CN112640637A - Red-soil honey pomelo garden annual ecological interplanting green manure cultivation method - Google Patents
Red-soil honey pomelo garden annual ecological interplanting green manure cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for annual ecological interplanting of green manure in a red soil honey pomelo garden, and relates to the technical field of green manure planting. The invention comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a land parcel; s2: green manure selection; s3: deeply turning over green manure land and applying base fertilizer; s4: seed treatment; s5: sowing the hairy vetch seeds; s6: managing the vetch; s7: sowing the bamboo beans; s8: managing the bamboo beans; s9: and (5) harvesting the green manure. According to the method, the vetch and the bamboo beans are planted around the honey pomelo trees in a staggered mode along the circumference, the planting of the green manure mixed by the vetch and the bamboo beans is mutually promoted, the soil fertility is improved, the yield and the nutrition of the green manure can be improved by reasonably managing the water and the fertilizer in the planting process of the vetch and the bamboo beans, sufficient nutrients are provided for the honey pomelos before picking, and the problems that the yield of the green manure planted by the existing honey pomelo orchard green manure cultivation method is not high enough, the complementary relationship among the vetch, the bamboo beans and seedlings in terms of nutrient utilization is difficult to form, and the nutrient circulation and continuous production of the orchard are not facilitated are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of green manure planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for annual ecological interplanting of green manure in a red soil honey pomelo garden.
Background
The honey pomelo has the effect of strengthening the physique, can help the body to absorb calcium and iron more easily, contains natural folic acid, has the effects of preventing anemia symptoms and promoting fetal development for women taking contraceptive drugs or pregnant women, contains natural trace element potassium which is necessary for hypertensive patients, does not contain sodium, is the best diet therapy fruit for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and kidney diseases, contains a large amount of vitamin C in the pomelo, can reduce cholesterol in blood, has a plurality of defects in the existing honey pomelo planting method, has high seedling death rate, unscientific planting management, serious fertilizer shortage phenomenon, weak tree vigor, low yield, poor fruit quality and weak market competitiveness, is applied to orchards all the year round, reduces soil fertility and hardens, and improves the utilization rate of land resources and light energy along with the improvement of ecological environment and the annual utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in the orcs, The requirements for increasing economic benefits and realizing sustainable agricultural development are continuously improved, reasonable interplanting becomes an effective cultivation measure gradually, green manure is a green plant body used as a fertilizer, the green manure is a complete fertilizer rich in organic matters, N, P, K and trace elements, and the problems of serious fertilizer shortage, soil fertility reduction, hardening and hardening of an orchard and the like are solved by fully utilizing the green manure interplanted among rows of the orchard.
However, the green manure planted by the existing honey pomelo orchard green manure cultivation method is not high enough in yield and quality, a complementary relationship is difficult to form between the green manure and the saplings in terms of nutrient utilization, and nutrient circulation and continuous production of the orchard are not facilitated, so that improvement on the prior art is necessary to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for annual ecological interplanting of green manure in a red soil honey pomelo garden, which is characterized in that vetch and bamboo beans are planted around a honey pomelo tree in a staggered manner along the circumference, the planting of the mixed green manure of the vetch and the bamboo beans is mutually promoted, the soil fertility is improved, the soil environment is improved, the yield and the nutrition of the green manure can be improved by carrying out reasonable water and fertilizer management in the planting process of the vetch and the bamboo beans, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for honey pomelos before picking, and the problems that the yield of the green manure planted by the existing honey pomelo garden green manure cultivation method is not high enough, the complementary relationship among the vetch, the bamboo beans and seedlings in terms of nutrient utilization is difficult to form, and the nutrient circulation and continuous production of the garden are not facilitated are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a cultivation method for annual ecological interplanting of green manure in a red soil honey pomelo garden, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a land mass, namely planting honey pomelos and green manure in subacid red soil which has a deep soil layer, loose and porous soil and good air permeability and drainage capacity, wherein the planting density of the honey pomelos varies according to the terrain;
s2: selecting green manure, namely selecting the green manure suitable for the loose and porous slightly acidic soil with good air permeability and water drainage capability in S1, and adopting vetch and bamboo beans as the green manure of the honey pomelo orchard;
s3: deeply ploughing green-manure land blocks and applying base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and ploughing in September orchard trimming, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30-40 cm, the base fertilizer is doped in the deep ploughing process, after the land blocks are finished being sorted, applying a layer of base fertilizer on the surface layer, uniformly dividing the periphery of the honey pomelo tree into eight green-manure planting areas, and arranging the hairy vetch and the bamboo beans around the honey pomelo tree in a staggered manner along the circumference;
s4: seed treatment, wherein fresh and plump seeds with consistent maturity are selected as seeds of the hairy vetch, the hairy vetch and the bamboo bean seeds are soaked in normal-temperature water for 24 hours, then soaked in a sodium selenite solution for 8 hours, and finally aired in the sun for 1-3 days, and seeds are mixed with rhizobia inoculant indoors 3-5 days before sowing, the consumption of the rhizobia inoculant is 0.5-0.6 kg per mu, and the seeds are treated to promote germination and improve the survival rate;
s5: sowing hairy vetch, starting sowing seeds of hairy vetch crops from the last ten days of 8 months to the last 9 months, removing weeds in an orchard before sowing, rotating soil 8-10 cm deep by using a rotary plow, leveling and thinning soil and watering thoroughly, sowing in a broadcast mode, covering soil after sowing, and compacting, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 1-2 cm, so that seeds are prevented from being hung dry, seedling emergence is influenced, and the hairy vetch is sown according to 2-3 kg per mu;
s6: managing the hair-leaf vetch, applying a small amount of microbial fertilizer after budding, watering once in time after harvesting the honey pomelos if the soil water content is lower than 60%, applying a compound fertilizer, 5-10 kg per mu, watering once frozen water before sealing, ensuring the safety of the hair-leaf vetch over winter, and applying 10-15 kg per mu of compound fertilizer in combination with fruit tree irrigation and once green-turning water when turning green in the second year for rapid growth of green manure, wherein the relative water content of the soil is reasonably controlled in the green-turning period and the growth period of the green manure;
s7: sowing the bamboos, namely sowing the bamboos and the crop seeds in the months of 4-5, cleaning weeds in an orchard before sowing, rotating soil by using a rotary plow to a depth of 10-15 cm, leveling and finely watering the soil, adopting a sowing mode of broadcasting, covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 1-2 cm, compacting, watering at a proper time according to soil moisture content to ensure smooth emergence, and sowing the bamboos and the crop seeds according to 2-2.5 kg per mu;
s8: managing the bamboo beans, applying a small amount of microbial fertilizer after sprouting, applying 3-3.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu of topdressing in the seedling stage, properly applying a small amount of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and reasonably controlling the relative water content of the soil in the rapid growth period of green manure;
s9: green manure harvesting, wherein when 70% of pods turn yellow and 70% of the seeds turn black and harden after 7-8 months, the harvested plants are placed for 2-3 days to ensure that the seeds are completely mature, then threshed and aired, and when the bamboo beans are harvested, the stubble is left about 10cm, soil loosening and fertilization are performed after harvesting, 5-8 kg of urea is applied to each mu, the urea is added along with a leavening agent to be turned into soil, the depth of the soil is controlled to be 10-15 cm deep, water is timely irrigated after turning, decomposition is accelerated, the conversion rate of the green manure is improved, the bamboo beans are harvested for multiple times in a flower and fruit period, then the bamboo beans are harvested once every 20-30 days according to the growth condition of the grass, soil loosening and fertilization are performed after each harvesting, 1.5-2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu after harvesting, when the bamboo beans are harvested for the last time, part of the bamboo beans are selectively harvested and then covered on a seedling emergence place, and the bamboo beans are cut off by a mower in a formal harvest time, the cut bamboo beans are turned over and pressed into the soil along with a leavening agent, the depth of the soil is controlled to be 10-15 cm, water is timely irrigated after the turning over and pressing, the decomposition is accelerated, and the conversion rate of green manure is improved.
Furthermore, the planting soil of the honey pomelo and the green manure in the S1 is preferably sandy loam, the pH value of the sandy loam is controlled to be 4.5-6, the porosity is controlled to be 10-15%, and the oxygen content is controlled to be 6-10%.
Further, the preparation method of the base fertilizer in the S3 comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 30% of leaf mold, 15% of animal manure, 30% of sandy loam and 10% of sawdust, mixing the mixture with 15% of microbial fertilizer after disinfection, and finally adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 4.5-6.
Further, the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer applied after the honey pomelos in the S6 are harvested is 18: 15: 5, N, P, K proportion in the compound fertilizer applied in the green turning period is 18: 5: 5.
further, in the S6, the relative water content of the soil in the green turning period is controlled to be 60-70%, and the relative water content of the soil in the growing period is controlled to be 65-75%.
Furthermore, in the S9, the vetch and the bamboo beans are timely irrigated after being turned over and pressed, so that the relative water content of the soil is increased from 60% -65% to 85% -90%, the soil water content influences the decomposition process of the vetch and the bamboo beans, when the soil water content is increased from 60% -65% to 85% -90%, the decomposition and nutrient release of the vetch and the bamboo beans are accelerated, and the conversion rate of green manure is increased.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention improves the utilization rate of soil nutrients and the yield by planting the hairy vetch and the bamboo bean in a staggered way along the circumference around the honey pomelo tree, the planting of the hairy vetch and the bamboo bean mixed green manure is mutually promoted, the green manure crop has strong root systems, rich organic matters are contained in stem leaves, the nutrient and the moisture in the deep layer of the soil can be absorbed, the green manure is applied to the periphery of the root system of the fruit tree to increase the organic matters of the soil and promote the activity of microorganisms, the root system and the root nodule can leave a large amount of organic matters and nitrogen fertilizers for the soil, the soil fertility is improved, the ventilation, water supply and fertilizer retention capability of the soil is improved, the organic matters and the mineral elements in the soil are continuously supplemented, the yield increasing effect is obvious, the green manure crop can cover the ground, the ground temperature is adjusted, the evaporation is reduced, the weeds are controlled, the wind and the sand are prevented, the water and soil are kept, the waterlogging, the hairy vetch and the bamboo bean are convenient to manage, and the manual weeding cost is reduced.
2. The invention can improve the yield and nutrition of the green manure by applying the specially prepared base fertilizer during sowing, so that the green manure is rich in phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and the like, and further improves the quality of the honey pomelos, the base fertilizer can ensure that the soil is loose and porous, has good air permeability and water drainage capacity, and greatly improves the planting effect of the green manure P, K the compound fertilizer can provide various nutrients needed by the growth of the green manure, the green manure can absorb the nutrients to the maximum extent, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the waste of the fertilizer is avoided.
3. According to the invention, seeds of the vetch and the bamboo beans are specially treated, and are soaked in normal-temperature water for 24 hours, then soaked in a sodium selenite solution for 8 hours, and finally aired in the sun for 1-3 days, so that germination can be promoted, and the survival rate can be improved.
4. The invention reasonably irrigates in the growth process of the green manure to ensure the water content of the soil, the relative water content of the soil in the green returning period of the vetch is controlled to be 60-70%, the relative water content of the soil in the growing period is controlled to be 65-75%, the growth speed of the green manure is improved, and the water is timely irrigated after the vetch and the bamboo beans are turned over and pressed to improve the relative water content of the soil from 60-65% to 85-90%, the decay speed of the vetch and the bamboo beans is accelerated, the nutrient release speed is accelerated accordingly, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for the honey pomelo picking premise, and the vetch, the bamboo beans and the honey pomelos can form a complementary relationship in nutrient utilization, thereby being beneficial to nutrient circulation and continuous production of an orchard.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the planting of honey pomelo saplings, vetch and bamboo beans of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention relates to a cultivation method for annual ecological interplanting of green manure in a red soil honey pomelo garden, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a plot, namely selecting a slightly acidic red soil with a deep soil layer, loose and porous soil quality and good air permeability and drainage capacity to plant honey pomelos and green manure, wherein the planting density of the honey pomelos varies according to the terrain, the planting soil of the honey pomelos and the green manure is best with sandy loam, the pH value of the sandy loam is controlled to be 4.5-6, the porosity is controlled to be 10-15%, and the oxygen content is controlled to be 6-10%;
s2: green manure is selected, green manure suitable for weak acid soil which is loose and porous in S1 and has good air permeability and water drainage capacity is selected, Maoye vetch and bamboo beans are adopted as green manure of a honey pomelo orchard, root systems of green manure crops are strong, nutrients and water in deep soil layers can be absorbed, soil organic matters are increased around the root systems of fruit trees by applying the green manure, activities of microorganisms are promoted, soil fertility is improved, ventilation, water supply and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved, organic matters and mineral elements in the soil are continuously supplemented, the green manure crops can cover the ground, ground temperature is adjusted, evaporation is reduced, weeds are controlled, wind and sand are prevented, water and soil are maintained, waterlogging is relieved for two seasons, soil salt return is prevented, soil mycin is purified, management of the Maoye vetch and the bamboo beans is convenient, artificial weeding cost is reduced, a main period for decomposition of the Maoye vetch is 7-10 months, nutrition can be provided for growth of the honey pomelos, the bamboo beans are harvested once every 20-30 days, and nutrition can be continuously provided for the growth of honey pomelo fruit trees;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of deeply ploughing green-manure land blocks and applying base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and ploughing in September orchard during trimming, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30-40 cm, the base fertilizer is doped in the deep ploughing process, after the land blocks are finished, applying a layer of base fertilizer on the surface layer, uniformly dividing the periphery of the honey pomelo tree into eight green-manure planting areas, and planting hairy vetch and bamboo beans in a staggered manner along the circumference around the honey pomelo tree, as shown in figure 1, planting the hairy vetch and the bamboo beans in a staggered manner along the circumference around the honey pomelo tree, wherein planting of the mixed green manure of the hairy vetch and the bamboo beans is mutually promoted, the utilization rate of soil nutrients is improved, and the yield is improved, wherein the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 30% of leaf mold, 15% of animal manure, 30% of sandy loam and 10% of sawdust, mixing the mixture with 15% of microbial fertilizer after disinfection, finally adjusting the pH value of the soil, controlling the pH value of the soil to be 4.5-6, and improving the yield and nutrition of green manure by using a base fertilizer, so that the green manure is rich in phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and the like, thereby improving the quality of honey pomelos;
s4: seed treatment, namely selecting fresh and plump seeds as seeds from the hairy vetch, soaking the seeds of the hairy vetch and the seeds of the bamboo beans in normal-temperature water for 24 hours, then soaking the seeds in a sodium selenite solution for 8 hours, finally airing the seeds for 1 to 3 days in the sun, and mixing the seeds with a rhizobium inoculant indoors 3 to 5 days before sowing, wherein the consumption of the rhizobium inoculant is 0.5 to 0.6 kg per mu, and the seeds of the hairy vetch and the seeds of the bamboo beans are specially treated, so that germination can be promoted, and the survival rate is improved;
s5: sowing hairy vetch, starting sowing seeds of hairy vetch crops from the last ten days of 8 months to the last 9 months, removing weeds in an orchard before sowing, rotating soil 8-10 cm deep by using a rotary plow, leveling and thinning soil and watering thoroughly, sowing in a broadcast mode, covering soil after sowing, and compacting, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 1-2 cm, so that seeds are prevented from being hung dry, seedling emergence is influenced, and the hairy vetch is sown according to 2-3 kg per mu;
s6: managing the vetch, applying a small amount of microbial fertilizer after budding, wherein the microbial fertilizer has the functions of hydrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium dissolution and active substance secretion after being applied to soil, the microbial fertilizer can increase the soil fertility, so that the plant grows robustly, the nutritional status is improved, the biological control effect on harmful microorganisms is achieved, after the honey pomelos are harvested, if the soil water content is lower than 60%, watering is carried out once in time, and a compound fertilizer is applied, wherein 5-10 kg per mu is applied, and the N, P, K proportion in the applied compound fertilizer is 18: 15: 5, before freezing, pouring once frozen water to ensure that the vetch safely overwinter, and when turning green in the second year, combining fruit tree irrigation, pouring once green-turning water and applying a compound fertilizer, wherein 10-15 kg of the compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the proportion of N, P, K in the applied compound fertilizer is 18: 5: 5, the green manure is allowed to grow rapidly, the relative water content of the soil is reasonably controlled in the green manure returning period and the growth period, the compound fertilizer with a specific N, P, K proportion is applied, various nutrients required by the growth of the green manure can be provided, the green manure can absorb the nutrients to the maximum extent, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the waste of the fertilizer is avoided, the relative water content of the soil is reasonably controlled in the green manure returning period and the growth period, the relative water content of the soil in the green manure returning period is controlled to be 60-70%, and the relative water content of the soil in the growth period is controlled to be 65-75%;
s7: sowing the bamboos, namely sowing the bamboos and the crop seeds in the months of 4-5, cleaning weeds in an orchard before sowing, rotating soil by using a rotary plow to a depth of 10-15 cm, leveling and finely watering the soil, adopting a sowing mode of broadcasting, covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 1-2 cm, compacting, watering at a proper time according to soil moisture content to ensure smooth emergence, and sowing the bamboos and the crop seeds according to 2-2.5 kg per mu;
s8: managing the bamboo beans, after sprouting, applying a small amount of microbial fertilizer, wherein the microbial fertilizer has the effects of fixing hydrogen, decomposing phosphorus, decomposing potassium and secreting active substances after being applied to soil, can increase the soil fertility, enables plants to grow strongly, improves the nutritional status, plays a role in biological control on harmful microorganisms, applies 3-3.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu in seedling stage topdressing, applies a small amount of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer properly, and reasonably controls the relative water content of the soil in the rapid growth period of green manure;
s9: green manure harvesting, wherein when 70% of pods turn yellow and 70% of the seeds turn black and harden after 7-8 months, the harvested plants are placed for 2-3 days to ensure that the seeds are completely mature, then threshed and aired, and when the bamboo beans are harvested, the stubble is left about 10cm, soil loosening and fertilization are performed after harvesting, 5-8 kg of urea is applied to each mu, the urea is added along with a leavening agent to be turned into soil, the depth of the soil is controlled to be 10-15 cm deep, water is timely irrigated after turning, decomposition is accelerated, the conversion rate of the green manure is improved, the bamboo beans are harvested for multiple times in a flower and fruit period, then the bamboo beans are harvested once every 20-30 days according to the growth condition of the grass, soil loosening and fertilization are performed after each harvesting, 1.5-2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu after harvesting, when the bamboo beans are harvested for the last time, part of the bamboo beans are selectively harvested and then covered on a seedling emergence place, and the bamboo beans are cut off by a mower in a formal harvest time, the cut bamboo beans are pressed into the soil with a leaven, the depth of the soil is controlled to be 10-15 cm, water is timely irrigated after the pressing, the decomposition is accelerated, the conversion rate of green manure is improved, the relative water content of the soil is improved from 60% -65% to 85% -90% after the pressing, the decomposition speed of the vetch and the bamboo beans is accelerated, the release speed of nutrients is accelerated, sufficient nutrients are further supplied for the picking of honey pomelos, and the vetch, the bamboo beans and the honey pomelo trees can form a complementary relationship in terms of nutrient utilization, so that the nutrient circulation and the continuous production of an orchard are facilitated.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and equivalents of some technical features are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for annual ecological interplanting of green manure in a red soil honey pomelo garden is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a land mass, namely planting honey pomelos and green manure in subacid red soil which has a deep soil layer, loose and porous soil and good air permeability and drainage capacity, wherein the planting density of the honey pomelos varies according to the terrain;
s2: selecting green manure, namely selecting the green manure suitable for the loose and porous slightly acidic soil with good air permeability and water drainage capability in S1, and adopting vetch and bamboo beans as the green manure of the honey pomelo orchard;
s3: deeply ploughing green-manure land blocks and applying base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and ploughing in September orchard trimming, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30-40 cm, the base fertilizer is doped in the deep ploughing process, after the land blocks are finished being sorted, applying a layer of base fertilizer on the surface layer, uniformly dividing the periphery of the honey pomelo tree into eight green-manure planting areas, and arranging the hairy vetch and the bamboo beans around the honey pomelo tree in a staggered manner along the circumference;
s4: seed treatment, namely selecting fresh and plump seeds as seeds from the hairy vetch, soaking the seeds of the hairy vetch and the seeds of the bamboo beans in normal-temperature water for 24 hours, then soaking the seeds in a sodium selenite solution for 8 hours, and finally airing the seeds for 1 to 3 days in the sun, and mixing the seeds with a rhizobium inoculant in the room 3 to 5 days before sowing, wherein the dosage of the rhizobium inoculant is 0.5 to 0.6 kg per mu;
s5: sowing hairy vetch, starting sowing seeds of hairy vetch crops from the last ten days of 8 months to the last 9 months, removing weeds in an orchard before sowing, rotating soil 8-10 cm deep by using a rotary plow, leveling and thinning soil and watering thoroughly, sowing in a broadcast mode, covering soil after sowing, and compacting, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 1-2 cm, so that seeds are prevented from being hung dry, seedling emergence is influenced, and the hairy vetch is sown according to 2-3 kg per mu;
s6: managing the hair-leaf vetch, applying a small amount of microbial fertilizer after budding, watering once in time after harvesting the honey pomelos if the soil water content is lower than 60%, applying a compound fertilizer, 5-10 kg per mu, watering once frozen water before sealing, ensuring the safety of the hair-leaf vetch over winter, and applying 10-15 kg per mu of compound fertilizer in combination with fruit tree irrigation and once green-turning water when turning green in the second year for rapid growth of green manure, wherein the relative water content of the soil is reasonably controlled in the green-turning period and the growth period of the green manure;
s7: sowing the bamboos, namely sowing the bamboos and the crop seeds in the months of 4-5, cleaning weeds in an orchard before sowing, rotating soil by using a rotary plow to a depth of 10-15 cm, leveling and finely watering the soil, adopting a sowing mode of broadcasting, covering soil after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 1-2 cm, compacting, watering at a proper time according to soil moisture content to ensure smooth emergence, and sowing the bamboos and the crop seeds according to 2-2.5 kg per mu;
s8: managing the bamboo beans, applying a small amount of microbial fertilizer after sprouting, applying 3-3.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu of topdressing in the seedling stage, properly applying a small amount of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and reasonably controlling the relative water content of the soil in the rapid growth period of green manure;
s9: green manure harvesting, wherein when 70% of pods turn yellow and 70% of the seeds turn black and harden after 7-8 months, the harvested plants are placed for 2-3 days to ensure that the seeds are completely mature, then threshed and aired, and when the bamboo beans are harvested, the stubble is left about 10cm, soil loosening and fertilization are performed after harvesting, 5-8 kg of urea is applied to each mu, the urea is added along with a leavening agent to be turned into soil, the depth of the soil is controlled to be 10-15 cm deep, water is timely irrigated after turning, decomposition is accelerated, the conversion rate of the green manure is improved, the bamboo beans are harvested for multiple times in a flower and fruit period, then the bamboo beans are harvested once every 20-30 days according to the growth condition of the grass, soil loosening and fertilization are performed after each harvesting, 1.5-2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu after harvesting, when the bamboo beans are harvested for the last time, part of the bamboo beans are selectively harvested and then covered on a seedling emergence place, and the bamboo beans are cut off by a mower in a formal harvest time, the cut bamboo beans are turned over and pressed into the soil along with a leavening agent, the depth of the soil is controlled to be 10-15 cm, water is timely irrigated after the turning over and pressing, the decomposition is accelerated, and the conversion rate of green manure is improved.
2. The cultivation method for annual ecological interplanting of green manure in a red soil honey pomelo orchard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting soil of honey pomelo and green manure in S1 is preferably sandy loam, the pH value of sandy loam is controlled to 4.5-6, the porosity is controlled to 10-15%, and the oxygen content is controlled to 6-10%.
3. The cultivation method for the annual ecological interplanting of the red soil honey pomelo orchard according to claim 1 is characterized in that a preparation method of a base fertilizer in S3 is as follows: uniformly mixing 30% of leaf mold, 15% of animal manure, 30% of sandy loam and 10% of sawdust, mixing the mixture with 15% of microbial fertilizer after disinfection, and finally adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 4.5-6.
4. The cultivation method for the annual ecological interplanting of the red-earth honey pomelo orchard according to claim 1, is characterized in that the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer applied after harvesting of the honey pomelos in S6 is 18: 15: 5, N, P, K proportion in the compound fertilizer applied in the green turning period is 18: 5: 5.
5. the cultivation method for the annual ecological interplanting of the green manure in the red soil honey pomelo orchard is characterized in that the relative water content of the soil in the green returning period in S6 is controlled to be 60-70%, and the relative water content of the soil in the growing period is controlled to be 65-75%.
6. The cultivation method for the annual ecological interplanting of the red soil honey pomelo garden as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the vetch and the bamboo beans in S9 are watered in time after being turned over and pressed, so that the relative water content of the soil is increased from 60-65% to 85-90%.
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