CN112430163B - Biological fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon with pressed sand - Google Patents

Biological fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon with pressed sand Download PDF

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CN112430163B
CN112430163B CN202011342797.5A CN202011342797A CN112430163B CN 112430163 B CN112430163 B CN 112430163B CN 202011342797 A CN202011342797 A CN 202011342797A CN 112430163 B CN112430163 B CN 112430163B
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fermentation
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cfu
fertilizer
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CN112430163A (en
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孙权
蒋鹏
王锐
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Ningxia University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a biofertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of sand-pressed watermelons, which comprises the following raw materials: poultry and livestock manure, crop straws, a fermentation microbial agent, biological activated carbon, urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate; the preparation method comprises mixing animal and fowl feces and pulverized crop straw uniformly, spraying microbial agent, and performing aerobic composting fermentation; drying and crushing the fermentation product, uniformly mixing the fermentation product with biological activated carbon, urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and granulating to obtain the biological fertilizer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the sand-pressed watermelon. The organic nutrients prepared by fermenting the livestock manure and the crop straws are taken as main components, and a proper amount of inorganic fertilizer is reasonably matched, so that the comprehensive and reasonable nutrients can be provided for crops, the soil quality can be comprehensively improved, and the soil fertility is increased; the fertilizer efficiency is rapid and lasting, and fertilizer damage can not be caused; can provide comprehensive and balanced nutrients for crops and greatly improve the disease resistance of the crops; can also improve soil, increase granular structure and improve fertilizer utilization rate.

Description

Biological fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon with pressed sand
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a biological fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of sand-pressed watermelons.
Background
The sand-pressing watermelon is characterized in that a layer of sand stone with the thickness of about 10-15cm is paved in the ground before the sand-pressing watermelon is planted, then holes are dug in the sand stone to plant watermelon seedlings, so that after moisture in a soil profile reaches the soil surface through the capillary migration effect in the soil, the moisture cannot be transferred to the surface layer of the sand stone due to the fact that the sand stone does not have the capillary, the moisture evaporation of the soil can be greatly reduced, the moisture in the soil is completely supplied to the sand-pressing watermelon to grow, the sand-pressing watermelon serves as a special planting mode of partial areas of Ningxia Hui nationality, and huge economic benefits are brought to local farmers. However, the soil surface is covered by sand, so that the application of base fertilizer and additional fertilizer in the planting process is not utilized, the nutrient substance in the soil is seriously lost, and the problem of serious continuous cropping obstacle is caused when the pressed watermelon is continuously planted for a long time. Local watermelon growers usually abandon the cultivation, so that the planting area of Ningxia pressed watermelon is reduced year by year, which becomes a main restriction factor in the production process of pressed watermelon, and the healthy development of the local pressed watermelon industry is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a biofertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of sand-pressed watermelons, which is characterized in that an organic slow-release fertilizer rich in microorganisms is applied before planting, so that crop nutrients are provided for a long time, the fertilizer efficiency is increased, the nutrient absorption of crops is improved, and the stress resistance of crops is enhanced.
The invention provides a biofertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of sand-pressed watermelons, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of livestock manure, 30-50 parts of crop straw, 10-20 parts of fermentation microbial agent, 5-10 parts of biological activated carbon, 10-15 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 5-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate.
Further, the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, trichoderma, pseudomonas, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, the total effective viable count is 5 hundred million CFU/ml, and the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is not less than 8 multiplied by 106cfu/mL, viable count of Trichoderma not less than 3 × 106cfu/mL, viable count of Pseudomonas not less than 2 × 106cfu/mL, viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum no less than 2 × 106cfu/mL, the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus licheniformis is not less than 3 multiplied by 106cfu/mL, viable count of Bacillus coagulans not less than 5 × 106cfu/mL。
Further, the amino acid hydrolysate 20-35 parts is included, and the preparation method of the amino acid hydrolysate comprises the following steps: hydrolyzing the crushed livestock and poultry died of diseases in an acid solution in a closed container; standing and layering after the hydrolysis is finished, and collecting the amino acid solution in the middle layer to obtain the amino acid hydrolysate.
Furthermore, the acid solution is 2.5-5mol/L sulfuric acid solution, the hydrolysis temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the hydrolysis time is 2-5 h.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biological fertilizer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the pressed-sand watermelon, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure and the crushed crop straws, and then spraying a microbial agent for aerobic composting fermentation; drying and crushing the fermentation product, uniformly mixing the fermentation product with biological activated carbon, urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and granulating to obtain the biological fertilizer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the sand-pressed watermelon.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure and the crushed crop straws, and then spraying a microbial agent for aerobic composting fermentation; and after fermentation, adding amino acid hydrolysate, performing after-ripening for 3-5 days to obtain a fermentation product, drying and crushing the fermentation product, uniformly mixing the fermentation product with biological activated carbon, urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and granulating to obtain the biological fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of the sand-pressed watermelon.
Further, before composting and fermenting, the crop straws are placed in a sodium sulfite solution to be cooked, then placed in a sodium hydroxide solution to be soaked, cleaned to be neutral, dried in the air and crushed to be less than 5cm in length for use.
Further, the mass fraction of the sodium sulfite solution is 20-35%, the cooking time is 10-30min, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 30-40%, the soaking time is 20-30min, and the straws are aired to be used until the water content is 10-20%.
Further, the stacking height is 1-2m, the fermentation time is 25-35 days, the fermentation temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the stack is turned once every 2-3 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) through compost fermentation, on one hand, the decomposition and utilization rate of effective substances of crop straws and livestock manure is improved, on the other hand, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma, pseudomonas, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans with antagonistic action are introduced into soil, a large amount of beneficial microorganisms can be generated in the soil, so that biological control is performed on crop soil-borne diseases, multiple beneficial microorganisms are compounded together, and a biological organic fertilizer is prepared by combining the effect of the organic fertilizer, so that a better effect is achieved on the control of watermelon continuous cropping obstacles.
(2) During the composting fermentation process, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma, pseudomonas, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans generate various bioactive substances with antagonistic action on plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria and insects, such as cell wall degrading enzymes and secondary metabolites, so that the activities of soil urease, invertase, neutral phosphatase, catalase and the like in sand field soil are increased, the activity of the enzymes is reduced, the stress resistance of crops is improved, the plant growth is promoted, and the yield of agricultural products is improved.
(3) The organic nutrients prepared by fermenting the livestock manure and the crop straws are taken as main components, and a proper amount of inorganic fertilizer is reasonably matched, so that the comprehensive and reasonable nutrients can be provided for crops, the soil quality can be comprehensively improved, and the soil fertility is increased; the fertilizer efficiency is rapid and lasting, and fertilizer damage can not be caused; can provide comprehensive and balanced nutrients for crops and greatly improve the disease resistance of the crops; can also improve soil, increase granular structure and improve fertilizer utilization rate.
(4) Various amino acid components are introduced into soil by adding amino acid hydrolysate, and the amino acid exists in the fertilizer as the minimum molecule for constituting protein and is easy to be absorbed by crops; also has the functions of improving disease resistance of the fertilization objects and improving the quality of the fertilization crops. The method has the advantages of supplementing essential amino acids for plants, stimulating and regulating the rapid growth of the plants, promoting the robust growth of the plants, promoting the absorption of nutrient substances, and further relieving the technical problem that the watermelon growth is influenced by the reduction of soil fertility caused by the continuous cropping of the watermelon.
(5) The biological activated carbon added in the raw materials is beneficial to water locking and moisture retention of soil due to higher porosity, and has strong regulating effect on the electrolyte of the soil, so that the soil has greater compatibility. When the fertilizer is just applied, a large amount of electrolyte adsorbed by the activated carbon can buffer some nutrients with low water content, and the nutrients are slowly released under the action of a plant root system.
(6) Before compost fermentation is carried out, sodium sulfite solution is used for soaking and boiling straws for compost, on one hand, sterilization and curing are carried out, the number of harmful strains is reduced, on the other hand, cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose which are mutually wrapped in straw powder can be separated, and then, sodium hydroxide is further used for soaking pretreatment, so that the decomposition of the cellulose and the hemicellulose in the straw powder and the damage of a lignin structure can be effectively promoted, the hydrolysis of the cellulose, the hemicellulose and the lignin in the straw powder can be realized to the maximum extent, and the absorption of subsequent strains is facilitated.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
In the following embodiment of the invention, the livestock and poultry manure is pig manure in pig farms, the crop straw is corn straw, the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, trichoderma, pseudomonas, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, the total effective viable count is 5 hundred million CFU/ml, and the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is not less than 9 multiplied by 107cfu/mL, viable count of Trichoderma not less than 7 × 107cfu/mL, viable count of Pseudomonas not less than 8 × 107cfu/mL, viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum no less than 9 × 107cfu/mL, the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus licheniformis is not less than 9 multiplied by 107cfu/mL, the viable count of the bacillus coagulans is not less than 8 multiplied by 107cfu/mL。
Example 1
Taking raw materials: 120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of crop straws, 10 parts of a fermentation microbial agent, 10 parts of biological activated carbon, 15 parts of urea, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 8 parts of potassium sulfate.
Uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure and crop straws crushed to be less than 5cm in length, and spraying a microbial agent for aerobic composting fermentation; drying and crushing the fermentation product, uniformly mixing the fermentation product with biological activated carbon, urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and granulating to obtain the biological fertilizer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the sand-pressed watermelon.
Wherein the stacking height is 2m, the fermentation time is 35 days, the fermentation temperature is 50 ℃, and the stack is turned once every 3 days.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the following raw materials are taken: 80 parts of livestock manure, 30 parts of crop straws, 15 parts of fermentation microbial agent, 5 parts of biological activated carbon, 10 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 10 parts of potassium sulfate.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that 25 parts of amino acid hydrolysate 30 parts are also added to the raw material. The preparation method of the amino acid hydrolysate comprises the following steps: hydrolyzing the crushed livestock and poultry died of diseases in 5mol/L sulfuric acid solution for 4 hours at 90 ℃; standing to 80 ℃ for layering after hydrolysis is finished, and collecting the amino acid solution in the middle layer to obtain the amino acid hydrolysate.
The preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure and the crushed crop straws, and spraying a microbial agent for aerobic composting fermentation; and after fermentation, adding amino acid hydrolysate, performing after-ripening for 3 days to obtain a fermentation product, drying and crushing the fermentation product, uniformly mixing the fermentation product with biological activated carbon, urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and granulating to obtain the biological fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of the sand-pressed watermelon. The stacking height is 2m, the fermentation time is 35 days, the fermentation temperature is 50 ℃, the pile is turned once every 3 days, and the pile is turned once every day in the after-ripening process.
Example 4
The difference from the example 3 is that the crop straws are placed in 30 percent sodium sulfite solution for cooking for 20min before composting fermentation, then are placed in 35 percent sodium hydroxide solution for soaking for 30min, are dried and crushed to be less than 5cm in length after being washed to be neutral, and then are used.
Example 5
The difference from example 4 is that the livestock manure was subjected to the following treatments before being subjected to composting fermentation:
taking livestock manure, adjusting the water content of the livestock manure to 50%, adding 50ml of microbial agent into 1kg of the livestock manure, and fermenting for 18 days for pre-curing to obtain a livestock manure pre-fermentation product; then the mixture is used as a fermentation raw material and is evenly mixed with crop straws for composting fermentation.
Example 6
The difference from example 4 is that no biological activated carbon was added.
Example 7
The difference from example 4 is that no crop straw was added.
The organic fertilizer prepared in the examples 1 to 7 is used as a base fertilizer for planting the third-year pressed-sand watermelon in a pressed-sand field for two years, 1kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each watermelon seedling by hole application, about 2 kg of soil is dug out of each hole, and the organic fertilizer is uniformly mixed with the organic fertilizer used in each hole and then is completely put into the hole. The planting density is 280 plants/mu, and other management modes are the same. The fruit weight and yield per fruit are investigated at the fruit maturity stage and are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002798987310000051
Figure BDA0002798987310000061
The table 1 shows that amino acid hydrolysate and charcoal are added into the compost product after compost fermentation, and the addition of crop straws and the pretreatment of crop straws can improve the compost efficiency and the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizers, so that the yield of watermelons is improved, furthermore, the livestock manure is subjected to pre-fermentation to obtain a pre-fermented product, and then the compost fermentation is further performed, the pre-fermented product contains a large amount of mature zymophyte and is rich in nutrients, growth factors and the like for growth and multiplication of the zymophyte, and after being mixed with the crop straws, the pre-fermented product has a certain growth environment suitable for mass propagation of the zymophyte, and the added microbial inoculum can start mass propagation, enzyme production, fermentation and curing in a short time, so that the compost fermentation efficiency and the compost fertilizer efficiency are effectively improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (2)

1. The biofertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of the pressed-sand watermelon is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 80-120 parts of livestock manure, 30-50 parts of crop straw, 10-20 parts of fermentation microbial agent, 5-10 parts of biological activated carbon, 10-15 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 5-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate; the livestock manure is pig manure in a pig farm;
the microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, trichoderma, pseudomonas, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, and the total effective viable count is 5 hundred million CFU/ml, wherein the bacillus subtilisThe viable count of Bacillus is not less than 8 × 106cfu/mL, viable count of Trichoderma not less than 3 × 106cfu/mL, viable count of Pseudomonas not less than 2 × 106cfu/mL, viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum no less than 2 × 106cfu/mL, the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus licheniformis is not less than 3 multiplied by 106cfu/mL, viable count of Bacillus coagulans not less than 5 × 106cfu/mL；
The preparation method of the amino acid hydrolysate comprises the following steps: hydrolyzing the crushed livestock and poultry died of diseases in an acid solution in a closed container; standing and layering after the hydrolysis is finished, and collecting the amino acid solution in the middle layer, namely the amino acid hydrolysate;
the acid solution is 2.5-5mol/L sulfuric acid solution, the hydrolysis temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the hydrolysis time is 2-5 h;
the preparation method of the biological fertilizer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the pressed-sand watermelon comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure and the crushed crop straws, and then spraying a microbial agent for aerobic composting fermentation; after fermentation, adding amino acid hydrolysate, after-ripening for 3-5 days to obtain a fermentation product, drying and crushing the fermentation product, uniformly mixing the fermentation product with biological activated carbon, urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and then granulating to obtain the biological fertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of the sand-pressed watermelon;
before composting fermentation, placing the crop straws in a sodium sulfite solution for cooking, then placing the crop straws in a sodium hydroxide solution for soaking, cleaning the crop straws to be neutral, airing the crop straws and crushing the crop straws to be less than 5cm in length for use;
stacking height of 1-2m, fermenting for 25-35 days at 30-50 deg.C, and turning once every 2-3 days.
2. The biofertilizer for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of sand-pressed watermelons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of sodium sulfite solution is 20-35%, the cooking time is 10-30min, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 30-40%, the soaking time is 20-30min, and the straws are aired to be used until the water content is 10-20%.
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