AU2020102132A4

AU2020102132A4 - Torreya Grandis-Specific Organic Fertilizer and Preparation Method Thereof

Info

Publication number: AU2020102132A4
Application number: AU2020102132A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Jianping Chen; Shiming CHENG; Sufang HAN; Weixiao HONG; Yaqun Liu; Jin Wang; Feiying ZHANG
Original assignee: Zhejiang Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Zhejiang Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2019-12-03
Filing date: 2020-09-04
Publication date: 2020-10-15
Anticipated expiration: 2028-09-04
Also published as: CN110937953A

Abstract

The present invention discloses a Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 30 to 50 parts of peat, 3 to 10 parts of the cake of camellia oleifera seed, 8 to 15 parts of peanut stem, 3 to 8 parts of potassium fulvate, and 1 to 3 parts of biological matrix composite. The biological matrix composite includes Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis. The organic fertilizer is prepared by a method including: (1) crushing the cake of camellia oleifera seed and peanut stem, then adding the peat, and then adding an appropriate amount of water to make the mixture have a moisture content of 50% to 55%; (2) adding the biological matrix composite to the mixture obtained in step (1), conducting aerobic fermentation for 3 to 5 days with intermittent aeration, and then stacking and aging for 5 to 7 days to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer for use; (3) adding the potassium fulvate to the organic fertilizer obtained in step (2), stirring the resulting mixture thoroughly, and then crushing and sieving; and (4) putting the organic fertilizer mixture obtained in step (3) into a granulator for granulation, and drying to a moisture content lower than 20% to obtain a finished product. The present invention has advantages, such as abundant material sources, feasible technical routes, excellent application effects, and remarkable benefits.

Description

TORREYA GRANDIS-SPECIFIC ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the technical field of forest cultivation, and in particular, to a Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND Torreya grandis, a superior species of Torreya in the family Taxaceae, has been cultivated for more than 1,000 years, the seed of which is a valuable and rare nut unique to China. Torreya grandis nuts are mainly produced in Zhejiang, China, where has about 1400 hm2 of forests for Torreya grandis in total, with an annual output of 1,200 tons to 1,500 tons. A female plant of Torreya grandis needs to be pollinated and fertilized by pollen from a male plant to bear fruit. Since a plant of Torreya grandis blooms, the plant bears fruits in the second year, which takes 17 months; and a generation of Torreya grandis seeds are harvested in the third year, which takes 29 months. A female plant blooms in the second and third ten-day periods of April and is fertilized from June to July. The fruits will mature in the first and second ten-day periods of September in the following year, and a large amount of young fruits fall off from June to August in that year. Around April 20 in the following year, other branches bloom and bear fruits, and at this point, the second peak of fruit drop appears for the 2-year-old young fruits. As the fruits borne in the first and second ten-day periods of September in the last year mature, two types of fruits with different sizes can be seen on the same tree. The big one is the fruit borne in the last year, and the small one is the fruit borne in the current year. Counting in the fruits stored in the last year, it comes up with a saying of "three generations of fruits on the same Torreya grandisplant at several thousand years old". For a long time, problems, such as poor reproduction of Torreya grandis, low survival rate for afforestation, slow growth of seedlings, and late start of production, have not been solved, which seriously hinders the development of Torreya grandis, and results in phenomenons, such as scarce resources, high price, and in short supply on the market. In the traditional production of Torreya grandis seeds, a single fertilizer, such as urea (nitrogen fertilizer) or diammonium phosphate (nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer), is used throughout the year. Due to the unscientific fertilization, for many years, there have been problems, such as low yield and poor quality for Torreya grandis seeds, low utilization for fertilizers, high production cost, and unsatisfactory economic benefits for farmers who cultivate Torreya grandis. In recent years, with the progress of science and technologies, agricultural scientists have conducted in-depth research on the law of fertilizer requirement for the growth of Torreya grandis and on the soil-testing and fertilization techniques, but no satisfactory

Torreya grandis-specificorganic fertilizer has been developed. Peat, also known as turf, was formed in Quaternary by the accumulation of wetland plant residues, which cannot be completely decomposed under the watery and anaerobic conditions. Peat includes a lot of water, partially-decayed plant residues, humic substances and some mineral substance, and is an organic matter that is the most primitive state of coal. Peat, rich in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese and other elements, is a natural organic substance, which is a sterile, non-toxic, nuisance-free, pollution-free and residue-free. Peat is extremely advantageous for plants, and thus is widely used to build lawns, golf courses, football fields, tennis courts, green fields and grasslands, and to plant flowers, etc. Peat is one of the best raw materials for compound fertilizers, but has not been used for forest cultivation at present. It will be definitely of far-reaching significance to develop a special fertilizer suitable for the growth of Torreya grandis by combining peat with existing organic matters and other materials. SUMMARY To solve the existing problems above, the present invention provides a Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof The present invention is implemented by the following technical solution. The present invention provides a Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 30 to 50 parts of peat, 3 to 10 parts of the cake of camellia oleifera seed, 8 to 15 parts of peanut stem, 3 to 8 parts of potassium fulvate, and 1 to 3 parts of biological matrix composite. The biological matrix composite includes Aspergillus niger, Candidatropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis. Preferably, the organic fertilizer includes raw materials, in parts by weight: 30 parts of peat, 3 parts of the cake of camellia oleifera seed, 10 parts of peanut stem, 5 parts of potassium fulvate, and 2 parts of biological matrix composite. Preferably, the peat has a content of free humic acids > 4%. Preferably, the Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis have a colony-forming unit (CFU) ratio of (1-3):(3-4):(1-2) in the biological matrix composite. Preferably, the biological matrix composite has an effective bacteria content greater than 70 million CFU/g. The present invention provides a method for preparing the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer, including the following steps: (1) crushing the cake of camellia oleifera seed and peanut stem, then adding the corresponding peat at an amount in the formula, and then adding an appropriate amount of water to make the mixture have a moisture content of 50% to 55%; (2) adding the biological matrix composite to the mixture obtained in step (1), conducting aerobic fermentation for 3 to 5 days with intermittent aeration, and then stacking and aging for 5 to 7 days to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer for use; (3) adding the potassium fulvate to the organic fertilizer obtained in step (2), stirring the resulting mixture thoroughly, and then crushing and sieving; and (4) putting the organic fertilizer mixture obtained in step (3) into a granulator for granulation, and drying to a moisture content lower than 20% to obtain a finished product. Preferably, in step (4), after the granulation, the organic fertilizer mixture can be sprayed with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution for encapsulation. Preferably, the PVA solution has a concentration of 1.5%. Preferably, in step (3), the sieving is conducted by a 60-mesh sieve. The present invention has the following beneficial effects. For the Torreya grandis-specificorganic fertilizer of the present invention, peat is adopted as a main carrier, biomass materials including the cake of camellia oleifera seed and peanut stem are mixed and added, and then potassium fulvate is added, which can provide enough potassium for Torreya grandis, prevent and control diseases and pests for Torreya grandis, and improve the soil structure. The organic fertilizer of the present invention also includes a biological matrix composite including Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis, which can age the peat, cake of camellia oleifera seed and peanut stem to achieve the complete release of nutrients in each raw material, thus effectively improving the bioavailability of the organic fertilizer. The Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer of the present invention can increase the yield of Torreya grandis seeds, enhance the resistance to drought, waterlogging and freezing, provide comprehensive nutrients, and improve the utilization of a chemical fertilizer. The organic fertilizer of the present invention can also facilitate the reproduction of microorganisms, improve the soil, and boost the growth of the root system (protecting the root) without damaging the roots. The fertilizer can be applied at an amount 1/3 of that for the farmyard manure. Moreover, the fertilizer of the present invention can also improve the soil structure, and enhance the ability of the soil to provide fertilizers, and maintain, buffer and delay the fertility. In conclusion, the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer of the present invention can increase the content of organic matters in the land, continuously provide available potassium and nitrogen for plants, and loosen the soil, which facilitates the growth of the root system of Torreya grandis and ensures the organic fertilizers and nutrients for crops, thus promoting the growth of crops. The organic fertilizer of the present invention requires a simple preparation method, and exhibits a prominent effect. Moreover, the present invention has advantages, such as abundant material sources, feasible technical routes, excellent application effects, remarkable benefits, and a broad market. It is intended that reference to a range of numbers disclosed herein (for example, 1 to 10) also incorporates reference to all rational numbers within that range (for example, 1, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and also any range of rational numbers within that range (for example, 2 to 8, 1.5 to 5.5 and 3.1 to 4.7) and, therefore, all sub-ranges of all ranges expressly disclosed herein are hereby expressly disclosed. These are only examples of what is specifically intended and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated are to be considered to be expressly stated in this application in a similar manner. To those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, many changes in composition and widely differing embodiments and applications of the present invention will suggest themselves without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. The disclosures and the descriptions herein are purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting. Where specific integers are mentioned herein, which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates; such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth. As used herein the term '(s)' following a noun means the plural and/or singular form of that noun. Further, as used herein the term 'and/or' means 'and' or 'or', or where the context allows both. The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages constructions of which the following gives examples only. Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The technical solutions of the present invention will be completely described in detail below with reference to specific examples. Specific Example 1 A Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 30 kg of peat, 3 kg of the cake of camellia oleifera seed, 10 kg of peanut stem, 5 kg of potassium fulvate, and 2 kg of biological matrix composite. The biological matrix composite includes Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis. The

Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis have a CFU ratio of 2:3:1. The biological matrix composite has an effective bacteria content greater than 70 million CFU/g. Further, the peat has a content of free humic acids > 4%. A method for preparing the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) the cake of camellia oleifera seede and peanut stem were crushed, and then added with the corresponding peat at an amount in the formula, and then an appropriate amount of water was added to make the mixture have a moisture content of 50% to 55%; (2) the biological matrix composite was added to the mixture obtained in step (1), aerobic fermentation was conducted for 5 days with intermittent aeration, and then stacking and aging was conducted for 5 days to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer for use; (3) the potassium fulvate was added to the organic fertilizer obtained in step (2), and the resulting mixture was stirred thoroughly, then crushed, and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve; and (4) the organic fertilizer mixture obtained in step (3) was put into a granulator for granulation, and then dried to a moisture content of 19% to obtain a finished product, which was encapsulated and packaged. In step (4), after the granulation, the organic fertilizer mixture could also be sprayed with a 1.5% PVA solution for encapsulation, which allows the slow release and long-lasting efficacy of the organic fertilizer. Specific Example 2 A Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 50 kg of peat, 7 kg of the cake of camellia oleifera seed, 12 kg of peanut stem, 7 kg of potassium fulvate, and 3 kg of biological matrix composite. The biological matrix composite includes Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis. The Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis have a CFU ratio of 1:3:2. The biological matrix composite has an effective bacteria content greater than 70 million CFU/g. Further, the peat has a content of free humic acids > 4%. A method for preparing the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) the cake of camellia oleifera seed and peanut stem were crushed, and then added with the corresponding peat at an amount in the formula, and then an appropriate amount of water was added to make the mixture have a moisture content of 50%; (2) the biological matrix composite was added to the mixture obtained in step (1), aerobic fermentation was conducted for 5 days with intermittent aeration, and then stacking and aging was conducted for 7 days to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer for use; (3) the potassium fulvate was added to the organic fertilizer obtained in step (2), and the resulting mixture was stirred thoroughly, then crushed, and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve; and (4) the organic fertilizer mixture obtained in step (3) was put into a granulator for granulation, and then dried to a moisture content of 20% to obtain a finished product, which was encapsulated and packaged. In step (4), after the granulation, the organic fertilizer mixture could also be sprayed with a 1.5% PVA solution for encapsulation, which allows the slow release and long-lasting efficacy of the organic fertilizer. Specific Example 3 A Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 45 kg of peat, 6 kg of the cake of camellia oleifera seed, 13 kg of peanut stem, 8 kg of potassium fulvate, and 2 kg of biological matrix composite. The biological matrix composite includes Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis. The Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis have a CFU ratio of 3:4:2. The biological matrix composite has an effective bacteria content greater than 70 million CFU/g. Further, the peat has a content of free humic acids > 4%. A method for preparing the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) the cake of camellia oleifera seed and peanut stem were crushed, and then added with the corresponding peat at an amount in the formula, and then an appropriate amount of water was added to make the mixture have a moisture content of 50%; (2) the biological matrix composite was added to the mixture obtained in step (1), aerobic fermentation was conducted for 5 days with intermittent aeration, and then stacking and aging was conducted for 7 days to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer for use; (3) the potassium fulvate was added to the organic fertilizer obtained in step (2), and the resulting mixture was stirred thoroughly, then crushed, and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve; and (4) the organic fertilizer mixture obtained in step (3) was put into a granulator for granulation, and then dried to a moisture content of 20% to obtain a finished product, which was encapsulated and packaged. In step (4), after the granulation, the organic fertilizer mixture could also be sprayed with a 1.5% PVA solution for encapsulation, which allows the slow release and long-lasting efficacy of the organic fertilizer.

Field experiments 100 2-year-old seedlings of Torreya grandis with the similar growth trend were selected and divided into four equal parts. Three were applied with the three Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizers prepared in Specific Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention, respectively, and the remaining one was applied with an ordinary NPK fertilizer. After the plants grew for 1 year, the plants in the four groups were compared, and it was found that: The plants, applied with the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer in Specific Example 1 of the present invention, were healthy and grew rapidly, with a survival rate of 98% and an average height increased by 19% compared with the seedlings of Torreya grandis not applied with the product of the present invention; the plants, applied with the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer in Specific Example 2 of the present invention, were healthy and grew rapidly, with a survival rate of 93% and an average height increased by 16% compared with the seedlings of Torreya grandis not applied with the product of the present invention; the plants, applied with the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer in Specific Example 3 of the present invention, were healthy and grew rapidly, with a survival rate of 92% and an average height increased by 14% compared with the seedlings of Torreya grandis not applied with the product of the present invention; and the application of all the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizers prepared in the three examples could greatly reduce the pests and diseases for the plants. It can be seen that the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizers of the present invention exhibit excellent effects. It can be seen from the comparison of the three examples that Example 1 exhibits efficacy superior to that of the other two examples. With the product of Specific Example 1 as an example, the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer was used across the year as follows. 1. Application of compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in March: Seedlings: mainly high-nitrogen fertilizer; saplings (unfruited trees): balanced fertilizer; fruited trees: trees with a height of 5 cm to 10 cm: balanced fertilizer; and trees with a height more than 10 cm: mainly high-potassium fertilizer. 2. In the second half of the year (after fruits were harvested): Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer + compound fertilizer: Seedlings and Saplings: the fertilizer was applied 4 times a year (March, May, July and November). Fruited trees: the fertilizer was applied twice a year. 3. Dosage:

Special compound fertilizer: a fruited tree (with a height of 10 cm to 20 cm) was applied with 1 kg each time, and the same dosage was adopted in the second half of the year; a fruited tree (with height 20 cm to 30 cm) was applied with 2 kg each time, and the same dosage was adopted in the second half of the year; and a fruited tree (with height more than 30 cm) was applied with the fertilizer at an amount that was increased by 1 kg with 10 cm increase in the height of the tree, based on the above dosage. Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer: seedlings: 1 kg to 2 kg/plant; saplings: 0.5 kg/plant; a fruited tree (with a height of 10 cm to 20 cm) was applied with 5 kg to 8 kg each time, and on that basis, the dosage was increased by 5 kg with 10 cm increase in the height of the tree. Application of organic fertilizers: depending on the related fruit yields, the dosage of the fertilizer was increased or decreased by 20% (if the fruit yield is high, it will be increased by 20%, and otherwise, it will be decreased by 20%). Apparently, the described examples are merely some rather than all of the examples of the present invention. All other examples obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the examples of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer, wherein: the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 30 to 50 parts of peat, 3 to 10 parts of the cake of camellia oleifera seed, 8 to 15 parts of peanut stem, 3 to 8 parts of potassium fulvate, and 1 to 3 parts of biological matrix composite; and the biological matrix composite comprises Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis.

2. The Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 30 parts of peat, 3 parts of the cake of camellia oleifera seed, 10 parts of peanut stem, 5 parts of potassium fulvate, and 2 parts of biological matrix composite.

3. The Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer according to either of claims 1 or 2, wherein the peat has a content of free humic acids > 4%.

4. The Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the Aspergillus niger, Candida tropicalis and thermostable Bacillus subtilis have a colony-forming unit (CFU) ratio of (1-3):(3-4):(1-2) in the biological matrix composite.

5. A method for preparing the Torreya grandis-specific organic fertilizer according to any one of the previous claims, comprising the following steps: (1) crushing the cake of camellia oleifera seed and peanut stem, then adding the corresponding peat at an amount in the formula, and then adding an appropriate amount of water to make the mixture have a moisture content of 50% to 55%; (2) adding the biological matrix composite to the mixture obtained in step (1), conducting aerobic fermentation for 3 to 5 days with intermittent aeration, and then stacking and aging for 5 to 7 days to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer for use; (3) adding the potassium fulvate to the organic fertilizer obtained in step (2), stirring the resulting mixture thoroughly, and then crushing and sieving; and (4) putting the organic fertilizer mixture obtained in step (3) into a granulator for granulation, and drying to a moisture content lower than 20% to obtain a finished product.