CN104206286A - Cow dung energy gradient utilization combined disposal method for large-scale cattle farm - Google Patents
Cow dung energy gradient utilization combined disposal method for large-scale cattle farm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cow dung energy gradient utilization combined disposal method for a large-scale cattle farm. The method is divided into a route I, a route II and a route III. The route I comprises the following steps: fresh cow dung and rice straws are used as raw materials and are fermented; a fermentation product is used for feeding earthworms; the earthworms are collected and are used for feeding poultry or are processed into fish feed; earthworm dung is used for planting crops. The route II comprises the following steps: the cow dung and rice hull powder are used as composting raw materials; after a compound microbial agent is fermented for the first time, a functional microbial agent is added and is used for carrying out fermentation for the second time; the raw materials are composted and decayed and then are used for planting the crops. The route III comprises the following steps: dried straws, dried cow dung and auxiliary materials are respectively pre-wetted and stacked, and then are be subjected to pre-fermentation after being stacked for layers; then flammulina velutipes mushroom dreg, the dried cow dung, the dried straws, gypsum, lime and water are added and then are subjected to post-fermentation; the culturing materials which are subjected to the post-fermentation are used for cultivating edible/medical mushrooms, and generated waste materials are used for planting the crops. The cow dung energy gradient utilization combined disposal method has a long industrial chain and high economic benefits; the gradient utilization of cow dung energy is realized, the emission of pollutants is reduced, and the economic benefits are maximized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the utilization of cow dung, be specifically related to a kind of scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy associating method of disposal.
Background technology
Along with the raising of people's living standard, the change of dietary structure, the ratio of consumption figure in people's food consumption of animal product increases gradually, has driven the development of aquaculture accordingly.Feces of livestock and poultry mainly concentrates on the centralization-breeding factory of big or middle city suburbs to the pollution of environment; the province that State Environmental Protection Administration concentrates nationwide scaleization cultivation, city's investigation display; China's fowl and animal excrement year quantum of output more than 4,000,000,000 tons, be more than 20 times of industrial solid castoff annual emissions.The COD content of feces of livestock and poultry considerably beyond industrial wastewater and discharging life water amount sum, meanwhile, due to a large amount of discharges that are extensive, intensive cultivation industry fowl and animal excrement, its major pollutants COD, BOD, NH
4-N, TP, TN become the primary pollution source of soil, water body, jeopardize human health.The cow dung processing method of current domestic appearance has burning method, dries expanded method, the processing method such as biogas method, composting process, be feasible under certain condition, but various method has certain limitation.Lower animal facture has unique advantage, especially in dealing with earthworm feces of livestock and poultry in process organic waste.Dealing with earthworm feces of livestock and poultry is an ancient and new biotechnology, this technical matters is energy-efficient, low cost, high-quality fertilizer and high-protein feed can be obtained, do not produce secondary refuse, can not secondary environmental pollution be formed, not only can obtain environmental benefit, also can obtain certain economic benefit.But for domestic some cow dung disposal technology schemes proposed at present, if a kind of common pattern is milk cow earthworm vegetables patterns: raising dairy cattle-vermiculture-greengrocery cultivation (that is: the special greengrocery cultivation of cow dung-wormcast-name) ecological use pattern.Its energy cascade is shorter, and cow dung resource can not be made full use of, thus still will cause environmental pollution: secondly, industrial chain is shorter, energy cascade terminal economic benefit is not high, thus cow dung resource disposal can not be made to reach maximization of economic benefit, and environmental benefit maximizes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art and deficiency, provide a kind of scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy to combine method of disposal.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy associating method of disposal, is divided into route one, route two or route three; Wherein,
Route one comprise the steps: fresh cow dung and rice straw in mass ratio 6:4 ratio mix, add EM active bacteria and brown sugar again when under anaerobic fermenting that temperature drops to 40 DEG C to heap, above being translated into by bottoms material, after 2 ~ 3 days, get rid of the base-material as breeding earthworm after toxic gas.Regulate the pH value of base-material to maintain 6.5 ~ 7.5 with acetic acid and lime water, then in base-material, add nutriment (as urea, asccharin etc.), for raising earthworm after the base-material mixed places 2 days.Young earthworm is thrown in the breeding box holding medium, places earthworm breeding indoor, keep the moisture content about 70% of temperature 22 DEG C and base-material, cultivate after 45 days, can earthworm be gathered in the crops.The earthworm produced is divided into fresh earthworm or is processed into fish meal etc. and comes into the market respectively, and fresh earthworm can directly keep fowls (can break into as required slurry with other material with the use of).Wormcast is directly used for long-term cropping with azotobacter, Phosphate-dissolving Microorganisms in Plant Rhizosphere, soil potassium solubilizing bacteria fermenting and producing consumption is few, effect is high biological organic fungi-manure further as fertilizer or with herbage, stalk.
Route two comprise the steps: cow dung with powdered rice hulls by dry biomass than 30:8 proportioning as composting material, add by Trichoderma viride: aspergillus oryzae: bacillus subtilis: after pseudomonad carries out fermentation in 15 days by the one time fermentation complex micro organism fungicide that concentration ratio is 2:2:2:1 preparation, add again by azotobacter chroococcum: Bacillus megaterium: gel-shaped bud pole bacterium is that 1:1:1 function equipment microbial bacterial agent carries out secondary fermentation by concentration ratio, after compost maturity, namely can be used as biological organic fertilizer for long-term cropping.
After route three comprises the steps: dry rice straw, dry cow dung and auxiliary material to prewet respectively and piles up, layering is banked up primary fermentation 12 ~ 16 days.Add needle mushroom dreg, dry cow dung, dry rice straw, gypsum, lime after straw cow dung composts or fertilisers of cultivating becomes thoroughly decomposed, then add suitable quantity of water, be warming up to 60 ~ 65 DEG C and keep 5 ~ 7 hours; Be cooled to 50 ~ 52 DEG C of maintenances again and carry out after fermentation in 4 ~ 7 days.The composts or fertilisers of cultivating of after fermentation is for cultivating edible/medical fungus.The waste material that cultivation mushroom produces is used for long-term cropping as fertilizer.
Crop in above-mentioned route is preferably herbage or Ipomoea batatas, thus greatly improves crop yield; Sweet potato harvesting aft-loaded airfoil becomes pure natural sweet potato vermicelli.
In route one: the amount of described EM active bacteria is preferably 2 ‰ of material (fresh cow dung and rice straw) gross mass; The amount of described brown sugar is preferably 1% of material (fresh cow dung and rice straw) gross mass; The amount of described nutriment is preferably 1% of base-material quality.
In route two: the amount of described one time fermentation complex micro organism fungicide is preferably 3.0 ‰ of composting material quality; The amount of described functional microbial microbial inoculum is preferably 1% of composting material quality.
In route three: described auxiliary material is preferably superphosphate, calcium carbonate and lime, the proportioning of dry rice straw, dry cow dung and auxiliary material is preferably dry rice straw 50%, dry cow dung 45%, superphosphate 1%, calcium carbonate 2%, lime 2%; The proportioning of needle mushroom dreg, dry cow dung, dry rice straw, gypsum, lime is preferably needle mushroom dreg 30%, dry cow dung 29%, dry rice straw 39%, gypsum 1.0%, lime 1.0%; Described edible/medical fungus is preferably agaricus bisporus.
The present invention scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy associating method of disposal; industry chain length; high financial profit, makes the material recycle in steer ration base, cascaded utilization of energy, and reduces the discharge of pollutant; and realize cow dung resource and reach maximum utilizationization; through a series of resource conversion, final production goes out commercial product and comes into the market, and makes its economic benefit reach maximum; social benefit simultaneously, environmental benefit is also further improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy of the present invention associating method of disposal, wherein 1,2,3 is respectively route one, route two and route three.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further detailed description is done to the present invention.Should be understood that the following examples are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 route one
Fresh cow dung and rice straw to ferment the mixed culture fermentation of rice straw (mass percent) ratio in 60% cow dung and 40% of fermenting, and the active microbial inoculum of the EM of the gross mass 2 ‰ that adds materials and 1% brown sugar, mix.The material plastic film covering of mixing, under anaerobic, when temperature drops to 40 DEG C in piling, opens film, above being translated into by bottoms material, gets rid of the base-material that namely toxic gas can be used as breeding earthworm after 2 ~ 3 days.The pH value of base-material is regulated to maintain 6.5 ~ 7.5 with acetic acid and lime water.For improving the amount of growth of breeding earthworm, in base-material, also add the nutriment (as urea, asccharin etc.) of about 1%, for raising large flat No. 3 earthworms after the base-material mixed places 2 days.
Young earthworm is thrown in the breeding box holding base-material, places earthworm breeding indoor, keep the moisture content about 70% of temperature 22 DEG C and base-material, cultivate and can gather in the crops earthworm after 45 days.In vermiculture process, every square metre of base-material according to high 30 centimetres of heap calculates, and every meter squared per day can consume pure cow dung 5.7 kilograms, produces wormcast 2.28 kilograms, produces earthworm 0.15 kilogram.
The wormcast that earthworm produces is the good matrix of Ipomoea batatas breeding.Its tool has the following advantages: be not with virus, does not need sterilization (process is become thoroughly decomposed and earthworm crosses abdomen) first season; Fertilising is few, and test-tube plantlet growing way is good, knot potato rate high (wormcast kind comprehensive nutrition, the content of organic matter is high, special in a large amount of enzyme and other earthworm metabolic active substances); Because wormcast quality is loose, light, be easy to plant and gather in the crops.With Ipomoea batatas planting greenhouse area 12800 square metres calculating, 1 year needs wormcast 2560 cubic metres namely about 2000 tons, can solve cow dung more than 4000 tons.1,000 ten thousand, Ipomoea batatas can be produced, the output value 3,000,000 yuan (0.3 yuan/, Ipomoea batatas).If promote production 5,000 ten thousand, cow dung more than 20000 tons can be solved.
Embodiment 2 route two
Select the composting material of 50 tons, wherein the ratio of cow dung and powdered rice hulls is 30:8 (in dry biomass), selects powdered rice hulls as auxiliary material, and be mainly used for the moisture content of reconciling raw material, making the initial water content of mixture reach 70%, C/N is 30:l.Now by Trichoderma viride: aspergillus oryzae: bacillus subtilis: pseudomonad is that 2:2:2:1 is mixed and made into one time fermentation complex micro organism fungicide by concentration ratio, be added in composting material and mixed, microbial inoculum addition is 3.0 ‰ of composting material, and turning in 4 days once, is fermented 15 days.
One time fermentation product is as the raw material of secondary fermentation, by azotobacter chroococcum: Bacillus megaterium: gel-shaped bud pole bacterium is that the concentration ratio of 1:1:1 makes functional microbial agent, be added in the raw material of secondary fermentation and mixed, microbial inoculum addition is 1% of composting material, spread out to windrow thickness be 40cm.Once, even if control temperature temperature remains on appropriate bacterial growth and breeding about 30 DEG C, make microorganism amount reproduction carry out secondary fermentation, the cycle is 5 days in turning every day.Under these process conditions, namely one time fermentation and secondary fermentation total cycle are 20 days, and programming rate is fast, and high temperature is held time length.After fermentation ends, the seed germination index measuring fermented product, in 80 ~ 85% scopes and when C/N ratio drops to below 20, represents that material becomes thoroughly decomposed.Namely the biological organic fertilizer produced under these process conditions, indices all reaches agricultural microbial agent standard (NY/T884-2004) requirement, can be used as biological organic fertilizer for planting the crops such as Ipomoea batatas, sweet potato harvesting aft-loaded airfoil becomes pure natural sweet potato vermicelli, comes into the market after being packaged into bag.
Embodiment 3 route three
Pretreatment: the dry rice straw with 50%, 45% dry cow dung be major ingredient, the superphosphate of 1%, the calcium carbonate of 2%, 2% lime be the raw material of auxiliary material as composts or fertilisers of cultivating.First straw is cut into the length of about 30cm, before windrow 1 ~ 2 day, the straw trickle cut or immersion, will picks up and pile raft, allow it fully absorb water.Then the cow dung after the process of filter press Separation of Solid and Liquid and auxiliary material, after mixing, regulate moisture content to be 60 ~ 65%, carry out accumulation of prewetting.After building heap, when turning each time, then carry out spray as the case may be and supplement that moisture content is maintained is 60 ~ 65%, the accumulation time of prewetting is 2 days.
Bank up: the straw through piling in advance, cow dung, pile base by wide 1.5m, high 1.5m, long 8.0m, one deck grass, one deck excrement are upwards piled up, the thickness General Requirements centre-height 25cm of the bed of material, the material bed bed of material completed must be loose, can not jolt-squeeze in order to avoid affect air capacity of soils.Successively add water during accumulation, the water content of the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of standard, for grab a composts or fertilisers of cultivating with strength with hand, is obviously dripped between referring to and is spilt.Topmost one deck covers with cow dung comprehensively, and as the composts or fertilisers of cultivating at outdoor composting, the coverings such as fine day straw mat shelter from heat or light, in order to avoid expose to the weather, the cloudy day will have plastic foil to cover, and prevents rainwater from infiltrating in heap.Will note the shape of piling during heap, edge is as far as possible vertical, and neatly, namely heap top is not too large with the different widths at the heap end.Secondly, when material temperature rises to peak and starts to decline, timely turning, specific practice is: the material of periphery is translated into middle part, top translated into by the material of bottom, every turning in about 4 days once.Turning can improve stockpile each position fermentation condition, distributes waste gas, increases fresh air, regulates moisture, increases nutrient, makes composts or fertilisers of cultivating fully be transformed Sum decomposition, promotes continuous breeding and the continued growth of microorganism.Generally, after 3 ~ 4 turnings, compost can become thoroughly decomposed, and the heap phase needs 12 ~ 16 days.
Fermentation: straw cow dung composts or fertilisers of cultivating is because adding cow dung, and heat production is fast, heats up high, variations in temperature is milder, rotten degree is good, and when straw, cow dung composts or fertilisers of cultivating become thoroughly decomposed, color is dark brown, becomes thoroughly decomposed evenly, without excrement stink, moisture is moderate, and high resilience hand is pinched, and naturally stretches after loosing one's grip, there are strong hay-scented taste and many beneficial microbial colonies, pH7.5.Now namely after Compost fermentation reaches standard, transport in prior sterile mushroom room, needle mushroom dreg 30%, dry cow dung 29%, dry rice straw 39%, gypsum 1.0%, lime 1.0% is added at cow dung Straw substrate, water mixes in right amount and namely can go out a small amount of water droplet be advisable, by 40kg/m with hand-tight composts or fertilisers of cultivating of holding
2carry out secondary fermentation.
Sowing: adopt heating installation that compost temperature is risen to 60 ~ 65 DEG C, keep 5 ~ 7 hours, to kill insect remaining in compost and harmful microorganism, then ventilate a little and heap temperature drop is low to moderate 50 ~ 52 DEG C, keep carrying out after fermentation in 4 ~ 7 days, make beneficial microbe (actinomycetes) fully growth and breeding.Temperature is down to 25 ~ 26 DEG C again and is carried out sowing agaricus bisporus bacterial classification, and (unit are broadcasts sowing bacterial classification grain number to thickness of sowing, and every square meter uses 1.5 ~ 2 bottles, 500mL bacterium liquid bottle.) must be even, bacteria developing period is generally 18 ~ 22 days, and (now more than 2/3 of the bed of material is covered with mycelia) to cover turfy soil 5cm thick.Lime clear water water transfer (1 ~ 5%) should be used in time after covering, can not act with undue haste during water transfer, atomization will be got well, and sprays water after each water spray after thick soil absorbs moisture again, finally make thick grogs hand pinch through to spray water several times to feel like jelly not broken without the white heart, water content is 20 ~ 22%.Fine day is sprayed water 1 time for dry every 2 ~ 3 days, and overcast and rainy wet weather can not spray or few spray, strengthens ventilation sooner or later simultaneously, mushroom room temperature is controlled at 15 ~ 20 DEG C as far as possible.Early, only need 32 days from sowing to aobvious flower bud, output is 16.32kg/m to straw cow dung composts or fertilisers of cultivating cultivating bisporous mushroom performance fruiting
2, net income reaches 106.58 yuan/m
2, produce and throw than reaching 5.46, economic benefit is best.Finally carry out management of producing mushroom and adopt mushroom work.The fertilizer that cultivating bisporous mushroom produces simultaneously is used for planting forage grass, and loose grassplot soil property, increases substantially forage yield.
Claims (5)
1. a scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy associating method of disposal, is characterized in that: be divided into route one, route two or route three; Wherein,
Route one comprise the steps: fresh cow dung and rice straw in mass ratio 6:4 ratio mix, add EM active bacteria and brown sugar again when under anaerobic fermenting that temperature drops to 40 DEG C to heap, above being translated into by bottoms material, after 2 ~ 3 days, get rid of the base-material as breeding earthworm after toxic gas; Regulate the pH value of base-material to maintain 6.5 ~ 7.5 with acetic acid and lime water, then in base-material, add nutriment, for raising earthworm after the base-material mixed places 2 days; Young earthworm is thrown in the breeding box holding medium, places earthworm breeding indoor, keep the moisture content 70% of temperature 22 DEG C and base-material, cultivate after 45 days, can earthworm be gathered in the crops; The earthworm produced is divided into fresh earthworm or is processed into fish meal and comes into the market respectively, and fresh earthworm can directly keep fowls; Wormcast directly produces biological organic fungi-manure for long-term cropping further as fertilizer or with herbage, stalk;
Route two comprise the steps: cow dung with powdered rice hulls by dry biomass than 30:8 proportioning as composting material, add by Trichoderma viride: aspergillus oryzae: bacillus subtilis: after pseudomonad carries out fermentation in 15 days by the one time fermentation complex micro organism fungicide that concentration ratio is 2:2:2:1 preparation, add again by azotobacter chroococcum: Bacillus megaterium: gel-shaped bud pole bacterium is that 1:1:1 function equipment microbial bacterial agent carries out secondary fermentation by concentration ratio, after compost maturity, namely can be used as biological organic fertilizer for long-term cropping;
After route three comprises the steps: dry rice straw, dry cow dung and auxiliary material to prewet respectively and piles up, layering is banked up primary fermentation 12 ~ 16 days; Add needle mushroom dreg, dry cow dung, dry rice straw, gypsum, lime after straw cow dung composts or fertilisers of cultivating becomes thoroughly decomposed, then add suitable quantity of water, be warming up to 60 ~ 65 DEG C and keep 5 ~ 7 hours, then be cooled to 50 ~ 52 DEG C of maintenances and carry out after fermentation in 4 ~ 7 days; The composts or fertilisers of cultivating of after fermentation is for cultivating edible/medical fungus; The waste material that cultivation mushroom produces is used for long-term cropping as fertilizer.
2. scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy associating method of disposal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described crop is herbage or Ipomoea batatas; Sweet potato harvesting aft-loaded airfoil becomes pure natural sweet potato vermicelli.
3. scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy associating method of disposal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in route one: the amount of described EM active bacteria is 2 ‰ of material gross mass; The amount of described brown sugar is 1% of material gross mass; The amount of described nutriment is 1% of base-material quality.
4. scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy associating method of disposal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in route two: the amount of described one time fermentation complex micro organism fungicide is 3.0 ‰ of composting material quality; The amount of described functional microbial microbial inoculum is 1% of composting material quality.
5. scaled cattle farms cow dung cascaded utilization of energy associating method of disposal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in route three: described auxiliary material is superphosphate, calcium carbonate and lime, the proportioning of dry rice straw, dry cow dung and auxiliary material is dry rice straw 50%, dry cow dung 45%, superphosphate 1%, calcium carbonate 2%, lime 2%; The proportioning of needle mushroom dreg, dry cow dung, dry rice straw, gypsum, lime is needle mushroom dreg 30%, dry cow dung 29%, dry rice straw 39%, gypsum 1.0%, lime 1.0%; Described edible/medical fungus is agaricus bisporus.
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| CN111955413A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2020-11-20 | 钟祥市绿邦种植专业合作社 | Full-industrial-chain green ecological cycle pollution-free seed culture method |
| CN114766429A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-22 | 王素可 | Ecological recyclable chicken raising method |
| CN114766429B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-04-28 | 兴业县裕辉养殖有限公司 | Ecological and recyclable chicken raising method |
| CN117142886A (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-12-01 | 山东辰昕生物科技有限公司 | Earthworm belly-passing decomposition high-efficiency production and preparation process of bio-organic fertilizer |
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