CN106386163A - Method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straw - Google Patents
Method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN106386163A CN106386163A CN201610666798.2A CN201610666798A CN106386163A CN 106386163 A CN106386163 A CN 106386163A CN 201610666798 A CN201610666798 A CN 201610666798A CN 106386163 A CN106386163 A CN 106386163A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating edible fungi by using crop straw. The method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, mixing the materials, performing fermentation, performing sterilization and inoculation, performing spawn running, cultivation and harvesting, and the like. As the straw is fermented, the inherent crude fiber and the like in the straw can be decomposed, nutrient components such as crude protein can be formed, cultivation materials obtained after fermentation can be relatively easily absorbed and utilized by the edible fungi, and thus growth of the edible fungi can be promoted. As the crop straw is adopted as a raw material to cultivate the edible fungi, the crop straw can be turned into wealth from waste, the environment pollution caused by straw incineration can be reduced, the cost of an edible fungus cultivation base material can be reduced, the production technical level and benefits of the edible fungi can be increased, and the income of local farmers can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of plantation edible mushroom is and in particular to a kind of utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom
Method.
Background technology
China's agricultural crop straw quantity is big, species is many, distribution is wide, and according to the relevent statistics, China, as large agricultural country, every year may be used
Produce more than 700,000,000 ton of stalk, the particularly annual summer harvest and when the autumn and winter, always there are the stalks such as substantial amounts of wheat, corn to produce, these
Stalk is the main life fuel of Chinese rural, draught animal feed and organic fertilizer, and small part as the raw material of industry and eats
Bacterium base-material.But, stalk comprehensive utilization yet suffers from the problems such as utilization rate is low, industrial chain is short and industrial pattern is unreasonable.
Traditional stalk processing method is to be deposited in edge of the village roadside, Around the house, field, not only wastes preciousness
Natural resources, and occupy arable land, polluted source after leaching, in water, eutrophication degree is high.Have direct in field burning, hinder
Traffic, pollution environment, or even initiation fire, particularly banana stalk intractability is bigger, and these stalks become " use is little "
But " discarded object " that must dispose., in addition to containing substantial amounts of carbon, also nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, silicon etc. are many for crop material
Plant nutrient, and be rich in the organic substance such as cellulose, hemicellulose, fat, protein.With agricultural production and Rural Energy
The development of source cause, agricultural straw resource occurs in that a large amount of residues, could not be fully utilized, in order to improve traw economy
It is worth, turn waste into wealth, abridged edition gain, using crop material culturing edible fungus, wasting of resources type traditional agriculture can be changed, realize
" the careless Cheng Jin of point, turn harm into good, turn waste into wealth, no useless producing ", be agricultural crop straw comprehensive development and utilization open up one effectively,
Lasting shortcut.
Edible mushroom（edible fungi）It is to form large-scale fructification in fungi, and can eat or medicinal bacterium for people
Class general name.Edible Fungi has " when not striven with agriculture, with agriculture is not striven grain, is not striven ground with agriculture, do not striven fertilizer with agriculture, take up an area less, use water
Less, the features such as small investment, instant effect ", edible mushroom can in a large number discard agricultural crop straw change into can human consumption high-quality
High protein healthy food, its culture medium waste (mushroom bran) is good fertilizer in farmland again, is to extend agricultural industry chain and rush
Enter the important component part of Agro-ecology optimization.
In terms of carrying out culturing edible fungus using agricultural crop straw, retrieve associated documents as follows：
1st, Chinese patent, application number：201610121822.4, denomination of invention：The Pleurotus ferulae cultivation skill of base-material is trained based on stalk
Art, applicant：Changzhou Sanxin Gardening Co., Ltd., address：Pu He Bei Street, Xi Xia Shu, Newbei District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, summary：
Train the pleurotus ferulae cultivation technology of base-material based on stalk, it is related to agriculture fungus growing technique field；It is by mass percentage
Stalk 70%, the proportioning of cotton seed hulls 15% collect raw material, raw material is banked up fermentation, sets up fermentation heap, add auxiliary material and make
Culture base-material, after the culture base-material made is packed, moves into sterilization stove and is sterilized, and carries out bacterium bag inoculation, sends out after the completion of sterilizing
Tube reason, management of producing mushroom, finally harvest.It makes full use of agricultural waste resource stalk so as to turn waste into wealth, and passes in conjunction with Pleurotus ferulae
System culturing raw material cotton seed hulls, is made into culture base-material with optimal proportion, reduces the cost of edible mushroom Pleurotus ferulae culture medium for cultivating material,
Improve the productivity effect of Pleurotus ferulae.
2nd, Chinese patent, application number：201210112350.8, denomination of invention：A kind of is primary raw material using tomato stalk
Method to cultivate flat mushroom, patentee：He Han, address：Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Bose City Tiandong County Dongning County West Road He Heng lane
No. 253, summary：This invention is related to a kind of fungus growing technique field and in particular to a kind of is mainly former using tomato stalk
The method to cultivate flat mushroom for the material.Specifically include：Prepare flat mushroom using resourceful tomato stalk resource for primary raw material to produce
Use culture medium；Minced with tomato powder of straw, several primary raw material such as weedtree sawdust, rice bran by fermentation after with flat mushroom strain by than
Example packs after directly mixing and cultivates to the production fruiting bacterium rod sending out bacterium preparation；Realize standing by code bacterium wall when producing cultivation
Body is cultivated.By implementing this invention, the tomato place of production both can trans-utilization tomato stalk in a large number, reduce caused by burning to big
Gas, soil, water quality, the pollution of environment, lengthening manufacturing chain, make the multistage increment of agricultural resource, increase industry added value, increase peasant
Income.
3rd, Chinese patent, application number：201410690149.7, denomination of invention：A kind of pleurotus eryngii of utilization garlic stalk is planted
Training material and the method producing pleurotus eryngii, applicant：Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, address：Shandong
Jinan City of province Licheng District Industry North Road 202, summary：A kind of planting almond abalone mushroom material of utilization garlic stalk and preparation method thereof.
As follows including component, 20～40 parts of garlic stalk crushed material, 20～40 parts of cotton seed hulls, 10～20 parts of weed tree sawdust, corncob 10
～20 parts, 15～25 parts of wheat bran, 3～10 parts of corn flour, 0.5～2 part of calcium superphosphate, pulverized limestone 0.5～
2 parts, 0.5～2 part of brown sugar, 0.05～0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1～0.3 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.This planting material
Replace cotton seed hulls, wood chip etc. with garlic stalk part in raw material, be not significantly different with routine operation, greatly reduce matrix
Cost.Garlic stalk not only solves the poorly efficient utilization of a large amount of garlic stalks through edible fungus culturing using being re-used as fertilizer also field
Problem, can also obtain good economic benefit, realize the comprehensive utilization of resource, solve environmental problem simultaneously, achieve many things at one stroke.
The development with mushroom industry, agricultural crop straw more and more quilt is can be seen that from the above-mentioned document retrieving
Apply in the cultivation of edible mushroom, but the edible mushroom to a certain species of above-mentioned being both for property of document is cultivated, be suitable for
Scope is narrower.And currently there are cotton seed hulls, wood sawdust, bagasse etc. in China, with product for the primary raw material of culturing edible fungus
Industry develops, and the Main Cultivation cost of material of edible mushroom rises steadily, mushroom industry be subject to that there is lack of raw materials and price continuous on
The serious restriction risen.For example:Due to possessing rational trophic structure and suitable carbon/nitrogen ratio, cotton seed hulls is that tradition is generally acknowledged relatively
For preferable edible fungus culturing raw material, but ramping so that the cultivation cost of edible mushroom increases with cotton seed hulls price
Plus, most of non-cotton producing region has to abandon cotton seed hulls when considering Edible Fungi raw material.Therefore, research and utilization crops straw
Stalk is the fungus growing technique of main culture base-material, can not only improve the economic worth of agricultural crop straw, turn waste into wealth, abridged edition
Gain, moreover it is possible to reduce the production cost of edible mushroom, has good development prospect.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, by using crops straw
Stalk plants edible mushroom, so that agricultural crop straw is turned waste into wealth, reduces the pollution to environment for the crop straw burning, reduce edible fungus culturing
The cost of culture base-material, improves production technology level and the benefit of edible mushroom.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method that utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, comprises the steps：
(1) get the raw materials ready：Take the agricultural crop straw of following parts by weight：Banana stalk 20-30 part；Maize straw 15-20 part；Paddy rice
Stalk 10-15 part；Sugarcane top 25-35 part；Ramulus mori 20-25 part and cassava stalk 5-10 part are standby；
（2）Batch mixing：By above-mentioned parts by weight agricultural crop straw mixing and stirring, and by accounting for agricultural crop straw gross mass
The amount of 5-8% adds dry cow dung（The weight water content of dry cow dung is 20%-25%）Mix, obtain premix；Then in premix
The middle mixed bacteria liquid adding premix gross weight 2%-4% mixes, and the water content adjusting premix is to 50%-55%；
(3) ferment：Premix is placed in 60-65 DEG C of bottom fermentation 10-15 days, during fermentation every 3 days pile-turnings once, after fermentation
Obtain planting material；
（4）Disinfection inoculation：Planting material is loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, then carries out high-temp steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is
105-110 DEG C, sterilizing time is 8-10 hour, after sterilizing terminates, planting material is moved into inoculation interior and carries out edible fungi inoculation,
Inoculum concentration is the 3% of planting material gross weight；
（5）Send out bacterium culture：Postvaccinal planting material is moved into culture in factory's booth, cultivates the 1-12 days, adjust culture temperature
Spend for 26 DEG C -30 DEG C, cultivate the 13-20 days, adjust cultivation temperature and be 23 DEG C -25 DEG C, culture covers with maturation to mycelia on the 21st day,
Adjust cultivation temperature and be 24 DEG C -27 DEG C, adjusting relative humidity during whole culture is 70%；
（6）Harvesting：Enter the management of producing mushroom stage after mycelia maturation, using conventional method management, harvest after mushroom body maturation.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the agricultural crop straw described in step (1) be all through
Obtain after crossing process, processing method is：It is 10 that the agricultural crop straw take nothing to go mouldy, no rotting is dried to weight water content
～14%, then pulverized with pulverizer.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the mixed bacteria liquid described in step (2) is first will to put
Line bacterium and Trichoderma viride are according to actinomyces:Trichoderma viride is 0.6-0.8:The weight ratio of 0.8-1 is mixed to get Mixed Microbes, then plus
Enter the gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach and stomach slag obtains；The gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach and the addition of stomach slag
The 0.1-0.5 times of weight portion for Mixed Microbes.Gastric juice and stomach slag can obtain from slaughterhouse；Add taking-up in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach
Gastric juice and stomach slag, can promote the decomposition of agricultural crop straw, compared with the fermentation of the Mixed Microbes being combined by actinomyces and Trichoderma viride
Effect, adds the ferment effect after gastric juice and stomach slag to improve more than 1 times in Mixed Microbes.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, carries out edible fungi inoculation in step (4), described food
Include flat mushroom, asparagus, straw mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, white fungus, glossy ganoderma, agaricus bisporus and Brazilian mushroom with the species of bacterium.
Actinomyces and Trichoderma viride, wherein, actinomyces is contained in mixed bacteria liquid used by the present invention（Classification system：
Actinobacteria）A procaryotic monoid, be a group Gram-positive, height (G+C) mol% content (>
55%) bacterium, actinomyces can decompose many organic matters, including aromatic, paraffin, rubber, cellulose, wooden etc.
The compound of the strong toxicity such as complex compound and some cyanogen.The big multipotency of actinomyces produces antibiotic, has very strong decomposition fiber
The ability of element, and contain containing substantial amounts of cellulose in agricultural crop straw, by actinomycetic decomposition, in agricultural crop straw
Cellulose can be transformed into the albumen and nutrient needed for edible mushroom, thus the growth beneficial to edible mushroom.
Trichoderma viride is one kind of Trichoderma, and mycelia is very thin colourless, and tool separates, multi-branched；Classification system is
Trich0derma viride, in distributed in nature extensively, often saprophytic on timber, seed and plant residue.Trichoderma viride is
One of institute's cellulase-producing activity highest bacterial strain, produced cellulase has degradation to crop, and effect is very good, green
Color trichoderma can produce multiple enzyme systems with biologically active, such as：Cellulase etc..Trichoderma has stronger decomposition of cellulose ability,
Trichoderma viride usually can produce the cellulase of high activity, very strong to the capacity of decomposition of cellulose.And in agricultural crop straw
Containing substantial amounts of cellulose, using trichoderma viride, can degrading straw fiber during the fermentation.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, the present invention utilizes the method that agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, according to local proportion of crop planting situation, using crops
Stalk is easy to get as the Main Cultivation material of edible mushroom, raw material, and agricultural crop straw is fully utilized, and decreases
The surplus of stalk, reduces the pollution to environment for the crop straw burning, for " beautiful rural area " experience of offering reference, and by sending out
Stalk after ferment, as the planting material of plantation edible mushroom, greatly reduces the production cost of edible mushroom, improves peasant's simultaneously
Income.
2nd, the present invention utilizes the method that agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, and the bacteria residue after plantation edible mushroom can become and is very well
Fertilizer, is further utilized, and promotes the development of organic agriculture and ecological yarn system benign cycle.
And through finding in the test of 3 years of Nanning City Binyang County, edible mushroom, edible mushroom are planted using the method for the present invention
Output increased 23%, local farmers year per capita net income increased 623 yuan, promote the development of rural economy.
3rd, the stomach that the artiodactylous ruminant of ruminant stomach ruminant stomach vertebrate has.To as food
The mainly microorganism by psalterial huge volume and motility and symbiosis to be born for the digestion of plant tissue.Cattle and sheep are anti-
Survive in hay stomach substantial amounts of anaerobic infusorian and bacterium (content of the cud of 1 ox there are about 40L, about contain 4 ×
1010 anaerobic infusorians and 4 × 104 Anaerobic Bacterias), these microorganisms can play fermentation, decomposes thick in feed
Cellulose and hemicellulose, produce various small molecule carbohydrates and are digested and assimilated by small intestine.The gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach
Contain multiple-microorganism with stomach slag, contain the digestive ferments such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin and renin in gastric juice, fall can be played to crude fibre
Solution acts on, and is used for sending out of stalk in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach after the gastric juice taking out and stomach slag are mixed together with actinomyces and Trichoderma viride
Ferment, improves the content of microorganism in fermentation material, promotes the decomposition of stalk fibre, through inventor test find, add from
The gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach and stomach slag, the ferment effect of stalk greatly improves, and stalk crude fibre is easier to decompose, compared with
The ferment effect of the Mixed Microbes being combined by actinomyces and Trichoderma viride, adds the ferment effect after gastric juice and stomach slag in Mixed Microbes
Improve more than 1 times.Mixed bacteria liquid used by the present invention carries out fermentation energy makes crude fibre originally containing in stalk etc. be decomposed,
Form the nutrient content of crude protein one class, the planting material obtaining after fermentation is easier to be eaten bacterium and absorbs, thus promoting to eat
Growth with bacterium.
4th, present invention agricultural crop straw and dry cow dung are mixed to get premix, and the carbon containing in premix, sugar are high, also
There are the various nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, silicon, be also rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, fat, protein etc. organic
Material, the present invention can obtain being more beneficial for the nutriment of edible fungi growth by premix is carried out with fermentation process, is easy to eat
Absorbed with bacterium.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, comprises the steps：
(1) get the raw materials ready：Take the agricultural crop straw of following parts by weight：20 parts of banana stalk；20 parts of maize straw；Rice straw 10
Part；35 parts of sugarcane top；20 parts of ramulus mori and 10 parts of cassava stalk are standby；
（2）Batch mixing：By above-mentioned parts by weight agricultural crop straw mixing and stirring, and by accounting for agricultural crop straw gross mass
5% amount adds dry cow dung（The weight water content of dry cow dung is 20%-25%）Mix, obtain premix；Then in premix
The mixed bacteria liquid adding premix gross weight 2% mixes, and the water content adjusting premix is to 50%；
(3) ferment：Premix is placed in 60 DEG C of bottom fermentations 15 days, during fermentation every 3 days pile-turnings once, is planted after fermentation
Training material；
（4）Disinfection inoculation：Planting material is loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, then carries out high-temp steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is 105
DEG C, sterilizing time is 10 hours, after sterilizing terminates, planting material is moved into inoculation interior and carries out edible fungi inoculation, inoculum concentration is
The 3% of planting material gross weight；
（5）Send out bacterium culture：Postvaccinal planting material is moved into culture in factory's booth, cultivates the 1-12 days, adjust culture temperature
Spend for 26 DEG C -30 DEG C, cultivate the 13-20 days, adjust cultivation temperature and be 23 DEG C -25 DEG C, culture covers with maturation to mycelia on the 21st day,
Adjust cultivation temperature and be 24 DEG C -27 DEG C, adjusting relative humidity during whole culture is 70%；
（6）Harvesting：Enter the management of producing mushroom stage after mycelia maturation, using conventional method management, harvest after mushroom body maturation.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the agricultural crop straw described in step (1) be all through
Obtain after crossing process, processing method is：The agricultural crop straw take nothing to go mouldy, no rotting is dried to weight water content is
10%, then pulverized with pulverizer.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the mixed bacteria liquid described in step (2) is first will to put
Line bacterium and Trichoderma viride are according to actinomyces:Trichoderma viride is 0.6:0.8 weight ratio is mixed to get Mixed Microbes, adds from ox
The gastric juice taking out in sheep ruminant stomach and stomach slag obtain；The gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach and the addition of stomach slag are mixing
0.1 times of weight portion of bacterium.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, carries out edible fungi inoculation in step (4), described food
It is asparagus with the species of bacterium.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, comprises the steps：
(1) get the raw materials ready：Take the agricultural crop straw of following parts by weight：30 parts of banana stalk；15 parts of maize straw；Rice straw 15
Part；25 parts of sugarcane top；25 parts of ramulus mori and 5 parts of cassava stalk are standby；
（2）Batch mixing：By above-mentioned parts by weight agricultural crop straw mixing and stirring, and by accounting for agricultural crop straw gross mass
6% amount adds dry cow dung（The weight water content of dry cow dung is 20%-25%）Mix, obtain premix；Then in premix
The mixed bacteria liquid adding premix gross weight 3% mixes, and the water content adjusting premix is to 55%；
(3) ferment：Premix is placed in 65 DEG C of bottom fermentations 10 days, during fermentation every 3 days pile-turnings once, is planted after fermentation
Training material；
（4）Disinfection inoculation：Planting material is loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, then carries out high-temp steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is 110
DEG C, sterilizing time is 8 hours, after sterilizing terminates, planting material is moved into inoculation interior and carries out edible fungi inoculation, inoculum concentration is to plant
The 3% of training material gross weight；
（5）Send out bacterium culture：Postvaccinal planting material is moved into culture in factory's booth, cultivates the 1-12 days, adjust culture temperature
Spend for 26 DEG C -30 DEG C, cultivate the 13-20 days, adjust cultivation temperature and be 23 DEG C -25 DEG C, culture covers with maturation to mycelia on the 21st day,
Adjust cultivation temperature and be 24 DEG C -27 DEG C, adjusting relative humidity during whole culture is 70%；
（6）Harvesting：Enter the management of producing mushroom stage after mycelia maturation, using conventional method management, harvest after mushroom body maturation.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the agricultural crop straw described in step (1) be all through
Obtain after crossing process, processing method is：The agricultural crop straw take nothing to go mouldy, no rotting is dried to weight water content is
14%, then pulverized with pulverizer.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the mixed bacteria liquid described in step (2) is first will to put
Line bacterium and Trichoderma viride are according to actinomyces:Trichoderma viride is 0.8:1 weight ratio is mixed to get Mixed Microbes, adds from cattle and sheep
The gastric juice taking out in ruminant stomach and stomach slag obtain；The gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach and the addition of stomach slag are Mixed Microbes
0.2 times of weight portion of weight.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, carries out edible fungi inoculation in step (4), described food
It is straw mushroom with the species of bacterium.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, comprises the steps：
(1) get the raw materials ready：Take the agricultural crop straw of following parts by weight：24 parts of banana stalk；17 parts of maize straw；Rice straw 12
Part；30 parts of sugarcane top；23 parts of ramulus mori and 7 parts of cassava stalk are standby；
（2）Batch mixing：By above-mentioned parts by weight agricultural crop straw mixing and stirring, and by accounting for agricultural crop straw gross mass
7% amount adds dry cow dung（The weight water content of dry cow dung is 20%-25%）Mix, obtain premix；Then in premix
The mixed bacteria liquid adding premix gross weight 3% mixes, and the water content adjusting premix is to 53%；
(3) ferment：Premix is placed in 62 DEG C of bottom fermentations 13 days, during fermentation every 3 days pile-turnings once, is planted after fermentation
Training material；
（4）Disinfection inoculation：Planting material is loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, then carries out high-temp steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is 108
DEG C, sterilizing time is 9 hours, after sterilizing terminates, planting material is moved into inoculation interior and carries out edible fungi inoculation, inoculum concentration is to plant
The 3% of training material gross weight；
（5）Send out bacterium culture：Postvaccinal planting material is moved into culture in factory's booth, cultivates the 1-12 days, adjust culture temperature
Spend for 26 DEG C -30 DEG C, cultivate the 13-20 days, adjust cultivation temperature and be 23 DEG C -25 DEG C, culture covers with maturation to mycelia on the 21st day,
Adjust cultivation temperature and be 24 DEG C -27 DEG C, adjusting relative humidity during whole culture is 70%；
（6）Harvesting：Enter the management of producing mushroom stage after mycelia maturation, using conventional method management, harvest after mushroom body maturation.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the agricultural crop straw described in step (1) be all through
Obtain after crossing process, processing method is：The agricultural crop straw take nothing to go mouldy, no rotting is dried to weight water content is
12%, then pulverized with pulverizer.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the mixed bacteria liquid described in step (2) is first will to put
Line bacterium and Trichoderma viride are according to actinomyces:Trichoderma viride is 0.7:0.9 weight ratio is mixed to get Mixed Microbes, adds from ox
The gastric juice taking out in sheep ruminant stomach and stomach slag obtain；The gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach and the addition of stomach slag are mixing
0.3 times of weight portion of bacterium.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, carries out edible fungi inoculation in step (4), described food
It is flat mushroom with the species of bacterium.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method that utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, comprises the steps：
(1) get the raw materials ready：Take the agricultural crop straw of following parts by weight：27 parts of banana stalk；18 parts of maize straw；Rice straw 13
Part；28 parts of sugarcane top；24 parts of ramulus mori and 8 parts of cassava stalk are standby；
（2）Batch mixing：By above-mentioned parts by weight agricultural crop straw mixing and stirring, and by accounting for agricultural crop straw gross mass 8%
Amount add dry cow dung（The weight water content of dry cow dung is 20%-25%）Mix, obtain premix；Then add in premix
The mixed bacteria liquid entering premix gross weight 4% mixes, and the water content adjusting premix is to 54%；
(3) ferment：Premix is placed in 64 DEG C of bottom fermentations 11 days, during fermentation every 3 days pile-turnings once, is planted after fermentation
Training material；
（4）Disinfection inoculation：Planting material is loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, then carries out high-temp steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is 107
DEG C, sterilizing time is 10 hours, after sterilizing terminates, planting material is moved into inoculation interior and carries out edible fungi inoculation, inoculum concentration is
The 3% of planting material gross weight；
（5）Send out bacterium culture：Postvaccinal planting material is moved into culture in factory's booth, cultivates the 1-12 days, adjust culture temperature
Spend for 26 DEG C -30 DEG C, cultivate the 13-20 days, adjust cultivation temperature and be 23 DEG C -25 DEG C, culture covers with maturation to mycelia on the 21st day,
Adjust cultivation temperature and be 24 DEG C -27 DEG C, adjusting relative humidity during whole culture is 70%；
（6）Harvesting：Enter the management of producing mushroom stage after mycelia maturation, using conventional method management, harvest after mushroom body maturation.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the agricultural crop straw described in step (1) be all through
Obtain after crossing process, processing method is：The agricultural crop straw take nothing to go mouldy, no rotting is dried to weight water content is
13%, then pulverized with pulverizer.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the mixed bacteria liquid described in step (2) is first will to put
Line bacterium and Trichoderma viride are according to actinomyces:Trichoderma viride is 0.8:0.9 weight ratio is mixed to get Mixed Microbes, adds from ox
The gastric juice taking out in sheep ruminant stomach and stomach slag obtain；The gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach and the addition of stomach slag are mixing
0.4 times of weight portion of bacterium.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, carries out edible fungi inoculation in step (4), described food
It is Brazilian mushroom with the species of bacterium.
Embodiment 5
A kind of method that utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, comprises the steps：
(1) get the raw materials ready：Take the agricultural crop straw of following parts by weight：27 parts of banana stalk；19 parts of maize straw；Rice straw 13
Part；32 parts of sugarcane top；21 parts of ramulus mori and 9 parts of cassava stalk are standby；
（2）Batch mixing：By above-mentioned parts by weight agricultural crop straw mixing and stirring, and by accounting for agricultural crop straw gross mass
6% amount adds dry cow dung（The weight water content of dry cow dung is 20%-25%）Mix, obtain premix；Then in premix
The mixed bacteria liquid adding premix gross weight 3% mixes, and the water content adjusting premix is to 55%；
(3) ferment：Premix is placed in 60 DEG C of bottom fermentations 15 days, during fermentation every 3 days pile-turnings once, is planted after fermentation
Training material；
（4）Disinfection inoculation：Planting material is loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, then carries out high-temp steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is 110
DEG C, sterilizing time is 8 hours, after sterilizing terminates, planting material is moved into inoculation interior and carries out edible fungi inoculation, inoculum concentration is to plant
The 3% of training material gross weight；
（5）Send out bacterium culture：Postvaccinal planting material is moved into culture in factory's booth, cultivates the 1-12 days, adjust culture temperature
Spend for 26 DEG C -30 DEG C, cultivate the 13-20 days, adjust cultivation temperature and be 23 DEG C -25 DEG C, culture covers with maturation to mycelia on the 21st day,
Adjust cultivation temperature and be 24 DEG C -27 DEG C, adjusting relative humidity during whole culture is 70%；
（6）Harvesting：Enter the management of producing mushroom stage after mycelia maturation, using conventional method management, harvest after mushroom body maturation.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the agricultural crop straw described in step (1) be all through
Obtain after crossing process, processing method is：The agricultural crop straw take nothing to go mouldy, no rotting is dried to weight water content is
11%, then pulverized with pulverizer.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, the mixed bacteria liquid described in step (2) is first will to put
Line bacterium and Trichoderma viride are according to actinomyces:Trichoderma viride is 0.7:1 weight ratio is mixed to get Mixed Microbes, adds from cattle and sheep
The gastric juice taking out in ruminant stomach and stomach slag obtain；The gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach and the addition of stomach slag are Mixed Microbes
0.5 times of weight portion.
The method that above-mentioned utilization agricultural crop straw plants edible mushroom, carries out edible fungi inoculation in step (4), described food
Include flat mushroom, asparagus, straw mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, white fungus, glossy ganoderma, agaricus bisporus and Brazilian mushroom with the species of bacterium.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method using agricultural crop straw plantation edible mushroom is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
(1) get the raw materials ready：Take the agricultural crop straw of following parts by weight：Banana stalk 20-30 part；Maize straw 15-20 part；Paddy rice
Stalk 10-15 part；Sugarcane top 25-35 part；Ramulus mori 20-25 part and cassava stalk 5-10 part are standby；
（2）Batch mixing：By above-mentioned parts by weight agricultural crop straw mixing and stirring, and by accounting for agricultural crop straw gross mass
The amount of 5-8% adds dry cow dung to mix, and obtains premix；Then the Mixed Microbes of premix gross weight 2%-4% are added in premix
Liquid mixes, and the water content adjusting premix is to 50%-55%；
(3) ferment：Premix is placed in 60-65 DEG C of bottom fermentation 10-15 days, during fermentation every 3 days pile-turnings once, after fermentation
Obtain planting material；
（4）Disinfection inoculation：Planting material is loaded in polypropylene plastics pocket, then carries out high-temp steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is
105-110 DEG C, sterilizing time is 8-10 hour, after sterilizing terminates, planting material is moved into inoculation interior and carries out edible fungi inoculation,
Inoculum concentration is the 3% of planting material gross weight；
（5）Send out bacterium culture：Postvaccinal planting material is moved into culture in factory's booth, cultivates the 1-12 days, adjust culture temperature
Spend for 26 DEG C -30 DEG C, cultivate the 13-20 days, adjust cultivation temperature and be 23 DEG C -25 DEG C, culture covers with maturation to mycelia on the 21st day,
Adjust cultivation temperature and be 24 DEG C -27 DEG C, adjusting relative humidity during whole culture is 70%；
（6）Harvesting：Enter the management of producing mushroom stage after mycelia maturation, using conventional method management, harvest after mushroom body maturation.
2. utilization agricultural crop straw according to claim 1 plants the method for edible mushroom it is characterised in that in step (1)
Described agricultural crop straw all obtains after treatment, and processing method is：The agricultural crop straw take nothing to go mouldy, no rotting enters
It is 10～14% that row dries to weight water content, is then pulverized with pulverizer.
3. utilization agricultural crop straw according to claim 1 plants the method for edible mushroom it is characterised in that in step (2)
Described mixed bacteria liquid is first according to actinomyces by actinomyces and Trichoderma viride:Trichoderma viride is 0.6-0.8:The weight of 0.8-1
Ratio is mixed to get Mixed Microbes, adds the gastric juice taking out in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach and stomach slag obtains；Take in cattle and sheep ruminant stomach
The gastric juice going out and the addition of stomach slag are 0.1-0.5 times of weight portion of Mixed Microbes.
4. utilization agricultural crop straw according to claim 1 plants the method for edible mushroom it is characterised in that in step (4)
Carry out edible fungi inoculation, the species of described edible mushroom includes flat mushroom, asparagus, straw mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, white fungus, glossy ganoderma, double spore mushroom
Mushroom and Brazilian mushroom.
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Application publication date: 20170215 |