CN104206286B - Scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy combines method of disposal - Google Patents
Scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy combines method of disposal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy to combine method of disposal, and this method is divided into route one, two and three.Route one is using fresh cow dung and rice straw as fermenting raw materials, and tunning is used further to feed earthworm, keeps fowls or process adult feedstuff after harvesting earthworm, wormcast is used for long-term cropping；Route two carries out secondary fermentation with functional microbial microbial inoculum is added after complex micro organism fungicide one time fermentation, is used for long-term cropping after compost maturity using cow dung and powdered rice hulls as composting material；Addition needle mushroom dreg, dry cow dung, dry rice straw, gypsum, lime and water carry out after fermentation again after route three banks up primary fermentation for layering after accumulation that dry rice straw, dry cow dung and auxiliary material are prewetted respectively；The compost cultivation of after fermentation eats/medical fungus, and caused waste material is used for long-term cropping.Institute's industry chain length of the present invention, high financial profit so that cow dung cascaded utilization of energy, and the discharge of pollutant is reduced, its economic benefit is reached maximum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to utilization of cow dung, in particular to a combined treatment method for gradient utilization of cow dung energy in a large-scale cow farm.
Background
With the improvement of living standard and the change of dietary structure of people, the proportion of the consumption of livestock products in food consumption of people is gradually increased, and the development of the breeding industry is correspondingly driven. The pollution of livestock and poultry manure to the environment is mainly concentrated in intensive farms in suburbs of large and medium cities, and the national environmental protection administration has shown that the annual output of livestock and poultry manure in China exceeds 40 hundred million tons and is more than 20 times of the annual discharge of industrial solid wastes by the research of provinces and cities in national large-scale breeding concentration. The COD content of the livestock and poultry manure is far more than the sum of the discharge amount of industrial wastewater and domestic water, and simultaneously, the main pollutants COD, BOD and NH of the livestock and poultry manure are discharged in large scale and intensive culture industry4N, TP and TN are main pollution sources of soil and water, and endanger human health. The existing domestic cow dung treatment methods include an incineration method, a drying and puffing method, a methane method, a composting method and other treatment methods, and are feasible under certain conditions, but all the methods have certain limitations. The method for treating the lower animals has unique advantages in the aspect of treating organic wastes, particularly in the aspect of treating livestock and poultry manure by the earthworms. The earthworm treatment of animal and poultry manure is an old and new biological technologyThe process has high efficiency, energy saving and low cost, can obtain high-quality organic fertilizer and high-protein feed, does not generate secondary waste, does not form secondary environmental pollution, and can obtain environmental protection benefit and certain economic benefit. However, for some cow dung disposal technical schemes which have been proposed at present in China, for example, a common mode is a cow earthworm and vegetable mode: the ecological utilization mode comprises the steps of cow feeding, earthworm breeding and vegetable cultivation (namely cow dung, earthworm dung and famous special vegetable cultivation). Its energy step is shorter, and cow dung resource can not receive make full use of to still will cause environmental pollution: secondly, the industrial chain is short, and the economic benefit of the energy cascade terminal is not high, so that the economic benefit maximization and the environmental protection benefit maximization of the cow dung resource disposal cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a combined treatment method for the energy gradient utilization of cow dung in a large-scale cow farm.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a combined disposal method for the energy gradient utilization of cow dung in a large-scale cow farm is divided into a first route, a second route or a third route; wherein,
route one includes the following steps: mixing fresh cow dung and rice straws according to a mass ratio of 6:4, adding EM active bacteria and brown sugar, fermenting under an anaerobic condition until the temperature in the stack is reduced to 40 ℃, turning the bottom material to the top, and removing toxic gases after 2-3 days to obtain the base material for breeding earthworms. Adjusting the pH value of the base material to be 6.5-7.5 by using acetic acid and quicklime water, adding nutrient substances (such as urea, saccharin and the like) into the base material, and standing the mixed base material for 2 days for feeding earthworms. Putting the young earthworms into a culture box containing a culture medium, placing the box in an earthworm breeding room, keeping the temperature at 22 ℃ and the moisture content of the base material at about 70%, and breeding for 45 days to obtain the earthworms. The produced earthworms are classified into fresh earthworms or processed into fish feed, and the like, which are respectively introduced into the market, and the fresh earthworms can be directly used for feeding poultry (the fresh earthworms can be pulped to be matched with other materials for use according to requirements). The wormcast is directly used as an organic fertilizer or is further fermented with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, soil phosphorus bacteria and soil potassium bacteria with less dosage and high efficiency with pasture and straw to produce a biological organic bacterial fertilizer for planting crops.
Route two includes the following steps: the cow dung and the rice hull powder are used as composting raw materials according to the mass ratio of dry materials of 30:8, a primary fermentation compound microbial agent prepared from trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas according to the concentration ratio of 2:2:2:1 is added for 15 days of fermentation, a functional microbial agent prepared from azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the concentration ratio of 1:1:1 is added for secondary fermentation, and the compost is decomposed to be used as a biological organic fertilizer for planting crops.
Route three includes the following steps: and respectively prewetting and stacking the dry straws, the dry cow dung and the auxiliary materials, then layering and stacking the materials, and fermenting for 12-16 days. After the straw and cow dung culture material is thoroughly decomposed, adding needle mushroom fungus residue, dry cow dung, dry straw, gypsum and lime, adding a proper amount of water, and heating to 60-65 ℃ for 5-7 hours; and then cooling to 50-52 ℃ and keeping for 4-7 days for post fermentation. The post-fermented culture material is used for cultivating edible/medicinal fungi. The waste materials generated by the cultivation fungi are used as organic fertilizers for planting crops.
The crops in the above route are preferably pasture or sweet potatoes, so that the crop yield is greatly improved; the sweet potatoes are harvested and processed into pure natural sweet potato vermicelli.
In the first route: the amount of the EM active bacteria is preferably 2 per mill of the total mass of the materials (fresh cow dung and rice straws); the amount of the brown sugar is preferably 1% of the total mass of the materials (fresh cow dung and rice straws); the amount of said nutrients is preferably 1% of the mass of the base material.
In the second route: the amount of the compound microbial agent for one-time fermentation is preferably 3.0 per mill of the mass of the compost raw materials; the amount of the functional microbial agent is preferably 1% of the mass of the compost raw materials.
In the third route: the auxiliary materials are preferably calcium superphosphate, calcium carbonate and lime, and the mixture ratio of the dry straw, the dry cow dung and the auxiliary materials is preferably 50% of the dry straw, 45% of the dry cow dung, 1% of the calcium superphosphate, 2% of the calcium carbonate and 2% of the lime; the preferred proportion of the flammulina velutipes mushroom residue, the dry cow dung, the dry straws, the gypsum and the lime is 30 percent of the flammulina velutipes mushroom residue, 29 percent of the dry cow dung, 39 percent of the dry straws, 1.0 percent of the gypsum and 1.0 percent of the lime; the edible/medicinal fungus is preferably agaricus bisporus.
The method for jointly treating the cattle manure energy in the large-scale cattle farm in a gradient manner has the advantages of long industrial chain and high economic benefit, enables the material circulation and the energy gradient utilization of the cattle breeding base, reduces the discharge of pollutants, realizes the maximum utilization of cattle manure resources, finally produces commercial products to enter the market through a series of resource conversion, and enables the economic benefit to be maximum, and meanwhile, the social benefit and the environmental protection benefit to be further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the combined treatment method for the energy cascade utilization of cow dung in a large-scale cow farm, wherein 1, 2 and 3 are a route I, a route II and a route III respectively.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 route one
Mixing fresh cow dung and rice straw according to the proportion of 60% fermented cow dung and 40% fermented rice straw (mass percentage), fermenting, adding 2 per mill of EM active microbial inoculum and 1% brown sugar of the total mass of the materials, and uniformly mixing. Covering the uniformly mixed materials with a film, under the anaerobic condition, when the temperature in the stack is reduced to 40 ℃, uncovering the film, turning the materials at the bottom to the upper part, and removing toxic gas after 2-3 days to obtain the base material for breeding the earthworms. Adjusting the pH value of the base material to be 6.5-7.5 by using acetic acid and quicklime water. In order to improve the growth amount of the bred earthworms, about 1 percent of nutrient substances (such as urea, saccharin and the like) are added into the base material, and the mixed base material is used for breeding the Daping No. 3 earthworms after being placed for 2 days.
Putting the young earthworms into a breeding box containing the base material, placing the breeding box in an earthworm breeding room, keeping the temperature at 22 ℃ and the water content of the base material at about 70 percent, and harvesting the earthworms after breeding for 45 days. In the earthworm cultivation process, each square meter is calculated according to the base material with the pile height of 30cm, 5.7 kg of pure cow dung can be consumed, 2.28 kg of wormcast is produced, and 0.15 kg of earthworms is produced.
The wormcast produced by the earthworms is a good substrate for sweet potato propagation. It has the following advantages: no virus is produced, and disinfection (through decomposition and earthworm abdication) is not needed in the first season; less fertilizer is applied, test-tube plantlets grow well, and the potato yield is high (the earthworm cast has comprehensive nutrition and high organic matter content, and particularly contains a large amount of enzymes and other earthworm metabolic active substances); the wormcast is loose and light in texture and is easy to plant and harvest. Calculated by 12800 square meters of the area of the sweet potato planting greenhouse, the wormcast needs 2560 cubic meters in 1 year, namely about 2000 tons, and more than 4000 tons of the cow dung can be solved. 1000 ten thousand sweet potatoes can be produced, and the output value is 300 ten thousand yuan (0.3 yuan per sweet potato). If 5000 ten thousand grains are popularized and produced, more than 20000 tons of cow dung can be solved.
Example 2 route two
50 tons of compost raw materials are selected, wherein the ratio of cow dung to rice husk powder is 30:8 (calculated by dry matter mass), and the rice husk powder is selected as an auxiliary material and is mainly used for adjusting the water content of the raw materials, so that the initial water content of the mixture reaches 70%, and the C/N is 30: l. At the moment, trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas are mixed according to the concentration ratio of 2:2:2:1 to prepare the compound microbial inoculum for primary fermentation, the compound microbial inoculum is added into the compost raw materials and uniformly mixed, the addition amount of the microbial inoculum is 3.0 thousandths of the compost raw materials, the compost is turned over once in 4 days, and the fermentation is carried out for 15 days.
The primary fermentation product is used as a raw material for secondary fermentation, functional microbial agents are prepared according to the concentration ratio of azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus of 1:1:1, the functional microbial agents are added into the raw material for secondary fermentation and mixed evenly, the addition amount of the microbial agents is 1 percent of that of the raw material for composting, and the raw material is spread until the thickness of the compost is 40 cm. Turning over once every day, controlling the temperature even if the temperature is kept at about 30 ℃ suitable for the growth and propagation of bacteria, so that the mass propagation of microorganisms is carried out for secondary fermentation, and the period is 5 days. Under the process conditions, namely the total period of primary fermentation and secondary fermentation is 20 days, the temperature rise speed is high, and the high-temperature maintenance time is long. After fermentation is finished, when the germination index of seeds of the fermented product is measured to be within the range of 80-85% and the C/N ratio is reduced to be below 20, the material is decomposed. The bio-organic fertilizer produced under the process condition has various indexes meeting the requirement of agricultural microbial agent standard (NY/T884-2004), can be used as a bio-organic fertilizer for planting crops such as sweet potatoes, the sweet potatoes are processed into pure natural sweet potato vermicelli after being harvested, and the vermicelli is packaged into bags and then enters the market.
Example 3 route three
Pretreatment: taking 50% of dry straw and 45% of dry cow dung as main materials, and 1% of calcium superphosphate, 2% of calcium carbonate and 2% of lime as auxiliary materials as raw materials of a culture material. Firstly, cutting straws into lengths of about 30cm, spraying or soaking the cut straws 1-2 days before stacking, fishing out the straws and stacking the straws into a large pile to ensure that the straws fully absorb water. And then uniformly mixing the cow dung and the auxiliary materials subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment by the filter press, adjusting the water content to be 60-65%, and performing prewetting and stacking. After pile building, during each pile turning, spraying and supplementing are carried out according to specific conditions so that the water content is maintained at 60-65%, and the pre-wetting and piling time is 2 days.
Stacking: the pre-piled straws and cow dung are piled up according to the width of 1.5m, the height of 1.5m and the length of 8.0m, one layer of straws and one layer of dung are piled up upwards, the thickness of the material layer generally requires the center height of 25cm, and the material layer of the laid material bed must be loose and cannot be pressed by vibration so as not to influence the air permeability. During accumulation, water is added layer by layer, and the water content of the standard culture material is that the culture material is grabbed by hand, and water drops are obviously splashed out between fingers. The top layer is covered with cow dung completely, such as compost piled outdoors, and covering materials such as straw mats are used for shading in sunny days so as to avoid wind blowing and sunshine, and plastic films are used for covering in cloudy days so as to prevent rainwater from permeating into the piles. When stacking, the shape of the stack is required to be noticed, the edges are as vertical as possible and are neat, namely, the width difference between the top and the bottom of the stack is not too large. Secondly, when the material temperature rises to the highest point and begins to fall, the pile is turned over in time, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the material on the periphery is turned to the middle part, the material on the lower part is turned to the upper part, and the pile is turned once every 4 days. The turning can improve the fermentation conditions of all parts of the material pile, emit waste gas, increase fresh air, adjust moisture and increase nutrients, so that the culture material can be fully converted and decomposed, and the continuous reproduction and continuous growth of microorganisms are promoted. In general, the compost can be decomposed after 3-4 times of turning, and the piling period needs 12-16 days.
Fermentation: the straw and cow dung culture material has the advantages that cow dung is added, heat is generated quickly, the temperature rise is high, the temperature change is gentle, the decomposition degree is good, the straw and cow dung culture material is dark brown in color when decomposed, is decomposed uniformly, has no dung odor, is moderate in moisture, is rich in elasticity, can be pinched by hand, can be stretched naturally after being loosened, has strong grass fragrance and a plurality of beneficial microorganism strains, and has the pH value of 7.5. At the moment, when the fermentation of the culture materials reaches the standard, the culture materials are transported into a mushroom house which is sterilized in advance, 30 percent of needle mushroom residues, 29 percent of dry cow dung, 39 percent of dry straw, 1.0 percent of gypsum and 1.0 percent of lime are added into the cow dung and straw culture materials, proper amount of water is added, the culture materials are uniformly mixed, and then a small amount of water drops can be generated by tightly holding the culture materials by hands, wherein the water drops are preferably 40kg/m2Carrying out secondary fermentation.
Sowing: heating the compost to 60-65 ℃ for 5-7 hours by using a heater to kill residual pests and harmful microorganisms in the compost, slightly ventilating to reduce the temperature of the compost to 50-52 ℃, and keeping for 4-7 days for after-fermentation to ensure that beneficial microorganisms are fermented(Actinomycetes) grow and reproduce sufficiently. And (3) cooling to 25-26 ℃ to sow agaricus bisporus strains, wherein the sowing density (the number of the strains are sown in unit area, and 500mL of strain bottles are used per square meter, and the number of the strain bottles is 1.5-2 bottles.) must be uniform, and the spawn running period is generally 18-22 days (at the moment, more than 2/3 of a material layer is fully covered with hypha), and the thickness of the peaty soil is 5 cm. After covering, lime clear water is used for adjusting the water content to 1-5% in time, the operation cannot be too urgent during water adjustment, atomization is good, after water is sprayed each time, water is sprayed again after the coarse soil absorbs water, and after water is sprayed for a plurality of times, the coarse soil particles are finally kneaded to be soft by hands, cannot be broken and have no white core, and the water content is 20-22%. Spraying water for 1 time every 2-3 days in sunny days, spraying no water or little water in rainy and humid days, enhancing ventilation in the morning and evening, and controlling the temperature of the mushroom house to be 15-20 ℃ as much as possible. The cultivation of the agaricus bisporus by using the straw and cow dung culture medium shows early fruiting, only 32 days are needed from sowing to bud development, and the yield is 16.32kg/m2The pure income reaches 106.58 yuan/m2The production-input ratio reaches 5.46, and the economic benefit is optimal. And finally, performing fruiting management and mushroom picking work. Meanwhile, the fertilizer produced by cultivating the agaricus bisporus is used for planting pasture, loosening pasture land soil and greatly improving the yield of the pasture.
Claims (2)
1. A joint disposal method for cascade utilization of cow dung energy in a large-scale cow farm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
route one includes the following steps: mixing fresh cow dung and rice straws according to a mass ratio of 6:4, adding EM active bacteria and brown sugar, fermenting under an anaerobic condition until the temperature in a stack is reduced to 40 ℃, turning the bottom material to the top, and removing toxic gas after 2-3 days to be used as a base material for breeding earthworms; adjusting the pH value of the base material to be kept at 6.5-7.5 by using acetic acid and quicklime water, adding nutrient substances into the base material, and standing the mixed base material for 2 days for feeding earthworms; putting the young earthworms into a culture box containing a culture medium, placing the box in an earthworm breeding room, keeping the temperature at 22 ℃ and the water content of the base material at 70%, and breeding for 45 days to obtain earthworms; the produced earthworms are divided into fresh earthworms or processed into fish feed to enter the market respectively, and the fresh earthworms are directly used for feeding poultry; directly using the wormcast as an organic fertilizer or further producing a biological organic bacterial fertilizer with pasture and straws for planting crops; the amount of the EM active bacteria is 2 per mill of the total mass of the materials; the amount of the brown sugar is 1 percent of the total mass of the materials; the amount of the nutrient substances is 1 percent of the mass of the base material;
route two includes the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of taking cow dung and rice hull powder as composting raw materials according to the mass ratio of dry materials of 30:8, adding a primary fermentation compound microbial agent prepared from trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas according to the concentration ratio of 2:2:2:1, fermenting for 15 days, adding a functional microbial agent prepared from azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the concentration ratio of 1:1:1, fermenting for the second time, and taking the composted materials as a bio-organic fertilizer for planting crops after the composted materials are thoroughly decomposed; the amount of the compound microbial agent for one-time fermentation is 3.0 per mill of the mass of the compost raw materials; the amount of the functional microbial agent is 1 percent of the mass of the compost raw materials;
route three includes the following steps: respectively pre-wetting and stacking dry straws, dry cow dung and auxiliary materials, then layering and stacking, and fermenting for 12-16 days; after the straw and cow dung culture material is thoroughly decomposed, adding needle mushroom fungus residue, dry cow dung, dry straw, gypsum and lime, adding a proper amount of water, heating to 60-65 ℃, keeping for 5-7 hours, cooling to 50-52 ℃, keeping for 4-7 days, and performing after-fermentation; the post-fermented culture material is used for cultivating edible/medicinal fungi; the waste materials generated by the cultivation fungi are used as organic fertilizers for planting crops; the auxiliary materials are calcium superphosphate, calcium carbonate and lime, and the proportion of the dry straw, the dry cow dung and the auxiliary materials is 50% of the dry straw, 45% of the dry cow dung, 1% of the calcium superphosphate, 2% of the calcium carbonate and 2% of the lime; the mixture ratio of the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs, the dry cow dung, the dry straws, the gypsum and the lime is 30 percent of the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs, 29 percent of the dry cow dung, 39 percent of the dry straws, 1.0 percent of the gypsum and 1.0 percent of the lime; the edible/medicinal fungus is Agaricus bisporus.
2. The large-scale cattle farm cattle manure energy cascade utilization combined treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the crops are pasture or sweet potatoes; the sweet potatoes are harvested and processed into pure natural sweet potato vermicelli.
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| CN105801187B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-07-16 | 华中农业大学 | Cow dung integrated treatment based on Vermicomposting and vegetable cultivation utilizes method |
| CN105949006A (en) * | 2016-06-04 | 2016-09-21 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Compound fertilizer taking cow dung as main material and production method |
| CN108925433A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2018-12-04 | 天津嘉立荷畜牧有限公司 | A kind of cow dung energy processing method |
| CN111955413A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2020-11-20 | 钟祥市绿邦种植专业合作社 | Full-industrial-chain green ecological cycle pollution-free seed culture method |
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| CN117142886A (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-12-01 | 山东辰昕生物科技有限公司 | Earthworm belly-passing decomposition high-efficiency production and preparation process of bio-organic fertilizer |
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