditch, covering the ditch on the surface of the compartment, covering the soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm, slightly pressing to enable the split bulbs to be tightly attached to the soil, and finally cleaning the ditch to the depth of 20 cm;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) clearing ditches: in 1 month of 2020, timely cleaning fallen leaves of mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch, and cleaning the ditch;
(b) weeding: weeds are manually removed in time; in 10-month middle ten days after the seedling of the Hubei fritillary bulb is fallen, because the canopy density is higher in thick forests, weeds are less compared with open-air planting, a chemical herbicide is not recommended, and manual weeding is required in time; the seedling leaves are mainly one piece of leaves (the 'chicken tongue' stage)
(c) Topdressing: in the last 11 th-middle 12 th month, biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0%, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g) is broadcast on the compartment surface, and the application amount is 100kg/666.7m2Cleaning the soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; in the 3-4 month seedling stage in 2021, more than 80% of seedlings are in a four-flat-head stage, and have obvious main stems, dense upper leaves and a cross shape; spraying 1000 times of diluent of high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount is 50mL/666.7m each time2Dressing twice at intervals of 10d each time;
d) and (3) pest and disease prevention: generally, the disease and insect pest of intercropping Hubei fritillary bulb in magnolia officinalis forest are less, if diseases such as stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like occur, 1000 times of diluent of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule is sprayed, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m2(ii) a The root is irrigated with 1000 times of diluent of 40 percent iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent (Mingdi) for preventing and treating, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m2；
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
at the beginning of 6 months in 2021, the fritillaria Hubei is harvested after seedling inversion, the density of the bulbs is about 3cm by 3cm, the number of the bulbs with the diameter larger than 1.0cm is about 3800, the bulbs account for 65.6 percent of the total bulbs, the total yield of the bulbs is 6.92kg (fresh weight), and the propagation coefficient of the high-quality bulb is 7.6.
Example 2
The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the soil by 20-30 cm, broadcasting a biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0 percent, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g), and applying the fertilizer at an application rate of 180kg/666.7m2Raking uniformly and mixing with soil; harrowing mountain making bedThe width is 100cm, the trench width is 20cm, and a shallow trench is formed;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulb specifically comprises:
(i) selection of seed bulbs: at the bottom of 8 months, digging and planting bulbs on sunny days, and selecting the bulbs with the diameters of 4.0-4.5 cm, uniform sizes, egg-shaped or oblate shapes, plumpness, integrity, freshness, health and no disease spot; the number of the selected bulbs is 300, and the total mass of the bulbs is 6.11 kg;
(ii) treatment of split bulbs: longitudinally cutting the just-excavated seed bulbs selected in the step (i) into 20 petals, and keeping the bulb plates, wherein the diameters of the petals after the petals are divided are more than 0.3 cm; soaking the cut bulbs into 500 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu) for 1h, then transferring into 1000 times of diluent of naphthylacetic acid for soaking for 30min, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) planting split bulbs: after autumn, planting on sunny days: uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, wherein the split bulbs are preferably not overlapped; finely preparing soil in the ditch, covering the ditch on the surface of the compartment, covering the soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm, slightly pressing to enable the split bulbs to be tightly attached to the soil, and finally cleaning the ditch to the depth of 20 cm;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) clearing ditches: in 1 month of 2020, timely cleaning fallen leaves of mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch, and cleaning the ditch;
(b) weeding: weeds are manually removed in time; in 10-month middle ten days after the seedling of the Hubei fritillary bulb is fallen, because the canopy density is higher in thick forests, weeds are less compared with open-air planting, a chemical herbicide is not recommended, and manual weeding is required in time; after emergence, the leaf is mainly a piece of leaf (the "chick tongue" stage);
(c) topdressing: in the last 11 th-middle 12 th month, biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0%, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g) is broadcast on the compartment surface, and the application amount is 100kg/666.7m2Cleaning the soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; in the 3-4 month seedling stage in 2021, more than 80% of seedlings are in a four-flat-head stage, and have obvious main stems, dense upper leaves and a cross shape; spraying 1000 times of diluent of high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces every timeThe secondary spraying amount is 75mL/666.7m2Dressing twice at intervals of 10d each time;
d) and (3) pest and disease prevention: generally, the disease and insect pest of intercropping Hubei fritillary bulb in magnolia officinalis forest are less, if diseases such as stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like occur, 1000 times of diluent of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule is sprayed, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m2(ii) a The root is irrigated with 1000 times of diluent of 40 percent iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent for prevention and control, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m2；
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
at the beginning of 6 months in 2021, the fritillaria Hubei is collected and dug after seedling inversion, the density of the bulbs is about 2.8cm by 2.8cm, the number of the bulbs with the diameter larger than 1.0cm is about 4300, the bulbs account for 71.8 percent of the total bulbs, the total yield of the bulbs is 6.37kg (fresh weight), and the propagation coefficient of the high-quality bulb is about 14.
Example 3
The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the soil by 20-30 cm, broadcasting a biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0 percent, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g), and applying the fertilizer at the application rate of 200kg/666.7m2Raking uniformly and mixing with soil; harrowing the mountain smoothly to form a furrow with the width of 150cm and the width of the ditch of 40cm, and forming a shallow ditch;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulb specifically comprises:
(i) selection of seed bulbs: at the bottom of 8 months, digging and planting bulbs on sunny days, and selecting the bulbs with the diameters of 3.0-3.5 cm, uniform sizes, egg-shaped or oblate shapes, plumpness, integrity, freshness, health and no disease spot; the number of the selected bulbs is 400, and the total mass of the bulbs is 5.52 kg;
(ii) treatment of split bulbs: longitudinally cutting the just-excavated seed bulbs selected in the step (i) into 15 petals, and keeping the bulb plates, wherein the diameters of the petals after the petals are divided are larger than 0.3 cm; soaking the cut bulbs into 500 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu) for 0.5h, then transferring into 1000 times of diluent of naphthylacetic acid for soaking for 40min, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) planting split bulbs: after autumn, planting on sunny days: uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, wherein the split bulbs are preferably not overlapped; finely preparing soil in the ditch, covering the ditch on the surface of the compartment, covering the soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm, slightly pressing to enable the split bulbs to be tightly attached to the soil, and finally cleaning the ditch to the depth of 20 cm;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) clearing ditches: in 1 month of 2020, timely cleaning fallen leaves of mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch, and cleaning the ditch;
(b) weeding: weeds are manually removed in time; in 10-month middle ten days after the seedling of the Hubei fritillary bulb is fallen, because the canopy density is higher in thick forests, weeds are less compared with open-air planting, a chemical herbicide is not recommended, and manual weeding is required in time; after emergence, the leaf is mainly a piece of leaf (the "chick tongue" stage);
(c) topdressing: in the last 11 th-middle 12 th month, commercial organic fertilizer 80kg/666.7m is broadcast on the compartment surface2Cleaning the soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; in the 3-4 month seedling stage in 2021, more than 80% of seedlings are in a four-flat-head stage, and have obvious main stems, dense upper leaves and a cross shape; spraying 1000-time diluent of the high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount is 6mL/666.7m each time2Applying the fertilizer for three times at intervals of 10d each time;
d) and (3) pest and disease prevention: generally, the disease and insect pest of intercropping Hubei fritillary bulb in magnolia officinalis forest are less, if diseases such as stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like occur, 1000 times of diluent of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule is sprayed, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m2The root is irrigated with 1000 times of diluent of 40 percent iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent (Mingdi) for prevention and control, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m2；
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
at the beginning of 6 months in 2021, the fritillaria Hubei is collected and dug after seedling falling, the density of the bulbs is about 3.1cm by 3.1cm, the number of the bulbs with the diameter larger than 1.0cm is about 3500, the bulbs account for 64.5 percent of the total bulbs, the total yield of the bulbs is 5.27kg (fresh weight), and the propagation coefficient of the bulbs of high-quality seeds is about 8.75.
Example 4
The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the soil 20-30 cm, and broadcasting commercial organic fertilizer 180kg/666.7m2Raking uniformly and mixing with soil; harrowing the mountain smoothly to form a furrow with the width of 120cm and the width of the ditch of 30cm, and forming a shallow ditch;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulb specifically comprises:
(i) selection of seed bulbs: at the bottom of 8 months, digging and planting bulbs on sunny days, and selecting the bulbs with the diameters of 4.0-5.0 cm, uniform sizes, egg-shaped or oblate shapes, plumpness, integrity, freshness, health and no disease spot; the number of the selected bulbs is 500, and the total mass of the bulbs is 14.2 kg;
(ii) treatment of split bulbs: longitudinally cutting the just-excavated seed bulbs selected in the step (i) into 15 petals, and keeping the bulb plates, wherein the diameters of the petals after the petals are divided are larger than 0.3 cm; soaking the cut bulbs into 500 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu) for 2h, then soaking in 1000 times of diluent of naphthylacetic acid for 20min, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) planting split bulbs: after autumn, planting on sunny days: uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, wherein the split bulbs are preferably not overlapped; finely preparing soil in the ditch, covering the ditch on the surface of the compartment, covering the soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm, slightly pressing to enable the split bulbs to be tightly attached to the soil, and finally cleaning the ditch to the depth of 20 cm;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) clearing ditches: in 1 month of 2020, timely cleaning fallen leaves of mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch, and cleaning the ditch;
(b) weeding: weeds are manually removed in time; in 10-month middle ten days after the seedling of the Hubei fritillary bulb is fallen, because the canopy density is higher in thick forests, weeds are less compared with open-air planting, a chemical herbicide is not recommended, and manual weeding is required in time; after emergence, the leaf is mainly a piece of leaf (the "chick tongue" stage);
(c) topdressing: 11 last ten days of month to 12 monthsIn middle ten days, 120kg/666.7m of commercial organic fertilizer is broadcast on the compartment surface2Cleaning the soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; in the 3-4 month seedling stage in 2021, more than 80% of seedlings are in a four-flat-head stage, and have obvious main stems, dense upper leaves and a cross shape; spraying 1000 times of diluent of high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount is 50mL/666.7m each time2Applying the fertilizer for three times at intervals of 10d each time;
d) and (3) pest and disease prevention: generally, the disease and insect pest of intercropping Hubei fritillary bulb in magnolia officinalis forest are less, if diseases such as stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like occur, 1000 diluent of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule is sprayed, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m2(ii) a Irrigating roots with 1000 times of diluent of 40% iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent (Mingdi) for preventing and treating, wherein the application amount is 40g/666.7m2；
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
at the beginning of 6 months in 2021, the fritillaria Hubei is collected and dug after seedling falling, the density of the bulbs is about 3.1cm by 3.1cm, the number of the bulbs with the diameter larger than 1.0cm is about 5700, the bulbs account for 82.0 percent of the total bulbs, the total yield of the bulbs is 12.35kg (fresh weight), and the propagation coefficient of the bulbs of high-quality seeds is about 11.4.
Claims (10)
1. A method for bulb split propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb is characterized in that: sequentially comprising four steps of selection and arrangement of a planting base, selection and planting of seed bulbs, field management and timely harvesting;
the selection and arrangement of the planting bases specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of a planting base: selecting a magnolia officinalis forest with an altitude of 1200-1800 m and a canopy closure degree of 5-9 months of more than 0.8 as a planting base;
(2) soil type: selecting non-continuous cropping soil which is rich in humus, loose and fertile and has good drainage;
(3) arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under mangnolia officinalis forests in a planting base, digging the land, spreading bio-organic fertilizer, raking uniformly, mixing with the soil, raking flat along the mountains to form furrows, forming shallow ditches, and forming waist ditches and surrounding ditches according to the terrain and actual planting plots;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulb specifically comprises:
(i) selection of seed bulbs: selecting bulbs with the diameter of 3-5 cm, uniform size, fullness, completeness, freshness, health and no disease spot;
(ii) treatment of split bulbs: cutting the seeds into a plurality of petals longitudinally according to the diameter of the bulbs, and reserving the bulb plates; then placing the cut bulbs in pyraclostrobin diluent and naphthylacetic acid diluent in sequence for soaking, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) planting split bulbs: after autumn comes up, uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs treated in the step (ii) to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, covering soil and cleaning ditches;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) clearing ditches: in the next 1-2 months, the fallen leaves of the mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch are timely cleaned, and the ditch is cleaned;
(b) weeding: manually weeding in time from the late seedling period of Fritillaria Hubei to 10 middle ten days of the month;
(c) topdressing: in 11 ten days to 12 days in the middle of the month, spreading a biological organic fertilizer on the compartment surface, and cleaning soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; planting for 3-4 months in the third year, spraying leaf fertilizer according to the growth vigor, and dressing for 2-3 times at intervals of more than 10 days;
(d) and (3) pest and disease prevention: if the disease occurs, using difenoconazole diluent or iprodione-fluazinam diluent for preventing and treating;
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
and harvesting the plants after the early 6 months of the late 5 months of the third year after planting after withering or after the early autumn.
2. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the magnolia officinalis forest in the step (1), the age of the magnolia officinalis is selected to be 10 years or more.
3. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (ii), the seed bulbs are longitudinally cut into 12-20 petals according to the diameter, and the diameter of the split scales is not less than 0.3 cm.
4. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (ii), the pyraclostrobin diluent is obtained by uniformly diluting 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent with water to 300-800 times; the naphthylacetic acid diluent is obtained by diluting naphthylacetic acid by 500-1500 times with water.
5. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (ii), the bulb after being cut into petals is soaked in the pyraclostrobin diluent for 0.5-2 h and soaked in the naphthylacetic acid diluent for 20-40 min.
6. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (iii), the covering soil is 3-5 cm thick.
7. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (c), the spreading amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 80-120 kg/666.7m2。
8. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3) and the step (c), the number of effective viable bacteria in the bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0%.
9. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (c), the foliar fertilizer adopts a diluent of a high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer, and the diluent is obtained by diluting the high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer with water to 500-1500 times.
10. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (d), the difenoconazole diluent is obtained by diluting 10% of difenoconazole water dispersible granules by 500-1500 times with water; the iprodione-fluazinam diluent is obtained by diluting 40% of iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent to 500-1500 times.
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Application publication date: 20220311 Assignee: ENSHI SOURCE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Assignor: INSTITUTE OF CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES, HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023420000023 Denomination of invention: A method of petal propagation of Fritillaria hupehensis bulb Granted publication date: 20221220 License type: Common License Record date: 20230220 |