CN114158446B - Method for bulb split propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb - Google Patents
Method for bulb split propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for bulb split propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method sequentially comprises four steps of selection and arrangement of a planting base, selection and planting of seed bulbs, field management and timely harvesting; wherein: the selection steps of the seed bulbs are as follows: selecting bulbs with the diameter of 3-5 cm, uniform size, fullness, integrity, freshness, health and no pest spots; the split bulb processing steps comprise: cutting the seed bulbs into a plurality of petals longitudinally according to the diameter of the seed bulbs, and keeping the bulb plates; then the bulbs after being cut into the petals are sequentially placed in pyraclostrobin diluent and naphthylacetic acid diluent for soaking. According to the method for propagating the fritillaria hupehensis bulb, provided by the invention, the fritillaria hupehensis bulb is planted under the magnolia officinalis forest in a split-bulb manner, so that illumination required by the growth of the fritillaria hupehensis is not influenced, and the fritillaria hupehensis can be shaded after the fritillaria hupehensis is transplanted, and the method has the advantages of reducing temperature and preserving moisture, reducing weeds and plant diseases and insect pests, improving the propagation coefficient, reducing the production cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, relates to an artificial cultivation technology of Hubei fritillary bulb, and more particularly relates to a bulb split propagation method of Hubei fritillary bulb.
Background
Fritillaria hupehensis (Fritillaria hupehensis), also called Ebei, babei, jiabei, fengbei, is mainly distributed in the west and west of Hubei, and also has small amount in the east of Sichuan, west and west of Hunan, anhui, henan. The medicine is taken by underground bulbs, is bitter and cool in taste, enters lung and heart channels, has the effects of clearing heat, moistening lung, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, and is used for treating heat phlegm cough, yin deficiency, lung dryness, subcutaneous nodule, scrofula, lung carbuncle, sore and other diseases.
The Hubei fritillary bulb has 2 modes of seed propagation and bulb propagation. Because the seed reproduction germination rate is low, the growth period is long and the effect is slow, the bulb reproduction is mostly adopted in the production. Usually, the bulb with the diameter of 1.0-3.0 cm is selected as seeds from the seedling falling of the fritillaria Hubei to the summer, and the undersized bulb (the diameter is less than 1.0 cm) has weak growth potential and long growth period and is not suitable for seed production; the production cost of the overlarge bulbs (the diameter is larger than 3 cm) is high, the investment is large, the large bulbs are planted in a mode of dividing into two parts in the production, and if the diseases such as the bulb root rot/soft rot are more frequent in high-temperature and high-humidity weather, and the serious bulbs are dead. In addition, the big and small bulbs are mixed in the bulb digging process, the seed selection is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the selection of superior seeds is not facilitated, so the propagation research of the Hubei fritillaria is developed in China successively. ZL201210051555.X (a production method of Hubei fritillary bulb) and ZL201310211116.5 (a method for rapidly propagating Hubei fritillary bulb by utilizing a tissue culture technology) both propagate the Hubei fritillary bulb by utilizing a clonal tissue culture technology, the propagation coefficient is higher, although the problems of transplanting survival rate, diseases and the like of seedlings are solved, a large amount of reagents and higher test skills are needed, the operation steps are complex, the cost is higher, and the large-area popularization and application in production are difficult. CN202010708081.6 (a method for ecologically cultivating Hubei fritillary by forest land selection, seedling transplantation, production management, timely harvest, etc.) to carry out ecological cultivation technical research on Hubei fritillary by forest land selection, seedling transplantation, production management, etc., the Hubei fritillary bulb with the diameter of less than 2.5cm is longitudinally cut into 2-4 petals, the Hubei fritillary bulb with the diameter of more than 2.5cm is longitudinally cut into 5-8 blocks, the row spacing of the dibbled seed petals is 15cm and 10cm, the method has good effect on producing Hubei fritillary medicinal materials, but the propagation coefficient is not high, and is not beneficial to the production of the seed bulbs.
The present application is proposed for the above reasons.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems or drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for bulb division propagation of fritillaria hupehensis, which solves or at least partially solves the above technical drawbacks of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
a method for bulb split-propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb sequentially comprises four steps of selection and arrangement of a planting base, selection and planting of a seed bulb, field management and timely harvesting;
the selection and arrangement of the planting bases specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection of a planting base: selecting magnolia forest with elevation of 1200-1800m and canopy closure degree of 5-9 months of above 0.8 as planting base;
(2) Soil type: selecting non-continuous cropping soil which is rich in humus, loose and fertile and has good drainage;
(3) Arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under mangnolia officinalis forests in a planting base, digging up land, spreading bio-organic fertilizer, raking uniformly, mixing with soil, raking up along the mountains to form furrows, forming shallow trenches, and forming waist trenches and surrounding trenches according to topography and actual planting land blocks;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulbs specifically comprises the following steps:
(i) Selection of seed bulbs: selecting bulbs with the diameter of 3-5 cm, uniform size, fullness, integrity, freshness, health and no disease spot;
(ii) Treatment of split bulbs: cutting the seeds into a plurality of petals longitudinally according to the diameter of the bulbs, and reserving the bulb plates; then placing the cut bulbs in pyraclostrobin diluent and naphthylacetic acid diluent in sequence for soaking, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) Planting split bulbs: after autumn comes up, uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs treated in the step (ii) to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, covering soil and cleaning ditches;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) Clearing ditches: in the next 1-2 months, the fallen leaves of the mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch are cleaned in time, and the ditch is cleaned;
(b) Weeding: manually weeding in time from late seedling of fritillaria Hubei to 10 middle ten days of the month;
(c) Topdressing: in 11 ten days to 12 days in the middle of the month, spreading a biological organic fertilizer on the compartment surface, and cleaning soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; 3-4 months in the third year, spraying leaf fertilizer according to the growth vigor, and topdressing for 2-3 times at intervals of more than 10 days;
(d) And (3) pest and disease damage prevention: if the disease occurs, using difenoconazole diluent or iprodione-fluazinam diluent to prevent and treat;
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
and harvesting the plants after the early 6 months of the late 5 months of the third year after planting after withering or after the early autumn.
Furthermore, in the magnolia officinalis forest in the step (1) of the technical scheme, the age of the magnolia officinalis is preferably 10 years or more.
Furthermore, in the step (1) of the technical scheme, the row spacing of the magnolia officinalis plants is preferably more than 2m multiplied by 3 m.
Further, in the step (3) of the technical scheme, the digging depth of the land is 20-30 cm.
Further, in the step (3) of the technical scheme, the spreading amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 120-200 kg/666.7m 2 Preferably 160kg/666.7m 2 。
Further, in the step (3) of the technical scheme, the furrow width is 100-150 cm, and the furrow width is 20-40 cm.
Preferably, in the step (3) of the technical scheme, the furrow width is 120cm, and the furrow width is 30cm.
Specifically, in the step (i) of the technical scheme, the big bulbs with the diameter of 3-5 cm are selected as the seed bulbs, and the seed selection process is simple and easy to implement. In the prior art, medium-diameter bulbs are adopted as seed bulbs, and large and medium small bulbs are mixed in the process of digging the bulbs, so that the seed selection is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and is not favorable for selection of superior seeds.
Further, in the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the seed bulbs are longitudinally cut into 12-20 petals according to the diameter, and the diameter of the bulbs after the petals are split is not less than 0.3cm.
Specifically, in the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the fritillaria hupehensis seed bulbs are produced by cutting the fritillaria hupehensis large bulbs into a plurality of petals, the propagation coefficient can reach 6-14, and compared with the prior art, the fritillaria hupehensis seed bulbs propagation method without cutting petals greatly improves the propagation coefficient of fritillaria hupehensis.
Further, in the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the pyraclostrobin diluent is obtained by uniformly diluting 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent with water to 300-800 times, and preferably diluting with water to 500 times.
Further, in the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the soaking time of the cut bulbs in the pyraclostrobin diluent is 0.5-2 h, and preferably 1h.
Further, in the step (ii) of the above technical means, the naphthylacetic acid diluent is obtained by diluting naphthylacetic acid with water 500 to 1500 times, and more preferably 1000 times.
Furthermore, in the step (ii) of the above technical solution, the soaking time of the cut bulbs in the naphthylacetic acid diluent is 20 to 40min, and more preferably 30min.
In the step (ii) of the technical scheme, the pyraclostrobin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, and compared with carbendazim in the prior art, the pyraclostrobin has high antibacterial activity and a better effect at the non-morbidity or early morbidity, so that the pyraclostrobin seed soaking effect is better by using the pyraclostrobin. In addition, the pyraclostrobin antibacterial agent and the rooting agent (naphthylacetic acid) are synergistically acted, so that the survival rate of the Hubei fritillaria valvular bulbs is greatly improved.
Further, in the step (iii) of the technical scheme, the covering soil thickness is 3-5 cm.
Further, in the above technical means, in step (iii), the soil for covering the compartment surface is preferably soil finely divided in the trench.
Further, in the above technical means, in the step (iii), the shallow trench is cleaned to a trench depth of 15 to 25cm.
In step (iii), the split bulbs are planted after the beginning of autumn, so that high-temperature and high-humidity weather can be avoided, and the survival rate of the seedlings can be improved. In the prior art, the seeds are planted in 6-7 months, and the seeds are easy to be damaged and rotten in a high-temperature and high-humidity season in a positive value in 6-7 months if the seeds are improperly planted.
Further, in the step (c) of the technical scheme, the spreading amount of the biological organic fertilizer is 80-120 kg/666.7m 2 More preferably 100kg/666.7m 2 。
Furthermore, in the steps (3) and (c) of the technical scheme, the number of effective viable bacteria (bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and lactobacillus plantarum) in the bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0%.
Further, in the step (c) of the technical scheme, the foliar fertilizer adopts a diluent of a high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer, and the diluent is obtained by diluting the high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer with water to 500-1500 times, preferably 1000 times; wherein: the high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer has the main technical indexes that: p 2 O 5 ：500g/L；K 2 O：70g/L；Mg：65g/L。
Further, in the step (c) of the technical scheme, the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is 50-75 mL/666.7m 2 。
Specifically, in the step (d) of the technical scheme, the diseases refer to stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like.
Further, in the step (d) of the technical scheme, the difenoconazole diluent is obtained by diluting 10% of difenoconazole (water dispersible granules) by 500-1500 times with water. The application amount of the difenoconazole diluent is 30-60 g/666.7m 2 Preferably 40g/666.7m 2 。
Further, in the step (d) of the above technical means, the iprodione-fluazinam diluent is obtained by diluting 40% iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent with water by 500 to 1500 times, preferably 1000 times. The application amount of the iprodione-fluazinam diluent is 30-60 g/666.7m 2 Preferably 40g/666.7m 2 。
Specifically, in the step (IV), the plant is harvested after the plant withers or after the early autumn in the last 5 th ten days of the third year, the length of the bulb can reach 1-2 cm, and high-quality bulb seeds can be provided for production. The bulbs are not damaged as much as possible when the product is collected, so that the product quality is not influenced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the method for the split propagation of the bulbs of the fritillaria hupehensis, the split bulbs of the fritillaria hupehensis are planted under the magnolia officinalis forest, the fritillaria hupehensis prefers to be warm, cool and moist, the growing period is short, the seedlings begin to be fallen in the middle and last ten days of the growing period of 2-4 months, and the underground bulbs continue to expand after the seedlings are fallen; generally, magnolia officinalis sprouts in the middle ten days of 4 months, leaves and flowers grow and open at the same time in the last ten days of 5 months, and leaves fall in 10 months; in the growth period of the fritillaria Hupehensis, the magnolia officinalis does not show leaf blooming, and at the moment, the illumination required by the growth of the fritillaria Hupehensis is not influenced. After the seedling of the Hupeh fritillary is fallen, because the magnolia officinalis has developed leaves and blooms, the cool and humid environment can be provided for the Hupeh fritillary, the growing period of the Hupeh fritillary can be prolonged by 5-10 days, and the advantages of reducing weeds and plant diseases and insect pests are realized.
(2) The propagation coefficient of the bulbar propagation method of the Hubei fritillary bulb provided by the invention is about 6-14, which is improved by 3-6 times compared with the traditional propagation method.
(3) The bulblet propagation method of the Hubei fritillary bulb generally selects a big bulb with the length of 3-5 cm as a seed bulb, and the seed selection process is simple and easy to operate; the diameter of the collected 60% of bulbs is larger than 1cm, and the bulbs can be used as high-quality bulb seeds; if 10000 high-quality bulbs are produced, the prior art generally selects the bulbs with the diameter of 1.0-3.0 cm as seeds, the planting density is 5cm x 10cm, the propagation coefficient for three years of planting is 2, 5000 bulbs are needed, the seed consumption is 20-24 kg, the cost of the bulbs is about 240-288 yuan calculated by 12 yuan/kg, and the method for bulb split propagation of the fritillaria hupehensis provided by the invention has the seed consumption of 14-24 kg, the price of the large bulbs is lower than that of the medium bulbs, the cost of the bulbs is about 112-192 yuan calculated by 8 yuan/kg, and the production cost is reduced by about 30-50%.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples. The present invention is implemented on the premise of the technology of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific procedures are given to illustrate the inventive aspects of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In 2019-2021, the inventor sets planting bases in China medicinal plant gardens (109-46 '41' E, 30-11 '56' N, and the altitude is 1600 m) -Magnolia officinalis parks, belongs to subtropical monsoon and monsoon humid climates, and has the advantages of year-to-year wetness, abundant rainfall, year-to-year rainfall of 1400-1500 mm, year-to-year temperature of 16 ℃,day 282 of frost-free period, 1300 hours of annual sunshine hours, relative humidity 82 percent, wherein the soil is yellow brown soil, and the organic matter of plough layer soil is 44.23 g/kg -1 180.60 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen -1 Fast-acting phosphorus 3.68 mg/kg -1 Quick-acting potassium 111.60 mg/kg -1 . The tree age of the Magnolia officinalis forest is more than 10a, the plant spacing and the row spacing are more than 2m multiplied by 3m, and the canopy density is more than 0.8 between 5 months and 9 months. Removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the land by 20-30 cm, and spreading 160-200 kg/666.7m of bio-organic fertilizer 2 Raking uniformly and mixing with soil; harrowing and making ridges smoothly with the ridge width of 100-150 cm and the furrow width of 20-40 cm, digging shallow trenches, and planting area of each test cell of 6.67m 2 。
Test materials: and on the 2 nd 9 th month in 2019, digging in a Huazhong medicinal plant garden, selecting full and complete, fresh and healthy bulbs without disease and insect spots, digging and planting at present, and not suitable for storage.
Test chemicals and fertilizers: 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu), naphthylacetic acid (Guoguang), high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer (Xijian), 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule (Shigao), 40% iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent (Mingdi) and bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0%, and effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g).
The method for calculating the propagation coefficient of the bulbs of the high-quality seeds, which is related to the following embodiments, comprises the following steps of:
according to the method provided by the invention, the plant is harvested after withering or after autumn begins at 6 months early in the last 5 months of the third year, and the bulbs with the diameter of 1-3 cm (the bulbs with the diameter of less than 1cm and more than 3cm are not counted) are high-quality seed bulbs. Taking 500 bulbs with the diameter of 3.0-3.5 cm and cutting the bulbs into 12 petals longitudinally, harvesting 3800 high-quality bulbs in the early 6 months of the third year after planting, and the propagation coefficient is 3800/500=7.6.
Example 1
The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the soil for 20-30 cm, broadcasting a biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0 percent, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g),the application amount is 160kg/666.7m 2 Raking uniformly and mixing with soil; harrowing the mountain smoothly to form a furrow with the width of 120cm and the width of the ditch of 30cm, and forming a shallow ditch;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulb specifically comprises:
(i) Selection of seed bulbs: at the bottom of 8 months, digging seed bulbs on sunny days, and selecting the bulbs with the diameter of 3.0-3.5 cm, uniform size, egg-shaped or oblate shape, plumpness, integrity, freshness, health and no disease spot; the number of the selected bulbs is 500, and the total mass of the seed bulbs is 5.54kg;
(ii) Treatment of split bulbs: longitudinally cutting the just-excavated seed bulb selected in the step (i) into 12 petals, and keeping the bulb plates, wherein the diameter of the divided scales is more than 0.3cm; soaking the cut bulbs into 500 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu) for 1h, then transferring the bulbs into 1000 times of diluent of naphthylacetic acid for soaking for 30min, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) Planting split bulbs: after autumn, planting on sunny days: uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, wherein the split bulbs are preferably not overlapped; finely covering the soil in the ditch on the compartment surface, covering the soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm, slightly pressing to enable the segmented bulbs to be tightly attached to the soil, and finally cleaning the ditch to the depth of 20cm;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) Clearing ditches: in 1 month in 2020, timely cleaning fallen leaves of mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch, and cleaning the ditch;
(b) Weeding: weeds are manually removed in time; in 10-month late ten days after the seedling of the Hubei fritillary bulb is fallen, because the canopy density of thick forests is higher, weeds are less compared with open-air planting, a chemical herbicide is not recommended, and manual weeding is required in time; the seedling leaves are mainly one piece of leaves (the 'chicken tongue' stage)
(c) Topdressing: in the last 11 th-middle 12 th month, biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0%, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g) is broadcast on the compartment surface, and the application amount is 100kg/666.7m 2 Cleaning the soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; in the 3-4 month seedling stage in 2021, more than 80% of seedlings are in the four flat head stage, and have obvious main stem and dense upper leaves,shaped like a cross; spraying 1000 times of diluent of high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount is 50mL/666.7m each time 2 Applying the fertilizer twice at intervals of 10d each time;
d) And (3) pest and disease damage prevention: generally, the disease and insect pest of intercropping Hubei fritillary bulb in magnolia officinalis forest are less, if diseases such as stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like occur, 1000 times of diluent of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule is sprayed, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m 2 (ii) a The root is irrigated with 1000 times of diluent of 40 percent iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent (Mingdi) for preventing and treating, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m 2 ；
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
at the beginning of 6 months in 2021, after the fritillaria Hubei is transplanted, the bulbs are collected and dug, the density of the bulbs is about 3cm × 3cm, the number of the bulbs with the diameter larger than 1.0cm is about 3800, the bulbs account for 65.6 percent of the total bulbs, the total yield of the bulbs is 6.92kg (fresh weight), and the propagation coefficient of the high-quality bulb is 7.6.
Example 2
The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the land by 20-30 cm, applying bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0 percent, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g) in a spreading amount of 180kg/666.7m 2 Raking uniformly and mixing with soil; harrowing the mountain smoothly to form a furrow with the width of 100cm and the width of the ditch of 20cm, and forming a shallow ditch;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulbs specifically comprises the following steps:
(i) Selection of seed bulbs: at the bottom of 8 months, digging and planting bulbs on sunny days, and selecting bulbs with the diameters of 4.0-4.5 cm, uniform sizes, egg-shaped or oblate spheres, plumpness, integrity, freshness, health and no disease spot; the number of the selected bulbs is 300, and the total mass of the bulbs is 6.11kg;
(ii) Treatment of split bulbs: longitudinally cutting the just-excavated seed bulbs selected in the step (i) into 20 petals, and keeping the bulb plates, wherein the diameters of the petals after the petals are divided are more than 0.3cm; soaking the cut bulbs into 500 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu) for 1h, then transferring into 1000 times of diluent of naphthylacetic acid for soaking for 30min, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) Planting split bulbs: after autumn, planting on sunny days: uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, wherein the split bulbs are preferably not overlapped; finely preparing soil in the ditch, covering the ditch on the surface of the compartment, covering the soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm, slightly pressing to enable the split bulbs to be tightly attached to the soil, and finally cleaning the ditch to the depth of 20cm;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) Clearing ditches: in 1 month of 2020, timely cleaning fallen leaves of mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch, and cleaning the ditch;
(b) Weeding: timely and manually removing weeds; in 10-month late ten days after the seedling of the Hubei fritillary bulb is fallen, because the canopy density of thick forests is higher, weeds are less compared with open-air planting, a chemical herbicide is not recommended, and manual weeding is required in time; the leaves after emergence are mainly one piece of leaves (the chicken tongue stage);
(c) Topdressing: in the last 11 th-middle 12 th month, biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0%, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g) is broadcast on the compartment surface, and the application amount is 100kg/666.7m 2 Covering the compartment surface with soil in the ditch; in the 3-4 month seedling stage in 2021, more than 80% of seedlings are in a four-flat-head stage, and have obvious main stems, and the upper leaves are dense and have a cross shape; spraying 1000 times of diluent of the high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount is 75mL/666.7m each time 2 Applying the fertilizer in two times at intervals of 10d;
d) And (3) pest and disease damage prevention: generally, the disease and insect pest of intercropping Hubei fritillary bulb in magnolia officinalis forest are less, if diseases such as stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like occur, 1000 times of diluent of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule is sprayed, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m 2 (ii) a The root is irrigated with 1000 times of diluent of 40 percent iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent for prevention and control, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m 2 ；
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
at the beginning of 6 months in 2021, the fritillaria Hubei is harvested after seedling inversion, the density of bulbs is about 2.8cm x 2.8cm, the number of bulbs with the diameter larger than 1.0cm is about 4300, the bulbs account for 71.8 percent of the total bulbs, the total yield of the bulbs is 6.37kg (fresh weight), and the propagation coefficient of high-quality bulb is about 14.
Example 3
The bulbar reproduction method for fritillaria Hupehensis of the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the soil by 20-30 cm, broadcasting a biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0 percent, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g), and applying the fertilizer at the application rate of 200kg/666.7m 2 Raking evenly and mixing with soil; harrowing smoothly to make ridges with the width of 150cm and the width of 40cm, and digging shallow trenches;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulbs specifically comprises the following steps:
(i) Selection of seed bulbs: at the bottom of 8 months, digging seed bulbs on sunny days, and selecting the bulbs with the diameter of 3.0-3.5 cm, uniform size, egg-shaped or oblate shape, plumpness, integrity, freshness, health and no disease spot; the number of the selected bulbs is 400, and the total weight of the bulbs is 5.52kg;
(ii) Treatment of split bulbs: longitudinally cutting the seed bulbs selected in the step (i) and dug just recently into 15 petals, reserving bulb plates, and enabling the diameters of the petals to be larger than 0.3cm after the petals are divided; soaking the cut bulbs into 500 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu) for 0.5h, then transferring into 1000 times of diluent of naphthylacetic acid for soaking for 40min, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) Planting split bulbs: after autumn, planting on sunny days: uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, wherein the split bulbs are preferably not overlapped; finely preparing soil in the ditch, covering the ditch on the surface of the compartment, covering the soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm, slightly pressing to enable the split bulbs to be tightly attached to the soil, and finally cleaning the ditch to the depth of 20cm;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) Clearing ditches: in 1 month of 2020, timely cleaning fallen leaves of mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch, and cleaning the ditch;
(b) Weeding: timely and manually removing weeds; in 10-month late ten days after the seedling of the Hubei fritillary bulb is fallen, because the canopy density of thick forests is higher, weeds are less compared with open-air planting, a chemical herbicide is not recommended, and manual weeding is required in time; the leaves after emergence are mainly one piece of leaves (the chicken tongue stage);
(c) Topdressing: in the last 11 th-middle 12 th month, commercial organic fertilizer 80kg/666.7m is broadcast on the compartment surface 2 Cleaning the soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; in the 3-4 month seedling stage in 2021, more than 80% of the seedlings are in a four-flat-head stage, and have obvious main stems, and the upper blades are dense and shaped like a cross; spraying 1000-time diluent of the high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount is 6mL/666.7m each time 2 Applying the fertilizer in three times, wherein the interval is 10d each time;
d) And (3) pest and disease damage prevention: generally, the disease and insect pest of intercropping Hubei fritillary bulb in magnolia officinalis forest are less, if diseases such as stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like occur, 1000 times of diluent of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule is sprayed, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m 2 The root is irrigated by using 1000 times of diluent of 40 percent iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent (Mingdi) for preventing and treating the disease, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m 2 ；
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
at the beginning of 6 months in 2021, the fritillaria Hubei is harvested after seedling inversion, the density of bulbs is about 3.1cm x 3.1cm, the number of the bulbs with the diameter larger than 1.0cm is about 3500, the bulbs account for 64.5 percent of the total bulbs, the total yield of the bulbs is 5.27kg (fresh weight), and the propagation coefficient of the bulbs of high-quality seeds is about 8.75.
Example 4
The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under the forest, digging the land by 20-30 cm, and broadcasting 180kg/666.7m of commercial organic fertilizer 2 Raking evenly and mixing with soil; harrowing the mountain smoothly to form a furrow with the width of 120cm and the width of the ditch of 30cm, and forming a shallow ditch;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulb specifically comprises:
(i) Selection of seed bulbs: at the bottom of 8 months, digging seed bulbs on sunny days, and selecting the bulbs with the diameter of 4.0-5.0 cm, uniform size, egg-shaped or oblate shape, plumpness, integrity, freshness, health and no disease spot; the number of the selected bulbs is 500, and the total mass of the bulbs is 14.2kg;
(ii) Treatment of split bulbs: longitudinally cutting the just-excavated seed bulbs selected in the step (i) into 15 petals, and keeping the bulb plates, wherein the diameters of the petals after the petals are divided are larger than 0.3cm; soaking the cut bulbs into 500 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent (Kangxiu) for 2h, then soaking in 1000 times of diluent of naphthylacetic acid for 20min, and fishing out and draining after soaking;
(iii) Planting split bulbs: after autumn, planting on sunny days: uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs to the surface of the compartment by adopting a concave-surface seedbed, wherein the split bulbs are preferably not overlapped; finely preparing soil in the ditch, covering the ditch on the surface of the compartment, covering the soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm, slightly pressing to enable the split bulbs to be tightly attached to the soil, and finally cleaning the ditch to the depth of 20cm;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) Clearing ditches: in 1 month in 2020, timely cleaning fallen leaves of mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch, and cleaning the ditch;
(b) Weeding: weeds are manually removed in time; in 10-month late ten days after the seedling of the Hubei fritillary bulb is fallen, because the canopy density of thick forests is higher, weeds are less compared with open-air planting, a chemical herbicide is not recommended, and manual weeding is required in time; the leaves after emergence are mainly one piece of leaves (the 'tongue' stage);
(c) Topdressing: in 11 late ten days to 12 middle ten days of the month, 120kg/666.7m of commercial organic fertilizer is broadcast on the compartment surface 2 Cleaning the soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; in the 3-4 month seedling stage in 2021, more than 80% of seedlings are in a four-flat-head stage, and have obvious main stems, and the upper leaves are dense and have a cross shape; spraying 1000 times of diluent of high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount is 50mL/666.7m each time 2 Applying the medicine for three times at intervals of 10d each time;
d) And (3) pest and disease prevention: generally, the disease and insect pest of intercropping Hubei fritillary bulb in magnolia officinalis forest are less, if diseases such as stem rot, gray mold, soft rot and the like occur, 1000 diluent of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule is sprayed, and the application amount is 40g/666.7m 2 (ii) a Suspending agent (Mingdi) containing 40% iprodione and fluazinam) Irrigating root with 1000 times of diluent, and controlling with application amount of 40g/666.7m 2 ；
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
at the beginning of 6 months in 2021, the fritillaria Hubei is harvested after seedling inversion, the density of bulbs is about 3.1cm x 3.1cm, the number of the bulbs with the diameter larger than 1.0cm is about 5700, the bulbs account for 82.0 percent of the total bulbs, the total yield of the bulbs is 12.35kg (fresh weight), and the propagation coefficient of the bulbs of high-quality seeds is about 11.4.
Claims (3)
1. A method for bulb split propagation of Hubei fritillary bulb is characterized in that: sequentially comprising four steps of selection and arrangement of a planting base, selection and planting of seed bulbs, field management and timely harvesting;
the selection and arrangement of the planting bases specifically comprises the following steps:
selection of a planting base: selecting Magnolia officinalis forest with elevation of 1200-1800m and canopy closure degree of 5-9 months above 0.8 as planting base;
(2) Soil type: selecting non-continuous cropping soil which is rich in humus, loose and fertile and has good drainage;
(3) Arranging a planting base: removing shrubs, rich vines, weeds and stones under mangnolia officinalis forests in a planting base, digging up land, spreading bio-organic fertilizer, raking uniformly, mixing with soil, raking up along the mountains to form furrows, forming shallow trenches, and forming waist trenches and surrounding trenches according to topography and actual planting land blocks;
(II) the selection and planting of the bulb specifically comprises:
(i) Selection of seed bulbs: selecting bulbs with the diameter of 3-5 cm, uniform size, fullness, integrity, freshness, health and no pest spots;
(ii) Treatment of split bulbs: cutting the seed bulbs into a plurality of petals longitudinally according to the diameter of the seed bulbs, and keeping the bulb plates; then placing the cut bulbs in pyraclostrobin diluent and naphthylacetic acid diluent in sequence for soaking, and fishing out and draining after soaking; the seed bulbs are longitudinally cut into 12-20 petals according to the diameter, and the diameter of the split petals is not less than 0.3cm; the bulb after being cut into the petals is soaked in the pyraclostrobin diluent for 0.5 to 2 hours and soaked in the naphthylacetic acid diluent for 20 to 40 minutes; the pyraclostrobin diluent is obtained by uniformly diluting 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent with water to 300-800 times; the naphthylacetic acid diluent is obtained by diluting naphthylacetic acid by 500-1500 times with water;
(iii) Planting split bulbs: after autumn comes up, uniformly broadcasting the split bulbs treated in the step (ii) to the compartment surface by adopting a concave seedbed, covering soil and cleaning ditches;
(III) the field management specifically comprises:
(a) Clearing ditches: in the next 1-2 months, timely cleaning fallen leaves of mangnolia officinalis on the ridge surface and in the ditch, and cleaning the ditch;
(b) Weeding: manually weeding in time from the late seedling period of Fritillaria Hubei to 10 middle ten days of the month;
(c) Topdressing: in 11 ten days to 12 days in the middle of the month, spreading a biological organic fertilizer on the compartment surface, and cleaning soil in the ditch to cover the compartment surface; planting for 3-4 months in the third year, spraying leaf fertilizer according to the growth vigor, and dressing for 2-3 times at intervals of more than 10 days; the spreading amount of the biological organic fertilizer is 80-120 kg/666.7m 2 (ii) a The number of effective viable bacteria in the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 2.5 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 40.0 percent; the foliar fertilizer adopts a diluent of a high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer, and the diluent is obtained by diluting the high-concentration liquid phosphorus potassium magnesium fertilizer with water to 500-1500 times;
(d) And (3) pest and disease damage prevention: if the disease occurs, using difenoconazole diluent or iprodione-fluazinam diluent for preventing and treating; the difenoconazole diluent is obtained by diluting 10% of difenoconazole water dispersible granules by 500-1500 times with water; the iprodione-fluazinam diluent is obtained by diluting 40% of iprodione-fluazinam suspending agent to 500-1500 times;
(IV) timely harvesting specifically comprises:
and harvesting the plants after the early 6 months of the late 5 months of the third year after planting after withering or after the early autumn.
2. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the magnolia officinalis forest in the step (1), the age of the magnolia officinalis is selected to be 10 years or more.
3. The method for bulb split propagation of fritillaria Hupehensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (iii), the covering soil is 3-5 cm thick.
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Application publication date: 20220311 Assignee: ENSHI SOURCE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Assignor: INSTITUTE OF CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES, HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023420000023 Denomination of invention: A method of petal propagation of Fritillaria hupehensis bulb Granted publication date: 20221220 License type: Common License Record date: 20230220 |