CN113135805A - Microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113135805A CN113135805A CN202110583807.2A CN202110583807A CN113135805A CN 113135805 A CN113135805 A CN 113135805A CN 202110583807 A CN202110583807 A CN 202110583807A CN 113135805 A CN113135805 A CN 113135805A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes and a preparation method thereof, wherein the microbial compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of cow dung, 0.005-0.01 part of cow dung leavening agent, 15-30 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-0.8 part of bacillus subtilis, 20-30 parts of alfalfa, 15-30 parts of egg shells, 2-8 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-10 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3-8 parts of calcium phosphate, 5-15 parts of dried orange peel, 3-8 parts of bletilla striata, 5-15 parts of ginkgo leaves and 3-8 parts of centella. The components in the invention are mutually cooperated, so that the components are promoted to exert the maximum effect, sufficient and comprehensive nutrition is provided for crops, and the disease resistance of the crops is improved; and phosphate and magnesium nitrate are added according to the characteristics of the phytophthora so as to inhibit the production and propagation of the phytophthora. The microbial compound fertilizer prepared from the adopted raw materials has obvious effect on preventing and treating the late blight of the tomatoes, most of the raw materials are safe and easily available, the environment pollution and the soil damage condition are prevented, and the cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microbial compound fertilizer, in particular to a microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Tomato late blight, also known as tomato blight, is a disease caused by phytophthora infestans and occurring on tomatoes. The tomato late blight can occur in the whole growth period of the tomato, and seedlings, leaves, stems and fruits can all occur.
Tomato late blight is a devastating disease that commonly occurs in tomato growing areas. Particularly, tomatoes cultivated in winter facilities are prone to attack diseases due to high humidity and low temperature. Once the disease occurs, the disease spreads rapidly, the yield is generally reduced by about 50%, and in severe cases, the disease is destroyed and harvested.
The pathogen of tomato late blight is phytophthora, which belongs to the genus flagellates and phytophthora fungi. The disease residues are mainly used as a main infection source, and spread by airflow, rainwater and irrigation water, the germs grow fastest at the temperature of 25 ℃, only 3-4 days, and the excessive temperature is not beneficial to the prevalence of diseases. The relative humidity requirement of pathogenic bacteria is strict, and more than 75 percent of pathogenic bacteria can occur. High humidity is the main causative factor. The plants are luxuriant, the terrain is low, the drainage is poor, and when the field humidity is too high, the occurrence of diseases is facilitated; the weak soil barren plants or the excessive growth of plants caused by the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and the middle and later growth period of tomatoes are beneficial to the occurrence of diseases.
In the control process of the tomato late blight, the following control methods are generally adopted: agricultural prevention and treatment, namely planting disease-resistant varieties, crop rotation and stubble changing, strengthening field management and the like. For agricultural control, the control effect is unstable, and the control period is long; chemical control: chemical medicines such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides and the like are adopted to treat roots, diameters and leaves of crops, and the prevention and treatment mode is improper, so that the environment is polluted, the soil balance is damaged, and the quality of the crops is influenced. And (3) microbial control: with the development of microorganisms, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests by using the microorganisms also become another way, and the rhizosphere ecological environment of crops can be improved by using the proliferation of the microorganisms; beneficial microorganisms and disease-resistant factors are increased, infection of soil-borne diseases can be obviously reduced, disease index of continuous cropping crops is reduced, and continuous cropping obstacles can be greatly relieved by applying the fertilizer in successive years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating tomato late blight and a preparation method thereof, which are used for preventing and treating tomato late blight.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of cow dung, 0.005-0.01 part of cow dung leavening agent, 15-30 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-0.8 part of bacillus subtilis, 20-30 parts of alfalfa, 15-30 parts of egg shells, 2-8 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-10 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3-8 parts of calcium phosphate, 5-15 parts of dried orange peel, 3-8 parts of bletilla striata, 5-15 parts of ginkgo leaves and 3-8 parts of centella.
Further preferably, the feed mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of cow dung, 0.008 part of cow dung leavening agent, 25 parts of wheat bran, 0.6 part of bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of alfalfa, 25 parts of egg shell, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 8 parts of magnesium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium phosphate, 10 parts of dried orange peel, 5 parts of bletilla striata, 10 parts of ginkgo leaf and 5 parts of centella.
A preparation method of a microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes comprises the following steps: 1) adding cow dung into a cow dung leavening agent for mixing, and then putting into a fermentation tank for sealed fermentation; 2) pulverizing and mixing herba Medicaginis, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, rhizoma Bletillae, folium Ginkgo, ovum gallus Domesticus crusta, and herba Centellae, adding Bacillus subtilis, and fermenting to obtain fermented product; 3) mixing the cow dung fermentation product obtained in the step 2) with the fermentation product obtained in the step 3) to obtain the microbial compound fertilizer.
Preferably, in the fermentation process of the cow dung in the step 1), the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, the fermentation time is 5-10 days, and the humidity of the fermentation product is controlled at 45-55%.
Further preferably, the cow dung in the step 1) is fermented to have no odor and contain a wine flavor.
Further preferably, the fermentation time in the step 2) is 36-48 hours, and the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃.
Further preferably, the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) is added into the cow dung fermentation product obtained in the step 1), and sodium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and calcium phosphate are added and mixed, so that the microbial compound fertilizer can be obtained.
Has the advantages that: the components in the invention are mutually cooperated, so that the components are promoted to exert the maximum effect, sufficient and comprehensive nutrition is provided for crops, and the disease resistance of the crops is improved.
Phosphate and magnesium nitrate are added according to the characteristics of the phytophthora so as to inhibit the production and propagation of the phytophthora.
Folium Ginkgo and herba Centellae both contain substances for inhibiting phytophthora growth activity, and folium Ginkgo is added. The centella asiatica inhibits the growth of phytophthora, thereby playing a role in preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes.
The microbial compound fertilizer prepared from the raw materials has obvious effect on preventing and treating the late blight of the tomatoes, most of the raw materials are safe and easily available, the environment pollution and the soil condition damage are prevented, and the cost is saved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below.
Example 1:
a microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of cow dung, 0.005 part of cow dung leavening agent, 15 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of alfalfa, 15 parts of egg shell, 2 parts of sodium nitrate, 5 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3 parts of calcium phosphate, 5 parts of dried orange peel, 3 parts of bletilla striata, 5 parts of ginkgo leaf and 38 parts of centella.
The raw materials are processed by the following steps to prepare the microbial compound fertilizer:
1) diluting cow dung with water, mixing with wheat bran, adding cow dung leaven, mixing, adding the mixed fermented material into a cement pond, filling, compacting, exhausting air and sealing. Wherein the fermentation time is 5 days, the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, the fermentation is successful until no odor exists and the fermented cow dung has wine flavor, and at the moment, the fermented cow dung can be held by hand to form a ball, and the fingers can sew water without dropping water beads, so that the fermented cow dung can be scattered after being loosened;
2) the fermentation method comprises the following steps of respectively crushing alfalfa, dried orange peel, bletilla striata, ginkgo leaves, egg shells and centella asiatica, adding water and bacillus subtilis to ferment, and then obtaining a fermentation product. Wherein the fermentation time is 36 hours, and the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃;
3) uniformly mixing the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) with the cow dung fermentation product obtained in the step 1), so as to obtain the microbial compound fertilizer.
Example 2:
a microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of alfalfa, 20 parts of egg shells, 0.008 part of cow dung leavening agent, 0.8 part of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 7 parts of magnesium nitrate, 10 parts of dried orange peel, 5 parts of bletilla striata, 10 parts of ginkgo leaves, 5 parts of centella and 25 parts of wheat bran.
The raw materials are processed by the following steps to prepare the microbial compound fertilizer:
1) diluting cow dung with water, mixing with wheat bran, adding cow dung leaven, mixing, adding the mixed fermented material into a cement pond, filling, compacting, exhausting air and sealing. Wherein the fermentation time is 5 days, the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, the fermentation is successful until no odor exists and the fermented cow dung has wine flavor, and at the moment, the fermented cow dung can be held by hand to form a ball, and the fingers can sew water without dropping water beads, so that the fermented cow dung can be scattered after being loosened;
2) the fermentation method comprises the following steps of respectively crushing alfalfa, dried orange peel, bletilla striata, ginkgo leaves, egg shells and centella asiatica, adding water and bacillus subtilis to ferment, and then obtaining a fermentation product. Wherein the fermentation time is 36 hours, and the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃;
3)3) uniformly mixing the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) with the cow dung fermentation product obtained in the step 1), so as to obtain the microbial compound fertilizer.
Example 3:
a microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of cow dung, 0.008 part of cow dung leavening agent, 25 parts of wheat bran, 0.8 part of bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of alfalfa, 25 parts of egg shell, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 8 parts of magnesium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium phosphate, 10 parts of dried orange peel, 5 parts of bletilla striata, 10 parts of ginkgo leaf and 5 parts of centella.
The raw materials are processed by the following steps to prepare the microbial compound fertilizer:
1) diluting cow dung with water, mixing with wheat bran, adding cow dung leaven, mixing, adding the mixed fermented material into a cement pond, filling, compacting, exhausting air and sealing. Wherein the fermentation time is 10 days, the fermentation temperature is 28 ℃, the fermentation is successful until no odor exists and the fermented cow dung has wine flavor, and at the moment, the fermented cow dung can be held by hand to form a ball, and the fingers can sew water without dropping water beads, so that the fermented cow dung can be scattered after being loosened;
2) the fermentation method comprises the following steps of respectively crushing alfalfa, dried orange peel, bletilla striata, ginkgo leaves, egg shells and centella asiatica, adding water and bacillus subtilis to ferment, and then obtaining a fermentation product. Wherein the fermentation time is 48 hours, and the fermentation temperature is 38 ℃;
3) adding the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) into the cow dung fermentation product obtained in the step 1), and adding sodium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and calcium phosphate for mixing to obtain the microbial compound fertilizer.
Control experiment:
four-acre tomato planting fields are selected, each acre is 1 group, experiments are divided into A, B, C, D four groups, wherein A, B, C three groups are respectively applied with the microbial compound fertilizer in the examples 1-3, and D groups are applied with common farmyard manure, wherein the fertilizing amount and other management conditions are the same. The fertilizing amount per mu of land is 40kg, microbial compound fertilizer and certain brand compound fertilizer are respectively sprayed on the soil surface of the corresponding experimental field, when the tomatoes bear fruits, the morbidity of the late blight is counted, the statistics is carried out once every 10 days, and the statistics is carried out three times. The incidence of late blight was 100/total number of plants, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 tomato late blight incidence
Experimental results show that the microbial compound fertilizer in the embodiments 1-3 has an obvious effect on preventing and treating the late blight of tomatoes, and compared with common farmyard manure, the microbial compound fertilizer applied in the embodiments of the invention has the advantages that the morbidity is reduced by 72%, and the prevention and treatment effect is obvious. The microbial compound fertilizer for placing the tomato late blight in the embodiment mainly comprises cow dung, cow dung wheat bran is added for fermentation treatment, the obtained cow dung fertilizer contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements, the disease resistance of tomato plants is improved, in addition, the cow dung also contains a large amount of beneficial bacteria, and the growth of phytophthora can be continued. In addition, phosphate and magnesium nitrate are added according to the characteristics of the phytophthora so as to inhibit the production and propagation of the phytophthora, increase the content of magnesium, nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and balance soil nutrients. In addition, both ginkgo leaf and centella asiatica contain substances for inhibiting the growth activity of phytophthora. By adding the ginkgo leaves and the centella, the tomato late blight prevention and treatment effect is achieved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as those of the present application, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-0.8 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.005-0.01 part of cow dung leavening agent, 30-50 parts of cow dung, 15-30 parts of wheat bran, 20-30 parts of alfalfa, 15-30 parts of egg shells, 2-8 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-10 parts of magnesium nitrate, 3-8 parts of calcium phosphate, 5-15 parts of dried orange peel, 3-8 parts of bletilla striata, 5-15 parts of ginkgo leaves and 3-8 parts of centella.
2. The microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating tomato late blight according to claim 1, which is characterized by mainly comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of cow dung, 0.008 part of cow dung leavening agent, 25 parts of wheat bran, 0.6 part of bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of alfalfa, 25 parts of egg shell, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 8 parts of magnesium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium phosphate, 10 parts of dried orange peel, 5 parts of bletilla striata, 10 parts of ginkgo leaf and 5 parts of centella.
3. A preparation method of a microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) adding a leavening agent into the cow dung, and then putting the cow dung into a fermentation tank for sealed fermentation; 2) pulverizing and mixing herba Medicaginis, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, rhizoma Bletillae, folium Ginkgo, ovum gallus Domesticus crusta, and herba Centellae, adding Bacillus subtilis, and fermenting to obtain fermented product; 3) mixing the cow dung fermentation product obtained in the step 2) with the fermentation product obtained in the step 3) to obtain the microbial compound fertilizer.
4. The microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating tomato late blight according to claim 3, wherein in the fermentation process of the cow dung in the step 1), the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃, the fermentation time is 5-10 days, and the humidity of the fermented product is controlled to be 45-55%.
5. The microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating tomato late blight according to claim 3, wherein the cow dung in the step 1) is fermented to have no odor and has a wine flavor.
6. The microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating tomato late blight according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation time in the step 2) is 36-48 hours, and the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃.
7. The microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating tomato late blight according to claim 6, wherein the microbial compound fertilizer can be obtained by adding the fermentation product obtained in step 2) into the cow dung fermentation product obtained in step 1), and adding sodium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and calcium phosphate for mixing.
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| CN202110583807.2A CN113135805A (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2021-05-27 | Microbial compound fertilizer for preventing and treating late blight of tomatoes and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120051284A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-22 | 한국화학연구원 | Promotion of nitrogen mineralization of organic fertilizers and control of plant diseases using bacillus velezensis krict934 |
| CN102910988A (en) * | 2012-11-18 | 2013-02-06 | 蒋常德 | Compound microorganism liquid bacterial fertilizer for preventing plant diseases and insect pests and preparation method of compound microorganism liquid bacterial fertilizer |
| CN105084987A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-11-25 | 界首市振海农业开发有限公司 | Efficient bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN108314568A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-07-24 | 成都棠可凡生物科技有限公司 | A kind of slow release long-acting mixed fertilizer preventing graw mold of tomato and root rot |
| CN109053303A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-21 | 河南柏裕植物免疫科技有限公司 | A kind of micro organism composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt |
-
2021
- 2021-05-27 CN CN202110583807.2A patent/CN113135805A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120051284A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-22 | 한국화학연구원 | Promotion of nitrogen mineralization of organic fertilizers and control of plant diseases using bacillus velezensis krict934 |
| CN102910988A (en) * | 2012-11-18 | 2013-02-06 | 蒋常德 | Compound microorganism liquid bacterial fertilizer for preventing plant diseases and insect pests and preparation method of compound microorganism liquid bacterial fertilizer |
| CN105084987A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-11-25 | 界首市振海农业开发有限公司 | Efficient bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN108314568A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-07-24 | 成都棠可凡生物科技有限公司 | A kind of slow release long-acting mixed fertilizer preventing graw mold of tomato and root rot |
| CN109053303A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-21 | 河南柏裕植物免疫科技有限公司 | A kind of micro organism composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating tomato bacterial wilt |
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Application publication date: 20210720 |