CN113115677A - Method for cultivating fruits and vegetables through water and fertilizer integration by utilizing biogas slurry of pig farm - Google Patents
Method for cultivating fruits and vegetables through water and fertilizer integration by utilizing biogas slurry of pig farm Download PDFInfo
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- CN113115677A CN113115677A CN202110350087.5A CN202110350087A CN113115677A CN 113115677 A CN113115677 A CN 113115677A CN 202110350087 A CN202110350087 A CN 202110350087A CN 113115677 A CN113115677 A CN 113115677A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of circulating agriculture, and particularly discloses a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables through water and fertilizer integration by utilizing biogas slurry in a pig farm, which comprises the following steps: fermenting the manure of a pig farm to obtain a fermentation product, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry; trimming a planting land, applying a mixed base fertilizer of biogas residues and a compound fertilizer, and then planting fruit tree seedlings; mixing the biogas slurry and a microbial agent to obtain a biogas slurry fertilizer, diluting the biogas slurry fertilizer with water, and carrying out periodical drip irrigation on the planted fruit trees to obtain the diluted biogas slurry fertilizer; vegetables are interplanted among the rows of the fruit trees, and the biogas slurry with different concentrations is subjected to periodical drip irrigation on the vegetables according to the nutrient requirements of the vegetables in different growth periods. According to the method for cultivating the fruits and vegetables by utilizing the biogas slurry in the pig farm in a water-fertilizer integrated manner, the biogas residues and the biogas slurry are obtained by fermenting the pig raising manure and are used for cultivating the fruits and vegetables, the water-fertilizer integrated planting of the fruits and vegetables is realized, the biogas slurry is utilized in a fertilizing manner, the utilization rate of the biogas slurry is improved, the use amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced, and the quality and the yield of the fruits and vegetables are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of circulating agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables through water and fertilizer integration by utilizing biogas slurry in a pig farm.
Background
With the rapid development of the pig raising industry in China and the continuous enlargement of the scale of a swinery, the discharge amount of pig manure and urine is also increased rapidly, the pig manure as excrement of pigs has a plurality of germs, and if the pig manure is not cleaned in time, the germs are easy to spread greatly, so that the diseases of the pigs are easy to cause, and the health of the pigs is influenced. The biogas fermentation technology is a main technical approach for harmless treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure raised in large scale in China, but the problem of consumption of a large amount of biogas slurry generated after fermentation limits the popularization and development of the biogas fermentation technology. The biogas liquid and the biogas residues are not reasonably utilized and randomly discharged, so that secondary pollution is easily caused to the environment. The biogas slurry contains macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and also contains various microelements, hydrolytic enzyme, amino acid, organic acid, humic acid, auxin, cytokinin, certain antibiotics and other bioactive substances, and is a potential organic fertilizer with comprehensive nutrient content, abundant quick-acting nutrients and stable and long fertilizer efficiency. The prior biogas slurry utilization has the following problems: in the prior art, biogas slurry is prepared by natural fermentation of a biogas digester and then directly used, although the biogas slurry also has certain nutrient substances, the pertinence is poor, the use amount is not fixed, and a scientific method suitable for large-scale biogas slurry use is lacked, so that the large-scale use of the biogas slurry in the crop planting process is not facilitated.
After the fruits and vegetables are sowed or planted, in order to meet the growth and development requirements of the fruits and vegetables, more top dressing is generally needed, the top dressing amount generally accounts for about one third or even more of the total fertilizing amount of the crops in the whole growth period, a large amount of powdery compound fertilizers are mainly used for top dressing at present, the high yield of the fruits and vegetables can be maintained in a short period, but the cost of the compound fertilizers is high, and soil hardening, soil deterioration, environmental pollution and the like are easily caused by long-term large-amount application of the compound fertilizers. The organic fertilizer is rich in organic substances and nutrient substances required by crop growth, can provide nutrients required by crop growth, improve soil, improve crop quality, increase crop yield, promote high and stable crop yield, maintain soil fertility, improve fertilizer utilization rate and reduce production cost. The organic fertilizer is fully and reasonably utilized, so that the crop yield can be increased, the soil fertility can be improved, the quality of agricultural products can be improved, and the effectiveness of soil nutrients can be improved. Therefore, the research on a feasible method for effectively fermenting pig raising excrement and reasonably applying the fermented biogas residues and biogas slurry to fruit and vegetable cultivation has important significance for realizing green virtuous circle of agriculture and sustainable development of agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables by utilizing liquid manure in a pig farm, which utilizes pig raising manure for effective fermentation, utilizes biogas residues and biogas liquid obtained by fermentation for fruit and vegetable cultivation, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, improves the utilization rate of the biogas liquid and improves the quality of crops.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a method for cultivating fruits and vegetables by utilizing biogas slurry in a pig farm to realize water and fertilizer integration, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fermenting the manure of a pig farm to obtain a fermentation product, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
(2) trimming a planting land, applying a base fertilizer, and then planting fruit tree seedlings; the base fertilizer is the biogas residue and the compound fertilizer obtained in the step (1);
(3) mixing the biogas slurry obtained in the step (1) with a microbial agent to obtain a biogas slurry fertilizer, diluting the biogas slurry fertilizer with water, and carrying out periodical drip irrigation on the planted fruit trees to obtain the diluted biogas slurry fertilizer;
(4) vegetables are planted in the fruit tree row room in a sleeving manner, and biogas slurry with different concentrations is subjected to periodical drip irrigation on the vegetables according to nutrient requirements of the vegetables in different growth periods.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating fruits and vegetables by using the biogas slurry in the pig farm for water and fertilizer integration, the fermentation in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting crop wastes, mixing the crop wastes with pig manure according to the weight ratio of 3-4: 1 to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding a mixed microbial inoculum accounting for 0.01-0.03% of the weight of the fermentation raw material, and fermenting in the air for 1-2 days to obtain a pretreatment fermentation mixture; the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3-5 parts of brevibacillus laterosporus and 3-5 parts of aspergillus oryzae; the mixed microbial inoculum has the effects of killing pathogenic bacteria, promoting organic substances to be hydrolyzed into soluble substances with small relative molecular mass, such as monosaccharide, amino acid and the like, and accelerating subsequent fermentation; the crop waste is one or more of bagasse, straw and corncob, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the crop waste is high;
secondly, placing the pretreated fermentation mixture into a methane tank for anaerobic fermentation for 7-10 days to obtain a fermentation product, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain methane slag and methane liquid.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating the fruits and vegetables by using the biogas slurry in the pig farm for water and fertilizer integration, the fruit trees are mango trees or woolly orange trees, and the vegetables are pumpkins. The pumpkin grows on the ground, the fruit tree grows upwards, and the pumpkin and the fruit tree do not influence the growth of each other; the pumpkin tendrils crawl on the whole ground surface to cover soil, so that the water and soil can be maintained, the soil can be improved, the growth of weeds in the orchard can be inhibited, and the economic benefit of the orchard can be improved.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating fruits and vegetables by utilizing the water and fertilizer integration of the biogas slurry in the pig farm, in the step (2), the holes are dug to apply the base fertilizer, and the holes are dug to apply the base fertilizer, wherein when the citrus reticulata is planted, the application amount of biogas residues in each hole is 2-5 kg, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 100-250 g; when the mango trees are planted, the application amount of the biogas residues in each hole is 2-5 kg, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.5-1.5 kg per plant; the planting distance of the fruit tree seedlings is 2-3 m, and the row spacing is 3-4.5 m.
Preferably, in the step (3), the pH value of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 5.5-7, the addition amount of the microbial agent in the biogas slurry fertilizer is 0.005-0.02% of the weight of the biogas slurry, and the microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of paecilomyces lilacinus, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus in a weight ratio of 0.5: 1-2. The biogas slurry and the microbial inoculum are combined to inhibit plant pathogenic bacteria, enhance the disease resistance of plants and improve the absorption rate of crops to nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and a large amount of organic matters can continuously release the nutrient elements required by the growth of the plants after the beneficial microorganisms move, so that the fertility is improved, the fertilizer efficiency is lasting, and the growth of the plants is promoted.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating fruits and vegetables by utilizing the biogas slurry in the pig farm to integrate water and fertilizer, in the step (3), after the mango trees are planted, drip irrigation or micro-spray irrigation is carried out according to weather conditions and the requirements of the mango trees on water and nutrients, the biogas slurry fertilizer and water are diluted according to the ratio of 1: 3-4, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 7-10 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 2-3.5 m each time3Strain/strain.
Preferably, in the step (3), after the citrus reiliana is planted, growing period of the citrus reiliana is increased, the diluted biogas slurry fertilizer is drip-irrigated 5-11 months per year, the ratio of the drip-irrigated biogas slurry fertilizer to water is 1: 3-4, the drip-irrigation is performed once every 7-10 days, and the drip-irrigation amount is 1-2 m each time3Strain/strain; and 4 months in 12-4 years, the ratio of the drip irrigation biogas liquid fertilizer to water is 1: 2-3, the drip irrigation is carried out every 15-20 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 2-4 m each time3Strain/strain; supplementing medium trace elements of boron and calcium in the flower and fruit retention period of 3-4 months, supplementing calcium after flower withering, and spraying on leaf surfaces or applying roots.
Preferably, in the method for cultivating fruits and vegetables by utilizing the biogas slurry in the pig farm for water and fertilizer integration, in the step (4), the pumpkin is turned over between rows of the fruit trees 2-5 days before being planted, the diluted biogas slurry is sprayed, the covering soil is leveled, the ratio of the biogas slurry to the water is 1: 3-1: 4, and the spraying amount is 3.5-4.0 m3Planting pumpkins in the middle of two rows of fruit trees for one mu, wherein the row spacing of the pumpkins is 1-1.5 m; drip irrigation and dilution are respectively carried out on the biogas slurry in the stretching period, the fruit setting period and the fruit swelling period of the pumpkins, the ratio of the biogas slurry to water is 1: 4-1: 6 in the stretching period, and the drip irrigation is carried out once every 4-6 daysThe drip irrigation amount is 1-2 m each time3Per mu; in the fruit setting period, the ratio of biogas slurry to water is 1: 3-1: 4, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 3-5 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 3-4 m each time3Per mu; in the fruit swelling period, the ratio of biogas slurry to water is 1: 1-2, the drip irrigation is carried out every 3-4 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 3-5 m each time3Per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for cultivating the fruits and vegetables by utilizing the biogas slurry in the pig farm for water and fertilizer integration, the biogas residues and the biogas slurry are obtained by fermenting pig raising manure and are used for cultivating the fruits and vegetables, the biogas residues are used as base fertilizers, the biogas slurry and water are mixed to be used as water fertilizers for carrying out drip irrigation on the fruit trees, the water and fertilizer integration planting of the fruits and vegetables is realized, the utilization rate of the biogas slurry is improved, and the using amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced; can effectively improve the soil quality of the orchard garden, promote the digestion of biogas slurry and realize the cyclic utilization of agricultural resources. The water and fertilizer with different concentrations are applied according to different growth and development stages of the fruits and vegetables, so that the nutrient requirements of the fruits and vegetables are met, the growth of the fruits and vegetables is promoted, and the quality and the yield of the fruits and vegetables are improved. The fruit trees are planted with vegetables in a sleeving manner, so that the land utilization rate can be improved, and the economic benefit is increased. The microbial agent is added into the biogas slurry, so that the absorption and utilization of the biogas slurry by fruits and vegetables can be promoted, and the fertility and the fertilizer efficiency can be improved.
2. In the method for cultivating the fruits and vegetables by utilizing the biogas slurry in the pig farm for water and fertilizer integration, the crop wastes and the pig manure are mixed, and the fermentation microbial inoculum is added for pretreatment, so that the fermentation time is shortened, the fermentation effect is improved, the harmless and effective utilization of the pig manure is realized, the wastes such as straws, bagasse and the like in agricultural production can be treated, and the cyclic utilization of resources is realized.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for cultivating fruits and vegetables by utilizing biogas slurry in a pig farm in a water and fertilizer integrated manner comprises the following steps:
(1) fermenting the manure of a pig farm to obtain a fermentation product, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
(2) selecting a sloping field as a planting field, trimming the land, digging holes and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas residues and compound fertilizers, the application amount of the biogas residues in each hole is 4kg, and the application amount of the compound fertilizers is 180 g; transplanting 1-year-old robust Wo citrus seedlings in 3-5 months, wherein the planting distance is 2m, and the row spacing is 4 m;
(3) mixing the biogas slurry and a microbial agent to obtain a biogas slurry fertilizer, wherein the microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of paecilomyces lilacinus, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus in a weight ratio of 0.5:1:1, and the activity of the bacillus megaterium is more than 8 x 10 in the mixed microbial agent9CFU/g, the vitality of Bacillus mucilaginosus is more than 2 x 109CFU/g, Paecilomyces lilacinus vitality greater than 2 x 109CFU/g. Adjusting the pH value of the biogas liquid fertilizer to 6.0, diluting the biogas liquid fertilizer with water, and carrying out drip irrigation on the planted fruit trees; the specific drip irrigation measures are as follows: in the growth period of the Or trees, 5-11 months are spent each year, the biogas liquid fertilizer and water are diluted by 1:4, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 10 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 2m each time3Strain/strain; the ratio of the biogas liquid fertilizer to water in the drip irrigation is 1:2 within 12 months to 4 months in the next year, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 15 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 3m each time3Strain/strain; fertilizing organic acid boron calcium on leaf surfaces in a flowering and fruit retention period of the citrus reticulata within 3-4 months, supplementing medium and trace elements boron and calcium, and supplementing calcium after flower withering;
(4) after planting the Wo citrus trees, interplanting pumpkins among rows of the Wo citrus trees, turning the soil among rows of the fruit trees 5 days before planting the pumpkins, spraying diluted biogas slurry, and leveling covering soil, wherein the ratio of the biogas slurry to water is 1:4, and the spraying amount of the biogas slurry is 3.5m3The planting distance of the pumpkin is 1m per mu; drip irrigation and dilution are respectively carried out on the biogas slurry in the stretching period, the fruit setting period and the fruit swelling period of the pumpkins, the ratio of the biogas slurry to water is 1:4 in the stretching period, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 4 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 2m each time3Per mu; in the fruit setting period, the ratio of biogas slurry to water is 1:3, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 3 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 3m each time3Per mu; in the fruit swelling period, the ratio of biogas slurry to water is 1:1, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 3 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 3m each time3Per mu.
The specific process of fermentation in the step (1) is as follows:
firstly, cutting crop wastes, mixing the crop wastes with pig manure according to the weight ratio of 3:1 to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding a mixed microbial inoculum accounting for 0.02 percent of the weight of the fermentation raw material, and fermenting for 1 day at normal temperature in the air to obtain a pretreatment fermentation mixture; the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of brevibacillus laterosporus and 5 parts of aspergillus oryzae; the crop wastes are bagasse and corn straws in a weight ratio of 1: 1;
secondly, placing the pretreated fermentation mixture into a methane tank for anaerobic fermentation for 10 days to obtain a fermentation product, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain methane slag and methane liquid. At present, the conventional fermentation method needs more than one month for fermenting the pig manure into the biogas and the biogas slurry, and has the problem of insufficient fermentation, so that the fermentation time is shortened and the fermentation effect is improved.
Example 2
A method for cultivating fruits and vegetables by utilizing biogas slurry in a pig farm in a water and fertilizer integrated manner comprises the following steps:
(1) fermenting the manure of a pig farm to obtain a fermentation product, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
(2) selecting a sloping field as a planting field, trimming the field, digging holes and applying a base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas residues and compound fertilizers, the application amount of the biogas residues in each hole is 5kg, the application amount of the compound fertilizers (15-15-15) is 0.8kg, and then planting mango tree seedlings in a fixed manner within 4 months, wherein the planting distance is 2.5m, and the row spacing is 4 m;
(3) mixing the biogas slurry and a microbial agent to obtain a biogas slurry fertilizer, wherein the microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent with the weight ratio of paecilomyces lilacinus, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus of 0.5:1.5:1, and the activity of the bacillus megaterium is more than 8 x 109CFU/g, the vitality of Bacillus mucilaginosus is more than 2 x 109CFU/g, Paecilomyces lilacinus vitality greater than 2 x 109CFU/g. Adjusting the pH value of the biogas liquid fertilizer to 6.5, and carrying out drip irrigation on the planted fruit trees by using the biogas liquid fertilizer diluted by water; the specific drip irrigation measures are as follows: in the growth period of mango trees, carrying out drip irrigation in 7-8 months every year, diluting the biogas liquid fertilizer and water according to a ratio of 1:3, carrying out drip irrigation once every 7 days, wherein the drip irrigation amount is 3.5m each time3Liter per plant;
(4) after the mango trees are planted, the rows of the mango trees are internally sleeved with sleevesThe pumpkin is planted, the soil is turned over between rows of fruit trees 5 days before the pumpkin is planted, diluted biogas slurry is sprayed, the covering soil is leveled, the ratio of the biogas slurry to the water is 1:4, and the spraying amount is 3.5m3The planting distance of the pumpkin is 1m per mu; drip irrigation and dilution are respectively carried out on the biogas slurry in the stretching period, the fruit setting period and the fruit swelling period of the pumpkins, the ratio of the biogas slurry to water is 1:4 in the stretching period, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 4 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 2m each time3Per mu; in the fruit setting period, the ratio of biogas slurry to water is 1:3, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 3 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 3m each time3Per mu; in the fruit swelling period, the ratio of biogas slurry to water is 1:1, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 3 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 3m each time3Per mu.
The specific process of fermentation in the step (1) is as follows:
firstly, cutting crop wastes, mixing the crop wastes with pig manure according to the weight ratio of 3:1 to obtain a fermentation raw material, then adding a mixed microbial inoculum accounting for 0.03 percent of the weight of the fermentation raw material, and fermenting for 1 day at normal temperature in the air to obtain a pretreatment fermentation mixture; the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of brevibacillus laterosporus and 4 parts of aspergillus oryzae; the crop wastes are bagasse and corn straws in a weight ratio of 1: 1;
secondly, placing the pretreated fermentation mixture into a methane tank for anaerobic fermentation for 7-10 days to obtain a fermentation product, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain methane slag and methane liquid.
The cultivation method of the Or and the conventional planting method of the Or are adopted as a control to carry out field test comparison. The fertilizer application rate was reduced by 25% in example 1 group compared to the control group, the yield and quality of voricones at year 4 are listed in table 1, and the fruit appearance was evaluated by randomly picking 3 groups of 50 fruits each and counting the appearance. Sweetness is tested by adopting a saccharimeter, and the average value of three groups is tested. As can be seen from the table 1, the mu yield and the quality of the Wo oranges can be improved by planting the Wo oranges by adopting the method for cultivating the Wo oranges by integrating the water and fertilizer by the biogas slurry in the pig farm.
The honey pumpkins are interplanted in the 1 st year after the citrus reticulata is planted, the pumpkin planting method provided in the embodiment 1 is used as a comparison with the existing conventional pumpkin planting method, the yield of each pumpkin in the embodiment 1 group is 2310 jin, the yield is improved by 15.8% compared with the comparison group, and the application amount of a chemical fertilizer is reduced by 50%. The total sugar content and carotene content of pumpkin are detected, and the detection results are shown in table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the pumpkin of the example 1 group has higher total sugar and carotene than those of the control group, and the quality of the pumpkin is improved.
TABLE 1 WORGAN Tree 4 th year WORGAN yield and quality
TABLE 2 pumpkin Total sugar and Carotene content
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating fruits and vegetables by utilizing biogas slurry in a pig farm in a water and fertilizer integrated manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fermenting the manure of a pig farm to obtain a fermentation product, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation product to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
(2) trimming a planting land, applying a base fertilizer, and then planting fruit tree seedlings; the base fertilizer is obtained by mixing the biogas residue obtained in the step (1) and the compound fertilizer;
(3) mixing the biogas slurry obtained in the step (1) with a microbial agent to obtain a biogas slurry fertilizer, diluting the biogas slurry fertilizer with water, and carrying out periodical drip irrigation on the planted fruit trees to obtain the diluted biogas slurry fertilizer;
(4) vegetables are interplanted among the rows of the fruit trees, and the biogas slurry with different concentrations is subjected to periodical drip irrigation on the vegetables according to the nutrient requirements of the vegetables in different growth periods.
2. The method for cultivating fruits and vegetables through integration of water and fertilizer by utilizing biogas slurry in pig farms according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the fermentation comprises the following steps:
3. The method for cultivating the fruits and vegetables through integration of water and fertilizer by using the biogas slurry of the pig farm according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fruit trees are mango trees or citrus reticulata blanco trees, and the vegetables are pumpkins.
4. The method for cultivating fruits and vegetables through integration of water and fertilizer by utilizing biogas slurry in a pig farm according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), holes are dug, and a base fertilizer is applied, wherein when citrus reiliana is planted, the application amount of biogas residues in each hole is 2-5 kg, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 100-250 g; when the mango trees are planted, the application amount of the biogas residues in each hole is 2-5 kg, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 0.5-1.5 kg per plant; the planting distance of the fruit tree seedlings is 2-3 m, and the row spacing is 3-4.5 m.
5. The method for water and fertilizer integrated cultivation of fruits and vegetables by utilizing the biogas slurry in the pig farm according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the pH of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 5.5-7, the addition amount of the microbial agent in the biogas slurry fertilizer is 0.005-0.02% of the weight of the biogas slurry, and the microbial agent is a mixed microbial agent of paecilomyces lilacinus, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus in a weight ratio of 0.5: 1-2.
6. The method for cultivating fruits and vegetables through integration of water and fertilizer by using biogas slurry in pig farm according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), after the mango tree is planted, drip irrigation or micro-spray irrigation is carried out according to weather conditions and water and nutrient requirements of the mango tree, the biogas slurry fertilizer and water are diluted according to a ratio of 1: 3-4, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 7-10 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 2-3.5 m each time3Strain/strain.
7. The method for cultivating fruits and vegetables through integration of water and fertilizer by utilizing biogas slurry in pig farm according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), after the citrus reiculata is planted, the growth period of the citrus reiculata is prolonged, the diluted biogas slurry fertilizer is drip-irrigated 5-11 months per year, the ratio of the drip-irrigated biogas slurry fertilizer to water is 1: 3-4, the drip-irrigated biogas slurry fertilizer is drip-irrigated once every 7-10 days, and the drip-irrigated amount is 1-2 m3Strain/strain; and 4 months in 12-4 years, the ratio of the drip irrigation biogas liquid fertilizer to water is 1: 2-3, the drip irrigation is carried out every 15-20 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 2-4 m each time3Strain/strain; supplementing medium trace elements of boron and calcium in the flower and fruit retention period of 3-4 months, supplementing calcium after flower withering, and spraying on leaf surfaces or applying roots.
8. The method for cultivating fruits and vegetables through integration of water and fertilizer by using biogas slurry in pig farm according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), 2-5% of pumpkins are planted before the pumpkins are plantedTurning the soil between rows of fruit trees, spraying diluted biogas slurry, and covering soil to level, wherein the ratio of the biogas slurry to water is 1: 3-1: 4, and the spraying amount is 3.5-4.0 m3Planting pumpkins in the middle of two rows of fruit trees for one mu, wherein the row spacing of the pumpkins is 1-1.5 m; drip irrigation is carried out on diluted biogas slurry in the stretching period, the fruit setting period and the fruit swelling period of the pumpkins respectively, the ratio of the biogas slurry to water is 1: 4-1: 6 in the stretching period, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 4-6 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 1-2 m each time3Per mu; in the fruit setting period, the ratio of biogas slurry to water is 1: 3-1: 4, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 3-5 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 3-4 m each time3Per mu; in the fruit swelling period, the ratio of biogas slurry to water is 1: 1-2, the drip irrigation is carried out every 3-4 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 3-5 m each time3Per mu.
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| CN114766274A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for planting Or citrus by partially replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry |
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