CN110999743A - Planting method for micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts - Google Patents
Planting method for micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts Download PDFInfo
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- CN110999743A CN110999743A CN201911196404.1A CN201911196404A CN110999743A CN 110999743 A CN110999743 A CN 110999743A CN 201911196404 A CN201911196404 A CN 201911196404A CN 110999743 A CN110999743 A CN 110999743A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts, which comprises the following steps: s1. treating the soil of the planting field before sowing with soil conditioner; s2, applying organic fertilizer prepared from chicken manure into soil to enable the organic fertilizer to be decomposed biologically to form humus; s3., the compound seed dressing agent for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is used for treating and sowing peanut seeds before sowing; the seed dressing agent comprises a biological seed dressing agent component, a medicament seed dressing agent component, a water-retaining agent and trace element liquid; s4. sowing seeds, and performing field management; s5. harvesting is completed at the right time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of peanut cultivation, in particular to a planting method of micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts.
Background
Besides oil extraction, peanuts can be processed into various delicious foods, and have high economic value. The planting area tends to expand year by year along with the adjustment of the structure of the planting industry.
In recent years, the peanut shell rate is high, the yield is low and the economic benefit is low due to the phenomena of unscientific and irregular peanut cultivation and the like. In order to make good peanut production, accelerate the popularization and application of new species and new technology and improve the scientific planting level of farmers, only if the high-yield peanut cultivation technology is popularized vigorously, the reasonable adjustment of agricultural structure can be realized as soon as possible, the stable development of rural economy is promoted and the income of farmers is increased stably.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method of micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts, which comprises the following steps:
s1. treating the soil of the planting field before sowing with soil conditioner;
s2, applying organic fertilizer prepared from chicken manure into soil to enable the organic fertilizer to be decomposed biologically to form humus;
s3., the compound seed dressing agent for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is used for treating and sowing peanut seeds before sowing; the seed dressing agent comprises a biological seed dressing agent component, a medicament seed dressing agent component, a water-retaining agent and trace element liquid;
s4. sowing seeds, and performing field management;
s5. harvesting is completed at the right time.
Further, in step s1, the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of plant ash, 13 parts of urea, 7 parts of straw powder, 9 parts of alfalfa, 1 part of fermented pig manure, 2 parts of rice hull, 1 part of sodium phosphate, 0.8 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.4 part of amino acid, 1.6 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.7 part of starch ether, 5 parts of edible fungus residue, 0.4 part of plant extract and a plurality of parts of soil improvement bacteria.
Further, the soil improvement bacterium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of actinomycete group, 40-50 parts of photosynthetic bacteria group, 40-45 parts of yeast group, 35-40 parts of lactic acid bacteria group and 20-30 parts of bacillus subtilis group.
Further, in step s2, the manufacturing process of the organic fertilizer is as follows:
s21, purchasing a strain for later use;
s22, pretreatment before aerobic fermentation of chicken manure: taking fresh chicken manure, a powdery straw mixture, a phosphate fertilizer and efficient decomposing bacteria according to the weight ratio of 75: 18: 6: 1, uniformly mixing, filling the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, turning over the mixture by using a turnover machine, filling oxygen into a ventilation pipe by using an air blower, discharging the mixture out of the tank after 7 days, and storing the mixture in a pile for 30 days.
And S23, screening, namely air-drying after stacking, screening when the moisture content is within 25%, and picking out non-organic fertilizer components such as stones, ironware and the like.
And S24, crushing the screened qualified organic fertilizer, and then granulating to obtain the granular organic fertilizer.
And S25, adding inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like into the organic fertilizer to prepare the compound fertilizer.
Further, the field management comprises:
s41, managing from the seedling stage to the flowering stage, namely reseeding test seedlings, cleaning squat seedlings in time, and digging out side branches under a film in time for the peanuts cultivated in a film covering manner;
s42, podding period management: and ridging is carried out in time to enable the peanut plants to form ridges.
S43, managing the fruit holding period: and (3) preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
A planting method of micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts comprises the following steps:
s1. the soil conditioner is adopted to treat the soil of the planting land before sowing: the soil conditioner comprises: 20 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of plant ash, 13 parts of urea, 7 parts of straw powder, 9 parts of alfalfa, 1 part of fermented pig manure, 2 parts of rice hull, 1 part of sodium phosphate, 0.8 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.4 part of amino acid, 1.6 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.7 part of starch ether, 5 parts of edible fungus residue, 0.4 part of plant extract and a plurality of parts of soil improvement bacteria; the soil improvement agent can recover and improve the fertility level of the soil in a short time, improve the soil structure and facilitate the planting; the number of effective microorganisms in soil is increased, the activity is increased, the nutrient conversion and absorption are fast, and the peanut growth is facilitated.
The soil improvement bacteria comprise, by weight, 50-60 parts of actinomycete group, 40-50 parts of photosynthetic bacteria group, 40-45 parts of yeast group, 35-40 parts of lactic acid bacteria group and 20-30 parts of bacillus subtilis embracing rod bacteria group.
The actinomycete group makes soil bad modifying bacteria capable of degrading various insoluble organic matters in soil to provide various inorganic nutrients for crop cell metabolism. The addition of the actinomycete colony can lead the soil improvement microbial inoculum to have mineralization effect on organic matters and further participate in the substance circulation in the nature, thereby finally achieving the purposes of soil improvement and environment purification. The photosynthetic flora can enable the soil improvement microbial inoculum to further promote the transformation and circulation of soil bad substances by adjusting the micro-ecological structure of the soil bad, improve the soil fertility and provide more available substances for plants. The addition of the photosynthetic flora also enables the soil bad improving microbial inoculum to have the effects of inhibiting diseases and improving the disease resistance of plants, and the increase of the total amount of microorganisms in the soil accelerates the formation of a soil granular structure and the regeneration and the validation of soil nutrients, thereby creating a good environment for the growth of the plants. The soil improvement microbial inoculum of the yeast flora not only can decompose and remove various pesticides, but also can degrade heavy metals in soil through biotransformation. The addition of the lactic acid bacteria enables the soil improvement microbial inoculum to effectively increase the number of soil microorganisms, promotes the number of soil micro-animals such as earthworms and beetles which eat the microorganisms and decomposition products thereof to increase, radically changes the composition of the entire plough thorough ecological system, and improves the biological activity and the buffer capacity of the soil; the bacillus subtilis is added into the soil improvement microbial inoculum, so that the soil bad improvement microbial inoculum has two performances, namely, firstly, the harmful microorganisms in the soil bad can be greatly killed, and the disease resistance mechanism of plants can be induced, so that the disease resistance of the plants can be enhanced, and secondly, the soil improvement microbial inoculum can be combined with the soil to form an isolation layer, so that heavy metals can be effectively degraded, and pollutants can be prevented from being immersed.
S2, applying organic fertilizer prepared from chicken manure into soil, forming humus after biological decomposition of the organic fertilizer, and condensing the humus and soil particles to generate soil with a granular structure, so that cohesive soil becomes loose, the water permeability and the air permeability of the soil are enhanced, and the water and fertilizer retention and heat preservation performance is improved; the manufacturing process of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s21, purchasing commercial strains for later use;
s22, pretreatment before aerobic fermentation of chicken manure: taking fresh chicken manure (with the water content of 75-80%), powdery straw mixture (with the water content of 2% > 5%), phosphate fertilizer and efficient decomposing bacteria according to the weight ratio of 75: 18: 6: 1, uniformly mixing, filling the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, turning over for 1 time by using a turnover machine every day, filling oxygen into a ventilation pipe by using an air blower, discharging the mixture out of the tank after 7 days, and storing the mixture for 30 days.
And S23, screening, namely air-drying after stacking, screening when the moisture content is within 25%, and picking out non-organic fertilizer components such as stones, ironware and the like.
And S24, crushing the screened qualified organic fertilizer, and then granulating to obtain the granular organic fertilizer.
And S25, adding inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like into the organic fertilizer to prepare the compound fertilizer.
S3, treating and sowing the peanut seeds before sowing by using the compound seed dressing agent for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests; the seed dressing agent comprises a biological seed dressing agent component, a medicament seed dressing agent component, a water-retaining agent and trace element liquid;
the seed dressing agent comprises at least 200-300 parts of chlorantraniliprole and 200-300 parts of imidacloprid;
the biological seed dressing agent at least comprises 3-5 parts of beauveria bassiana spore powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 1 part of ferment bacteria, 1-2 parts of Chinese rhizobium fischer, 1-2 parts of bacillus coagulans, 1-2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 1-2 parts of bacillus pumilus and 1-2 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens; photosynthetic bacteria, ferment bacteria and beauveria bassiana spore powder are all derived from organisms, the environmental compatibility is good, the safety is high, the efficiency is high, no residue is left, the metabolic substances of the photosynthetic bacteria can be directly absorbed by plants by using the composite bacterial liquid compounded by the photosynthetic bacteria and the ferment bacteria, and the nutrient can also be provided for the propagation of other beneficial bacteria. The imidacloprid and the beauveria bassiana are used in a compound way, so that the imidacloprid has obvious synergistic effect, has good effects of preventing and treating diseases, inhibiting the occurrence of insect pests and improving the resistance of crops, prevents soil-borne diseases, ensures the germination rate of seeds, ensures the uniformity of seedlings, and has the effects of promoting the roots and strengthening the seedlings and improving the cold resistance of the crops. The sinorhizobium freundii can invade into plant roots and colonize cortical cells, intercellular spaces and vascular bundles of the roots in the form of endophytes, and has the effects of promoting plant growth and improving yield. The mechanism is that rhizobia secretes auxin to stimulate the change of roots, the change of the root structure increases the uptake of nitrogen and other nutrients in soil for crops, or extracellular acidic phosphatase (phytase) is generated to dissolve insoluble phosphate compound, so that the effective utilization of phosphorus by plants is improved, and the resistance of the plants or the photosynthesis of leaves is enhanced.
The water-retaining agent is macromolecular water-absorbing resin, and comprises starch hydrolysis type resin, polyacrylic acid type water-absorbing resin or polystyrene resin. The high-molecular water-absorbent resin can absorb water in soil to reach the periphery of seeds, a constant-humidity environment is formed around the seeds for the rooting and sprouting of the seeds and the growth of crops, and the drought-resisting effect of the seed dressing agent is improved, so that the soil at the roots of the crops can still keep a humid environment under the action of the high-molecular water-absorbent resin when the rice is in dry weather after seedling emergence, and water is provided for the growth of the plants.
The trace element liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 1.5-2.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.5-3.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate or sodium polyphosphate or potassium pyrophosphate. The lack of trace elements increasingly becomes a limiting factor for further improvement of peanut yield. Besides the traditional soil application, the application mode of the trace elements can also be used for seed dressing treatment. The mobility of phosphorus in soil is very poor, and phosphorus is easily fixed by soil. And the activity of phosphorus has a close relation with temperature, if the ground temperature is low, the activity of phosphorus is influenced by applying phosphate fertilizer to soil, and peanuts show phosphorus deficiency symptoms. The corn is in the seedling stage, the demand for phosphorus is not large, the normal growth and development of the corn can be ensured by a small amount, and the problem can be solved if the microelement liquid is used as a seed dressing agent.
S4, field management after sowing;
s41, managing from a seedling stage to a flowering stage, namely performing test seedling reseeding, soaking the reseeded seeds for accelerating germination, timely cleaning squat seedlings, liberating a first pair of lateral branches to facilitate early growth and quick emergence of the seeds, and timely digging out the lateral branches under a film of the peanuts cultivated by film mulching;
s42, podding period management: in the stage, the plant is controlled to grow in vain, the number of the promoting needles is large, and most fruits are main attack targets. Firstly, due to sufficient water and fertilizer in the middle period, particularly in a land block with high water and fertilizer, the peanut is over-nourished and grows, so that the excessive growth of plants is easily caused, and the premature closure is caused; and ridging in time. The peanut plants are arranged in ridge shape.
S43, managing the fruit holding period: in the stage, the aims of protecting leaves, improving vitality, promoting fruit yield and ensuring full fruit are mainly achieved. And preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time.
And S5, harvesting is completed timely.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The planting method of the micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1. treating the soil of the planting field before sowing with soil conditioner;
s2, applying organic fertilizer prepared from chicken manure into soil to enable the organic fertilizer to be decomposed biologically to form humus;
s3., the compound seed dressing agent for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is used for treating and sowing peanut seeds before sowing; the seed dressing agent comprises a biological seed dressing agent component, a medicament seed dressing agent component, a water-retaining agent and trace element liquid;
s4. sowing seeds, and performing field management;
s5. harvesting is completed at the right time.
2. The planting method of micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step s1, the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of plant ash, 13 parts of urea, 7 parts of straw powder, 9 parts of alfalfa, 1 part of fermented pig manure, 2 parts of rice hull, 1 part of sodium phosphate, 0.8 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.4 part of amino acid, 1.6 parts of plant growth regulator, 0.7 part of starch ether, 5 parts of edible fungus residue, 0.4 part of plant extract and a plurality of parts of soil improvement bacteria.
3. The planting method of micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the soil improvement bacterium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of actinomycete group, 40-50 parts of photosynthetic bacteria group, 40-45 parts of yeast group, 35-40 parts of lactic acid bacteria group and 20-30 parts of bacillus subtilis group.
4. The planting method of micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts according to claim 3, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in step s2, the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
s21, purchasing a strain for later use;
s22, pretreatment before aerobic fermentation of chicken manure: taking fresh chicken manure, a powdery straw mixture, a phosphate fertilizer and efficient decomposing bacteria according to the weight ratio of 75: 18: 6: 1, uniformly mixing, filling the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, turning over the mixture by using a turnover machine, filling oxygen into a ventilation pipe by using an air blower, discharging the mixture out of the tank after 7 days, and storing the mixture in a pile for 30 days.
And S23, screening, namely air-drying after stacking, screening when the moisture content is within 25%, and picking out non-organic fertilizer components such as stones, ironware and the like.
And S24, crushing the screened qualified organic fertilizer, and then granulating to obtain the granular organic fertilizer.
And S25, adding inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like into the organic fertilizer to prepare the compound fertilizer.
5. The planting method of micro-fertilizer high-yield peanuts according to claim 4, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the field management comprises the following steps:
s41, managing from the seedling stage to the flowering stage, namely reseeding test seedlings, cleaning squat seedlings in time, and digging out side branches under a film in time for the peanuts cultivated in a film covering manner;
s42, podding period management: and ridging is carried out in time to enable the peanut plants to form ridges.
S43, managing the fruit holding period: and (3) preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114617040A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-14 | 开封市农林科学研究院 | Cultivation method for improving peanut plumpness |
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