CN113039987A - Method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in dry alkaline land - Google Patents
Method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in dry alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in a dry alkaline land, and belongs to the technical field of tea tree planting. A method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in a dry alkaline land sequentially comprises the steps of tea tree branch decoction liquid preparation, nutrient water preparation, yellow slurry preparation, slurry root dipping, auxiliary water retention agent and sulfur powder application for planting, root fixing water pouring, shaping and pruning. The method can transplant tea seedlings in dry alkaline land with poor standing conditions, effectively promote the meristematic ability of root tip tissues of the tea seedlings to be enhanced, improve the disease-resistant and antibacterial abilities of the fibrous roots of the tea seedlings, improve the binding degree of soil and the fibrous roots of the tea seedlings, continuously provide nutrient elements for root systems, ensure smooth substance transportation channels and promote the rapid growth of the root systems and overground parts of the tea seedlings by adjusting the soil environment and nutrient elements, thereby achieving the remarkable effect of improving the survival rate of the transplanted tea seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tea tree planting, and particularly relates to a method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in dry alkaline land.
Background
The tea tree has the life habits of being acid-loving and alkali-afraid, moisture-loving and waterlogging, direct light-loving and warm-loving and frost-afraid and the like, and the tea tree has developed root system and vigorous overground part growth under the conditions of slightly acidic soil (pH value of 4.5-6.5), rich organic matter content, moisture, good air permeability and the like. Under the conditions of over-high alkalinity (pH value is greater than 7.5) or over-low acidity (pH value is less than 4.5), poor soil, drought, hardening, poor air permeability and the like, the root system of the tea tree is undeveloped, the overground part grows weakly, and the serious tea tree die due to withering and yellow. The transplanting of the tea seedlings is a key technical link in centralized seedling culture and standardized construction of tea gardens. The tea tree seedling is divided into sexual line seedling and clone seedling, and the seedling cultured by using tea tree fruit tree is called sexual line tea seedling, also called seedling. The clonal tea seedlings are called by cutting seedling and tissue culture seedling of the tea tree branches. The main root of the sexual tea seedling is developed compared with the lateral root, the vegetative tea seedling has no main root, and the lateral root is developed. Under the adverse conditions of less rainfall, drought soil, alkaline soil (pH value of 6.8-7.8) and the like, the tea seedlings are planted, and the survival rate of the tea seedlings is low. How to plant tea seedlings to promote rooting and growth under the condition of poor site conditions is always a problem which is addressed by science and technology personnel in the tea field.
Chinese patent document CN1335290A discloses a rooting water-retaining agent, which is prepared from 70-80% of super absorbent resin and (NH)4)2HPO49-12 percent of boric acid, 0.4-0.7 percent of boric acid and K2SO43 to 5 percent of fulvic acid, 7 to 11 percent of fulvic acid, 4 to 7 percent of sucrose, 0.03 to 0.08 percent of naphthylacetic acid and 0.03 to 0.08 percent of indolebutyric acid, and the components are reasonably mixed, sealed and packaged. The product efficiency is not only simple combination and superposition of single efficiency of each component, but also more reasonable, scientific and efficient combination, and can stimulate the growth and development of seedling root systems, continuously preserve water, supply water and relieve fertilizer and water, thereby greatly improving the survival rate of tree planting and promoting the production and development of the seedlings. However, the rooting water-retaining agent is prepared by applying the super absorbent resin and other nutrient components to the seedlings at the same time, the super absorbent resin has the functions of continuously retaining water and supplying water, once the super absorbent resin is contacted with water, other nutrient components are instantly diluted, the time for supplying nutrition to the seedlings is prolonged, but the short-term nutrient concentration is far insufficient to support the seedlings to better adapt to a new environment, so that the seedlings can quickly root and survive.
Chinese patent document CN103910564A discloses a tea seedling transplanting and protecting substrate suitable for soil with a higher pH value and a manufacturing process thereof, wherein the tea seedling transplanting and protecting substrate contains the following substances in parts by weight: 4500 part of sulphur 5500 part, 4500 part of turf 5500 part and FeSO4500-600 parts of Al2(SO4)3550 portions of 450 and KH2PO4800-1500 parts and NAA4-7 parts. The raw materials of the matrix are fully stirred and uniformly mixed, a layer of plastic film is covered on the mixture, the mixture is placed for more than 3 days, and the pH value of the matrix is reduced from 5.2-5.5 to 3.5-3.4 after 3 days. The substrate can improve the rhizosphere environment of the tea seedlings, reduce the pH of the rhizosphere soil of the tea seedlings, facilitate the growth of root systems, effectively improve the transplanting survival rate of the tea seedlings and promote the growth of the tea seedlings. The tea seedling transplanting is to make a matrix in advance, and transplant the tea seedling after standing for 3 days; however, the pH value of the substrate is as low as 3.4, so that the pH reduction of the substrate with proper pH value, which ensures that the rhizosphere soil of the tea seedlings reaches 4.5-5.5 when the tea seedlings are transplanted, is realized by placing the substrate with proper pH value for 3 days, and the reduction of the alkalinity of the rhizosphere soil of the tea seedlings to 4.5-5.5 is realizedAnd (4) determining.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in a drought alkaline land aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein the tea seedlings are transplanted in the drought alkaline land with poor standing conditions, the meristematic capacity of root tip tissues of the tea seedlings is effectively promoted to be enhanced by adjusting the soil environment and nutrient elements, the disease-resistant and antibacterial capacities of fibrous roots of the tea seedlings are improved, the combination degree of soil and the fibrous roots of the tea seedlings is improved, the nutrient elements are continuously provided for root systems, the smoothness of material transportation channels is ensured, and the rapid growth of the root systems and overground parts of the tea seedlings is promoted, so that the remarkable effect of improving the transplanting and survival of the tea seedlings is achieved.
According to practical analysis, the applicant considers that the following situations mainly exist in influencing the survival rate of the transplanted tea seedlings:
1) the insufficient or excessive water in the environment of the tea seedling root directly influences the nutrient absorption and the material transportation of the tea seedling root; 2) the tea seedlings cannot survive due to insufficient or excessive soil nutrients and failure to provide nutrition for the tea seedlings or backflow of water in the tea seedlings; 3) germs exist in soil to damage root tips, influence the meristem cell meristem of root hair growing points and cause root rot; 4) the content and activity of aluminum ions in the soil are reduced due to overhigh alkalinity (pH value is more than 7.5) or overlow alkalinity (pH value is less than 4.0), and the aluminum ions lose absorption and transmission in tea seedlings; 5) the tea seedlings leave the seedbed and lose too much water, the physiological functions of the tea seedlings are damaged, and the vitality cannot be recovered; 6) the tea seedling variety has poor self adaptability and resistance and is not suitable for new environment.
Due to the change of the variety characteristics and the cultivation environmental conditions of the tea trees and the improper technical operation, the tea seedlings are difficult to root after being transplanted, and cannot absorb, conduct and metabolize nutrients, so that the tea seedlings are the direct reasons of slow growth and low survival rate after being transplanted.
Based on the factors influencing the survival of the transplanted tea seedlings, the applicant develops systematic research on how to reasonably improve the soil environment and create favorable conditions for the rooting and survival of the tea seedlings. The invention is provided and explored on the basis, and finally successfully researches a method for promoting rooting of tea seedlings transplanted in a dry alkaline land, thereby effectively solving the problems of difficult rooting and low survival rate of tea seedling transplantation.
In China, with the adjustment of the structure of the agricultural planting industry, tea planting has the tendency that south tea moves to the north and east tea moves to the west. However, the rainfall in the north and the west of China is less, the soil pH value is generally neutral and alkaline, the soil cannot be well adapted to tea seedling transplantation and tea tree growth, and the soil needs to be effectively improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in a drought alkaline land comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting the pruned partial lignified tea tree branches, soaking the tea tree branches for 10-14h according to the proportion of adding 4-6kg of water into 1kg of branches, boiling the tea tree branches for 1.5-2.5h, fishing out the branches, filtering out impurities, and preparing tea branch strip soaking and boiling liquid for later use;
step 2: when the tea tree branch digestion solution is cooled to 30 ℃, sequentially weighing and dissolving 2.4-2.9kg of nutritional agent in every 100kg of tea tree branch digestion solution, and fully stirring and dissolving to prepare nutritional water;
and step 3: selecting an uncultivated yellow loam land, shoveling 10cm of surface soil, taking pollution-free and pest-free yellow core soil, smashing, fully stirring the yellow core soil with prepared nutrient water and slurry to be thick, and taking the slurry to a degree that the slurry is not dropped downwards by using the root system of the tea seedling;
and 4, step 4: the tea seedlings for transplanting meet the quality standard of qualified seedlings, the transplanting time is 10-11 months in the current year or 2-3 months in the next year, when the tea seedlings are ready for planting, the root systems of the tea seedlings are fully dipped with slurry, and the yellow slurry is required to wrap all fibrous roots of the tea seedlings and be tightly combined with the root tips;
and 5: placing tea seedlings with roots fully dipped with slurry into planting holes, slightly lifting the tea seedlings with one hand, respectively taking 2.8-3.5g of water retention agent and 4-6g of sulfur powder with the other hand, uniformly mixing the water retention agent and the sulfur powder with 100g of fine soil on the spot, uniformly applying the mixture into the planting holes radially in four directions, backfilling the soil to the root necks of the tea seedlings, and treading flat and treading tightly;
step 6: after planting tea seedlings, watering enough root fixing water, watering for 7d, watering for 1 time with nutrient water, watering for 1 time every 30d, and continuously watering for 3 times.
Preferably, the nutritional agents include: the rice vinegar is 450-550g in mass.
Preferably, the nutritional agent further comprises: carbendazim with the mass of 180-220 g.
Preferably, the nutritional agent further comprises: the ABT rooting powder is 4-6g in mass.
Preferably, the nutritional agent further comprises: 220g of borax 180-.
Preferably, the step 2 is: and when the tea tree branch digestion solution is cooled to 30 ℃, sequentially weighing and dissolving 200g of borax, 300g of dipotassium phosphate, 200g of zinc sulfate, 200g of potassium sulfate, 1000g of cane sugar, 500g of rice vinegar, 200g of carbendazim and 5g of ABT rooting powder in each 100kg of tea tree branch digestion solution, and fully stirring and dissolving to prepare the nutrient water.
Preferably, the method for promoting rooting and survival of the tea seedlings transplanted in the drought alkaline land further comprises the following steps: shaping and trimming the transplanted tea seedlings.
Preferably, the shape pruning is specifically: after the tea seedlings are planted, fixed shearing is carried out 15cm away from the ground, and the second fixed shearing and the third fixed shearing are respectively increased by 15cm above the last shearing opening, so that the multi-branch side of the tea trees is promoted, and the tea tree picking area is enlarged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention develops systematic research aiming at the biological characteristics and growth habits of tea trees, and aiming at improving alkaline soil, solving the problems of water shortage of drought soil, poor rooting capability of tea seedlings, weak growth vigor of the tea seedlings and the like, and summarizes a method for promoting the rooting of the tea seedlings transplanted in the dry alkaline land, so that the transplanted tea seedlings rapidly grow roots, and the survival rate is obviously improved.
Firstly, the invention prepares the digestion solution by pruning partial lignified tea tree branches, the lignified tea tree branches contain various nutrient substances, and the pruned tea tree branches are soaked and cooked to obtain the nutrient substances such as polysaccharide, amino acid, trace elements, auxin and the like in the tea tree branches, thereby providing nutrition for the roots of tea seedlings.
Secondly, a proper amount of monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, cane sugar and the like are dissolved in the nutrient water, so that nutrient elements are provided for the transplanting and rooting of the tea seedlings and the growth of plants.
Thirdly, the invention dissolves a proper amount of rice vinegar in the nutrient water to adjust the pH value of the soil, so that the tea seedlings grow in the soil environment with the pH value of 5.5-6.5. According to the research, the rooting and the growth of the tea trees are carried out by material conduction through aluminum ions, nutrient elements absorbed by roots are transported to the plants on the ground, and then metabolites of the overground parts are transported downwards to play a role of a carrier. And the content of aluminum ions in the soil with over-high alkalinity is reduced and the activity is lost. The aluminum ions in the acid soil are enriched and the activity is increased. It is also one of the alkaline-philic and acid-loving habits of tea tree.
In addition, the invention dissolves a proper amount of carbendazim in the nutrient water, and the functions of the invention are disease resistance and antibiosis, and promote the early rooting and fast growth of the tea seedlings.
The invention adds proper ABT rooting powder into nutrient water to induce rooting, and the ABT rooting powder with the concentration of 30-50ppm is beneficial to inducing tea seedlings to root.
The yellow loam core soil adopted by the invention is acidic, and the yellow mud can more tightly wrap the fibrous roots of the tea seedlings, thereby being beneficial to the absorption of the fibrous roots to nutrients in the soil and the conduction of metabolic substances.
In addition, the water retaining agent used in the present invention is a conventional polymer material, such as: the acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked polymer or the starch grafted acrylate copolymer cross-linked polymer has extremely strong water absorption capacity, is non-toxic and harmless, can repeatedly release water and absorb water, can absorb fertilizers, pesticides, growth factors and the like, slowly releases the fertilizers, the pesticides, the growth factors and the like, and is continuously effective within 3 to 5 years. The existing water-retaining agent can absorb 300 times of water by weight of the existing water-retaining agent, the absorption volume is expanded, and a proper amount of 2.8-3.5g of water-retaining agent is applied to each hole. The effect cannot be achieved when the application amount is too small; the application amount is too large, the roots of the tea seedlings can be surrounded after water absorption, an isolation layer is formed between soil and the root system artificially, nutrient and water absorption of the root system of the tea seedlings and conduction of metabolic substances are seriously hindered, and the tea seedlings cannot grow normally or die.
The sulfur powder in the invention can be oxidized by oxygen in soilFormation of SO4 2-And H+And the pH value of the soil can be adjusted to be below 6.0. The water-retaining agent is mixed for use, and the requirements of the tea seedling root on acidic environment, moisture and the like are met.
According to the traditional method for transplanting and managing the tea seedlings, 50 days are needed for rooting, the new roots of the tea seedlings within 90 days are not more than 7cm, the vitality of the tea seedlings is not strong, and the survival rate of the tea seedlings is lower than 60%. By adopting the method for transplanting and managing the tea seedlings, the tea seedlings can be enabled to grow roots 20 days earlier, the length of new roots within 90 days can reach 15cm, the vitality is strong, and the survival rate of the tea seedlings can reach more than 95%.
According to the invention, the tea tree branch decoction is used for preparing nutrient water, the nutrient water and yellow slurry are used, the root system is fully dipped in the slurry, the water-retaining agent and sulfur powder are applied to planting holes in a precise manner, and the like, so that the survival rate of tea seedlings is greatly improved in the production practice of transplanting the tea seedlings in dry alkaline land, and the survival rate of the tea seedlings is improved by more than 35% on a same scale.
The method has the advantages of high innovation degree, clear technical line, easy operation of the process, obvious improvement of the survival rate of the tea seedlings, reduction of watering and seedling supplement, great saving of manpower, material resources and financial resources and extremely wide market application.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to clearly illustrate the contents of the present invention, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following examples. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
The dry alkaline land in the invention refers to a land block which has dry soil, poor water holding capacity, organic matter content of less than 0.5%, pH value of 6.8-8.0 and relatively flat soil or slope of less than 25 degrees because the annual rainfall is less than 600 mm. The tea garden is not suitable for being established in the land with the soil organic matter content of less than 0.05 percent, the pH value of more than 8.5 and the gradient of more than 25 degrees.
The technical circuit of the invention sequentially comprises the steps of tea tree branch decoction liquid preparation, nutrient water preparation, yellow slurry preparation, slurry root dipping, auxiliary application of a water-retaining agent and sulfur powder for planting, root fixing water pouring, shaping and pruning. Other field management is carried out according to a conventional method.
Example 1
A method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in a drought alkaline land comprises the following steps:
step 1, tea tree branch digestion solution preparation
Collecting the pruned partial lignified tea tree branches, soaking the tea tree branches for 12h according to the proportion of adding 5kg of clear water into 1kg of branches, boiling the tea tree branches for 2h, fishing out the branches, filtering out impurities, and preparing tea branch strip soaking and boiling liquid for later use;
step 2, when the tea tree branch digestion solution is cooled to 30 ℃, sequentially weighing and dissolving 200g of borax, 300g of dipotassium phosphate, 200g of zinc sulfate, 200g of potassium sulfate, 1000g of cane sugar, 500g of rice vinegar, 200g of carbendazim and 5g of ABT rooting powder into every 100kg of the tea tree branch digestion solution, and fully stirring and dissolving to prepare nutrient water;
step 3, preparing yellow mud
Selecting an uncultivated yellow loam land, shoveling 10cm of surface soil, taking pollution-free and pest-free yellow core soil, smashing, fully stirring the yellow core soil with prepared nutrient water and slurry to be thick, and taking the slurry to a degree that the slurry is not dropped downwards by using the root system of the tea seedling;
step 4, dipping the root in yellow mud
The tea seedlings for transplanting reach the qualified seedling quality standard (the current tea tree seedling standard GB 11767-2003I, II level), and the transplanting time is 10-11 months in the current year or 2-3 months in the next year;
according to the conventional method, the seedling lifting and transporting time is required to be shortened as much as possible when the tea seedlings are transplanted in different places, the tea seedlings which cannot be planted in time need to be subjected to treatment such as a heat dissipation layer and the like when the tea seedlings are transported in a long distance, dehydration and heating are prevented, concentrated temporary planting is required, and the tea seedlings are not directly exposed outside;
shading is carried out when the tea seedlings are temporarily planted, the roots are irrigated with nutrient water every day, the overground parts of the tea seedlings are irrigated with tea branch strip decoction liquid, and the tea seedling plants are kept moist; the tea seedlings are transplanted within 7 days;
when the tea seedling is ready for planting, the root system of the tea seedling is dipped in the slurry, and the yellow slurry is required to wrap all fibrous roots of the root of the tea seedling and be tightly combined with the root tip;
step 5, applying water-retaining agent and sulfur powder for planting;
placing tea seedlings with roots fully dipped with slurry into a planting hole, slightly lifting the tea seedlings with one hand, respectively taking 3g of water retention agent and 5g of sulfur powder with the other hand, uniformly mixing the water retention agent and the sulfur powder with 100g of fine soil on the spot, uniformly applying the mixture into the planting hole radially in four directions, backfilling the soil to the root neck of the tea seedlings, and treading flat and treading tightly;
step 6, watering root fixing water
After the tea seedlings are planted, sufficient root fixing water is poured; then 7d, watering for 1 time by nutrient water; watering for 1 time every 30d, and continuously watering for 3 times;
step 7, shaping and trimming
After planting tea seedlings, fixedly shearing and trimming 15cm away from the ground; and the second pruning and the third pruning are respectively improved by 15cm on the last pruning port, so that the multi-branch side of the tea tree is promoted, and the tea tree picking surface is expanded.
The tea seedlings are transplanted in the dry alkaline land by adopting the method of the embodiment, and the rooting time is within 30 d; the length of the new root is 14.5-15.4cm within 90 days, and the survival rate of the tea seedling is 97.1%.
Example 2
A method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in a dry alkaline land is different from the method in example 1 in that:
step 1, tea tree branch digestion solution preparation
Collecting pruned partial lignified tea tree branches, soaking the tea tree branches for 10h according to the proportion of adding 4kg of water into 1kg of branches, boiling the tea tree branches for 1.5h, fishing out the branches, filtering out impurities, and preparing tea branch strip soaking and boiling liquid for later use;
step 2, when the tea tree branch digestion solution is cooled to 30 ℃, sequentially weighing and dissolving 180g of borax, 280g of dipotassium phosphate, 180g of zinc sulfate, 180g of potassium sulfate, 950g of cane sugar, 450g of rice vinegar, 180g of carbendazim and 4g of ABT rooting powder in each 100kg of tea tree branch digestion solution, and fully stirring and dissolving to prepare nutrient water;
step 5, applying water retention agent and sulfur powder for planting
Placing tea seedlings with roots fully dipped with slurry into planting holes, slightly lifting the tea seedlings with one hand, respectively taking 2.8g of water retention agent and 4g of sulfur powder with the other hand, uniformly mixing the water retention agent and the sulfur powder with 100g of fine soil on the spot, uniformly applying the mixture into the planting holes radially in four directions, backfilling the soil to the root necks of the tea seedlings, and treading flat and treading tightly;
the tea seedlings are transplanted in the dry alkaline land by adopting the method of the embodiment, and the rooting time is within 30 d; the length of the new root is 14.2-15.0cm within 90 days, and the survival rate of the tea seedling is 95.8%.
Example 3
A method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in a dry alkaline land is different from the method in example 1 in that:
step 1, tea tree branch digestion solution preparation
Collecting pruned partial lignified tea tree branches, soaking the tea tree branches for 14h according to the proportion of adding 6kg of water into 1kg of branches, boiling the tea tree branches for 2.5h, fishing out the branches, filtering out impurities, and preparing tea branch strip soaking and boiling liquid for later use;
step 2, when the tea tree branch digestion solution is cooled to 30 ℃, sequentially weighing and dissolving 220g of borax, 320g of dipotassium phosphate, 220g of zinc sulfate, 220g of potassium sulfate, 1050g of cane sugar, 550g of rice vinegar, 220g of carbendazim and 6g of ABT rooting powder in every 100kg of tea tree branch digestion solution, and fully stirring and dissolving to prepare nutrient water;
step 5, applying water retention agent and sulfur powder for planting
Placing tea seedlings with roots fully dipped with slurry into planting holes, slightly lifting the tea seedlings with one hand, respectively taking 3.5g of water retention agent and 6g of sulfur powder with the other hand, uniformly mixing the mixture with 100g of fine soil on the spot, uniformly applying the mixture into the planting holes in a radial manner according to four directions, backfilling the soil to the root necks of the tea seedlings, and treading flat and treading tightly;
the tea seedlings are transplanted in the dry alkaline land by adopting the method of the embodiment, and the rooting time is within 30 d; the length of the new root is 14.3-15.1cm within 90 days, and the survival rate of the tea seedling is 96.2%.
Comparative example 1
A traditional tea seedling transplanting method comprises the following steps:
step 1, garden selection
Selecting a thick soil layer, wherein the pH value of the soil is 4.5-6.5, and the soil is concentrated into a plot with the gradient of less than 15 degrees and can be planned into a tea area;
step 2, reclaiming the garden
Removing obstacles before the tea garden is reclaimed; digging more than 60 cm deeply for a land block with a hard disc layer and a live soil layer of less than 50 cm through manual or mechanical operation to break a plough bottom layer or the hard disc layer; the depth of the live soil layer is more than 60 cm, the land blocks without hard disk layers have the initial reclamation depth of more than 50 cm, and the reclamation depth is more than 30 cm;
step 3, applying sufficient base fertilizer
Deeply turning and improving soil, drawing grooves and changing soil in advance in summer and autumn and winter, applying 1500-3000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu, or 250 kilograms of organic base fertilizer and 30 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, or 300 kilograms of cake fertilizer, deeply applying 50 centimeters as base fertilizer, and backfilling ditch soil;
step 4, variety selection
Selecting proper-cultivation proper excellent clone tea seedlings;
step 5, planting time
Selecting clonal standard tea seedlings, carrying soil, dipping pulp and transplanting in late autumn 10-12 ten days before the first month, or in the next year in early spring 2-3 ten days after the first month, sufficiently applying base fertilizer in the first 1 month of planting, applying more base fertilizer, and topdressing in the later period;
step 6, specification of nursery stock
The specification of the nursery stock reaches the national first-grade and second-grade nursery stock standards, the height of the nursery stock is 20-35 cm, the stem diameter is 3-4 mm, the lateral roots are 3-8, and the nursery stock is strong without diseases and insect pests;
step 7, planting tea seedlings
Adopting a wide-narrow row planting mode, wherein the wide row is 150 cm, the narrow row is 30-35 cm, the plant spacing is 30-40 cm, adopting triangular planting, 1 plant is planted in each hole, and 2500-;
in the plot with the gradient width of less than 3 meters, a single-row planting mode is adopted, the row spacing is 150 centimeters, the plant spacing is 30-40 centimeters, 1 plant is planted in each hole, and about 2700 plants are planted per mu;
step 8, planting method
The tea seedlings are mixed externally, soil is carried as much as possible when the tea seedlings are lifted, the roots are bound by a wet straw rope after the tea seedlings are bound, the roots are kept wet and are transported quickly, the roots are dipped in yellow mud in time for planting, and the roots are not ready for transplanting and are temporarily planted in time; during cultivation, deep groove shallow planting is taken to stretch the root system of the tea seedling, after treading is performed, root fixing water is thoroughly poured, and fine soil of 3-4 cm is covered to the root and stem;
after planting, the seedlings are cut according to the height of 15cm, wheat straws, hay and the like are spread on two sides of the tea seedlings, and the thickness of the tea seedlings is 8-10 cm; watering once every 3d after planting, continuously watering for 7 times, and watering once every 15 d; watering once every 5-7 days before the tea seedlings survive; well performing drought prevention and waterlogging drainage; watering in good time when drought occurs; draining in time in rainy season, and well storing water;
step 9, scientific fertilization
Scientific fertilization, wherein deep basal fertilizer application is taken as a main fertilizer and additional fertilizer application is taken as an auxiliary fertilizer, and the fertilization is carried out for multiple times in spring, summer and autumn; the base fertilizer comprises cake fertilizer, green manure, stable manure, composting fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer, special fertilizer for tea trees and the like; interplanting leguminous green manure, and deeply burying the leguminous green manure in autumn and winter;
paving grass (or covering film, peat) in a whole garden to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and the soil environment, culture soil organisms, increase organic matters and biological activity and improve soil fertility;
step 10, timely seedling supplementing
According to observation and measurement, the tea seedlings are transplanted and managed according to the conventional method, 50 days are needed for rooting, new roots of the tea seedlings within 90 days are 6.5-7cm, the survival rate of the tea seedlings is 58-60%, if the tea seedlings are dry in weather, the management cannot be in place in time, and the survival rate of the transplanted tea seedlings is less than 40% or lower; seedling checking and supplementing are needed in time, and tea seedlings of the same variety are supplemented before rainy days or in rain;
step 11, comprehensive control of diseases, pests and weeds
According to the production standard and relevant regulations of pollution-free, green and organic tea, agricultural, biological, chemical and other means are comprehensively applied to control diseases, pests and weeds in due time; advocating artificial weeding;
step 12, shaping and trimming
The cut of the spring-planted tea seedling is increased by 15cm in summer and autumn in the current year, and the first fixed shearing is carried out, and the height of the cut is 30 cm; carrying out second pruning in 10 months in the next year, and keeping the height of 45 cm; and in summer and autumn of 3 rd and 4 th years, carrying out third and fourth pruning, and keeping the height of 60 cm and 70 cm.
In conclusion, the method for transplanting the tea seedlings in the dry alkaline land has the advantages that the survival rate of the tea seedlings is greatly improved, and compared with the traditional transplanting method, the survival rate is improved by more than 35 percent, and the method has remarkable progress.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in a dry alkaline land is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting the pruned partial lignified tea tree branches, soaking the tea tree branches for 10-14h according to the proportion of adding 4-6kg of water into 1kg of branches, boiling the tea tree branches for 1.5-2.5h, fishing out the branches, filtering out impurities, and preparing tea branch strip soaking and boiling liquid for later use;
step 2: when the tea tree branch digestion solution is cooled to 30 ℃, sequentially weighing and dissolving 2.4-2.9kg of nutritional agent in every 100kg of tea tree branch digestion solution, and fully stirring and dissolving to prepare nutritional water;
and step 3: selecting an uncultivated yellow loam land, shoveling 10cm of surface soil, taking pollution-free and pest-free yellow core soil, smashing, fully stirring the yellow core soil with prepared nutrient water and slurry to be thick, and taking the slurry to a degree that the slurry is not dropped downwards by using the root system of the tea seedling;
and 4, step 4: the tea seedlings for transplanting meet the quality standard of qualified seedlings, the transplanting time is 10-11 months in the current year or 2-3 months in the next year, when the tea seedlings are ready for planting, the root systems of the tea seedlings are fully dipped with slurry, and the yellow slurry is required to wrap all fibrous roots of the tea seedlings and be tightly combined with the root tips;
and 5: placing tea seedlings with roots fully dipped with slurry into planting holes, slightly lifting the tea seedlings with one hand, respectively taking 2.8-3.5g of water retention agent and 4-6g of sulfur powder with the other hand, uniformly mixing the water retention agent and the sulfur powder with 100g of fine soil on the spot, uniformly applying the mixture into the planting holes radially in four directions, backfilling the soil to the root necks of the tea seedlings, and treading flat and treading tightly;
step 6: after planting tea seedlings, watering enough root fixing water, watering for 7d, watering for 1 time with nutrient water, watering for 1 time every 30d, and continuously watering for 3 times.
2. The method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in drought alkaline land as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutritional agent comprises rice vinegar, and the mass of the rice vinegar is 450-550 g.
3. The method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in drought alkaline land as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutritional agent further comprises: carbendazim with the mass of 180-220 g.
4. The method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in drought alkaline land as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutritional agent further comprises: the ABT rooting powder is 4-6g in mass.
5. The method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in drought alkaline land as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutritional agent further comprises: 220g of borax 180-.
6. The method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted into dry alkaline land according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the nutrient agent comprises 220g of borax 180-.
7. The method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in drought alkaline land of claim 6, which comprises the following steps: the step 2 is as follows: and when the tea tree branch digestion solution is cooled to 30 ℃, sequentially weighing and dissolving 200g of borax, 300g of dipotassium phosphate, 200g of zinc sulfate, 200g of potassium sulfate, 1000g of cane sugar, 500g of rice vinegar, 200g of carbendazim and 5g of ABT rooting powder in each 100kg of tea tree branch digestion solution, and fully stirring and dissolving to prepare the nutrient water.
8. The method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in drought alkaline land as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in the drought alkaline land further comprises the following steps: shaping and trimming the transplanted tea seedlings.
9. The method for promoting rooting and survival of tea seedlings transplanted in drought alkaline land of claim 8, which comprises the following steps: the shaping pruning specifically comprises the following steps: after the tea seedlings are planted, the tea seedlings are fixedly cut and trimmed off 15cm away from the ground, and the cut of the tea seedlings is respectively increased by 15cm in the second and third fixed cutting.
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