CN102875243B - Composite rice seedling cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite rice seedling cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite rice seedling cultivation matrix and a preparation method of the matrix. The composite rice seedling cultivation matrix comprises the following components by weight: 60% of earthworm cast, 30% of vermiculite and 10% of nutrient soil by volume percent, wherein per cubic meter of matrix contains 7.5kg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. According to the invention, preparation method is simple, resource is rich and cost of materials is low, wastes are changed into valuable, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the seedling cultivation matrix is enough in nutrient and stable in properties. After the matrix is used for seedling cultivation, the operation is simple and convenient, and the labor intensity is lightened; furthermore, the rice seedlings are good in quality and high in percentage establishment of seedling. The matrix disclosed by the invention promotes the industrial development of rice transplanting of a rice transplanter, and is more beneficial to building ecological villages and towns and new villages.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of organic composition and preparation thereof of rice nursery substrate, belong to solid organic castoff biologically digesting and application technology as the second resource field.
Background technology
Substrate culture refers in certain place or container by the fixing root system of plant absorb nutritive medium and the plant cultivation method of oxygen of matrix.According to statistics, 90% soilless culture form is all substrate culture in the world.Soilless culture substrate is that the growth medium of the stable water of coordinating, gas, fertile structure can be provided for plant, it is except supporting, fixedly plant, the more important thing is the carrier that serves as nutrient and moisture, make to be able to transfer from nutrient and the moisture of nutritive medium, root system of plant is therefrom selected to absorb as required.
Seedling medium is in matrix, to be exclusively used in the matrix of growing seedlings.Can matrix continue to provide nutrient to guarantee that seedling need to be the key of cultivating strong sprout in the absorption of whole breeding time.Along with improving constantly of the level of growing seedlings and requirement, the quality requirements of seedling medium is also being improved constantly.But because the reason of the aspects such as manpower and funds, current seedling medium all trends towards broad spectrum type, for the physilogical characteristics of different plants and to the requirement of matrix, design the research of special seedling medium and achievement exploitation relatively seldom, especially aspect rice mechanization industrial seedling rearing matrix.
1, the development bottleneck of conventional traditional matrix
At present the most frequently used cultivation matrix is mainly the inorganic matrixes such as vermiculite and rock wool, and the organic substrate such as peat (claiming again the peat composed of rotten mosses).The high water retention property of expanded vermiculite and sheet structure make it have the ability that the air that makes in matrix and moisture reach balance coordination, play and fixingly support plant, supply the multiple effects such as a small amount of mineral nutrient, fertilizer conservation, water conservation and improvement matrix physical behavior.Many cavities of its particle surface, for keeping moisture and nutritive ingredient that huge surface-area is provided, also provide the suitable drain and the aeration condition that are very applicable to simultaneously.Rock wool is the cultivation matrix of many national widespread uses in the world today, has formed a set of complete utilisation technology system.Peat is because fibre content is abundant, and loose porous, ventilating permeable is good, specific surface area is large, and absorption sequestering power is strong, has stronger ion-exchange and salt balance controllability, have again the performance that strengthens plant drought, disease-resistant, anti-low temperature, anti-salt marsh concurrently, be widely used especially.These matrix can be used separately, also can mix and use according to certain ratio.
Although above matrix has many advantages, but there is its shortcoming separately.As Soilless culture need add nutritive medium, and peat is the non-renewable resource of limited amount and short-term etc.And because these matrix itself all can not provide rice growth required various nutritive substances, no matter be to use separately or several collocation use, all need extra nutritive substance to supplement.This can cause a lot of environmental problems, and has also increased greatly rice mechanization rice transplanting grow seedlings difficulty and the cost of work.
In addition, since the later stage eighties in last century, American-European countries has issued and implemented relevant environmental regulation in succession, as forbids the discharge of nutritive medium in order to avoid impurely descend or earth surface water source, forbid the exploitation of peat resource etc., this impels soilless culture progressively to environment-friendly type, economical, poly-talented direction, to change.
2, the present Research of Novel seedling raising matrix
Based on the above inherent shortcoming and defect of various traditional seedling mediums, various organic seedling raising matrixes arise at the historic moment, organic substrate both referred to and did not also use traditional nutrition liquid irrigation root system of plant without natural soil, but the organic solid-state matrix that adopts the method and approaches such as long-pending system and sterilization that ferment through becoming thoroughly decomposed such as various organic wastes to produce.The organic substrate product amount of domestic contrast maturation is also few, mainly contains coconut fibre, bark, bagasse, rice husk, saw dust, reed, stalk.
Other organic substrate: mainly come from various organic solid castoffs, comprise agriculture and industry waste and municipal wastes.As mud and garbage compost can part replacement peat, Wastage of food industry trester, apple residue etc. are abroad for cultivations of plants such as skunk bush.In addition, the waste residue of Chinese medicine slag, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, coffee processing has report to be applied to soilless culture.Conventionally these organic substrates are all to mix by a certain percentage use with other organic substrate such as the inorganic matrix such as vermiculite or peat just can obtain good effect.
Be directed to specially in the market the research of rice nursery substrate still in the fragmentary stage, and about rice nursery substrate research and development achievement seldom.The development of transplanting has now become the gesture that a single spark can start a prairie fire, and promoting transplanting is the developing direction of current Rice Production.Adopting the special-purpose seedling raising ground substance seedling of paddy rice, is a new way exploring in recent years machine transplanting of rice seedling.Machine-transplanted rice is had relatively high expectations to seedling quality, bring into play machine transplanting of rice advantage, makes rice high yield stable yields, must cultivate and meet the strong seedling of machine transplanting of rice required standard.Although at present production has occurred planting the technology such as the floppy disk seedling that seedling matches, two film seedling with machinery, seedling medium remains take Nutrition Soil as main.Although adopt Nutrition Soil seedling cost lower, but need to take a large amount of soil away as Nutrition Soil from large Tanaka during seedling, this will take away a large amount of mellow soil layer soil, if fetch earth operation for years, mellow soil layer in soil will be more and more thinner, and whole fetch earth and the preparation process of Nutrition Soil in need a large amount of labor forces, adding rural laborer shifts in a large number, agricultural workforce's quality generally declines, and rural laborer's price is generally higher, while causing seedling, recruitment famine and recruitment cost constantly increase.In addition, the fostering and apply fertilizer and prepare the requirement that does not usually reach strong seedling of Nutrition Soil, and have seedling, play that seedling recruitment is many, complex procedures, occupy cultivated land and the series of problems such as seedling piece is heavy, mechanical work is loaded and loss is large.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly unstable for above-mentioned existing seedling medium character, the defect such as need supplement the nutrients, relative merits in conjunction with seedling cultivation of rice feature and various raw materials, provide a kind of Nonrenewable resources such as peat of avoiding to use, improve nutrient content, utilize the rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof of the stable in properties of organic waste exploitation, use after this seedling medium and can cultivate well developed root system, seedling stem is sturdy, transplanting survival rate is high, strong adaptability and the high rice seedling of index in strong sprout.
Composite rice seedling matrix of the present invention, comprise the matrix being formed by earthworm excrement, vermiculite and Nutrition Soil, the volume percent of wherein said earthworm excrement, vermiculite, Nutrition Soil is: earthworm excrement 60%, vermiculite 30%, Nutrition Soil 10%, contain iron vitriol 7.5kg in every cube of matrix.
The preparation method of above-mentioned rice nursery substrate, comprises the steps:
1) by volume percent, be: earthworm excrement 60%, vermiculite 30% and Nutrition Soil 10%, fully mix and make just rice nursery substrate processed.
2) during seedling, then add 7.5kg/m
3the iron vitriol (volume is ignored) of left and right, now mixes existing use.
Described earthworm excrement can obtain by following: using feces of livestock and poultry (cow dung) as earthworm foodstuff, the environment of suitable earthworm growth is provided, the earthworm excrement fragmentation producing is screened into the earthworm excrement of 1-4mm particle diameter through dealing with earthworm; Earthworm excrement comes from Jiangsu Province agro-environment safety technical service center organic solid waste biologically digesting base, by " flat No. two greatly " earthworm, clears up cow dung obtaining.In earthworm excrement, contain and separate alkali nitrogen 911.3mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 412.0mg/kg, available potassium 3798.3mg/kg, organic 396.4g/kg, humic acid 155g/kg, while using, earthworm excrement water content is 168g/kg.
The particle diameter of described vermiculite, Nutrition Soil and iron vitriol is 3-5 ㎜;
Said Nutrition Soil in the present invention, also referred to as vegetable garden soil or vegetable garden fine earth, just refers to that the soil of fostering and apply fertilizer in locality process is just passable, as the soil fetching earth after sieving from planting the field of vegetables.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. available resources are abundant, and materials are cheap.In China's economic society high speed development, livestock and poultry breeding industry is fast development also, and cultivation scale is increasing, progressively develops into an independently industry.Along with livestock and poultry breeding industry is intensive, the fast development of mass-producing, batch production, the generation of livestock and poultry breeding industry ight soil waste also sharply increases, and has become the main production source of China's agricultural organic solid castoff at present.Utilize feces of livestock and poultry to produce rice seedlings cultivating matrix, available resources are very abundant, and materials price is also very cheap.
2. turn waste into wealth, reduce environmental pollution.The height that livestock and poultry cultivation is produced is intensive, the ability that makes the generation of feces of livestock and poultry substantially exceed dissolving, processing of its surrounding environment and rationally use.Feces of livestock and poultry contains a large amount of not organism, inorganics, pathogeny and the harmful organisms etc. of digested absorption, can cause many-sided combined pollutions such as atmosphere, water body, soil, biology.Up to now, in the unprocessed direct discharge mostly of China's vast Rural areas feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural environment and ecological safety have been brought to great threat.Innoxious, the recycling treatment of feces of livestock and poultry become the hot issue of current solution widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.Adopt feces of livestock and poultry to produce cultivation matrix, not only solved the problem of environmental pollution of agricultural solid residue, and turned waste into wealth completely, effectively utilize waste and create economic benefit and social benefit.
3. nutrient is sufficient, stable in properties.Earthworm, by the decomposition and inversion to organic substance, promotes the Nutrient Cyclings such as C, N, P, increases organic materials nutrient supply and by the improvement of its structure, coordination, makes earthworm fecal energy meet better the various requirement of plant-growth.The multiple enzymes such as earthworm digestive tube can extracellular proteinase, lipase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase, these enzymes have stronger biocatalysis to the decomposition of most organic wastes.Wormcast is a kind of black, homogeneous, have the class material in small, broken bits of nature Earthy Taste, there is good permeability, air permeability, drainage and high water holding capacity, wormcast has very large surface-area, make many beneficial microorganism existences and have good absorption and keep the ability of nutritive substance, early stage research shows to be rich in wormcast various plants hormone.Wormcast is rich in humic acid material simultaneously, and humic acid can affect plant nutrition absorption and protein synthesis.The preserve moisture and fertility ability of soil is increased substantially.
Using feces of livestock and poultry as earthworm foodstuff, using earthworm excrement as the main raw material of matrix, then make Novel rice seedling raising ground substance with addition of vermiculite, Nutrition Soil and iron vitriol.This matrix nutrition composition is abundant, stable in properties, and organic content is high, makes can obtain sufficient nutrition supply between the whole nursery stage of paddy rice.The rice seedlings that utilizes this Novel rice seeding matrix to bring out, well developed root system, seedling stem is sturdy, and after transplanting, surviving rate is high, strong adaptability, robust growth.
4. matrix composition is simplified, and unit weight is lighter, is easy to industrialized development.Because matrix unit weight is lighter, be convenient to transportation, little to rice transplanting mechanical load, thereby mechanical wear is light, the speed of planting is fast, and the rice field rate of being short of seedling is low.This formula has been simplified the process of matrix composition, reduces fertilising and waits the step of growing seedlings, and has reduced cost.Be convenient to batch production, specialized seedling, promote the industrialized development of rice machine rice transplanting, advance ecological villages and small towns and new countryside construction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The impact of the composite interstitial substance of the different iron levels of Fig. 1 on rice shoot root/shoot ratio.
The impact of the composite interstitial substance of the different iron levels of Fig. 2 on rice shoot index in strong sprout.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
By each component by volume per-cent be: earthworm excrement 60%, vermiculite 30% and Nutrition Soil 10% fully mix makes just type rice nursery substrate processed, adds 7.5kg/m during use again
3iron vitriol (volume is ignored), now mixes existing use.
1, test materials
Test in Agricultural College Affiliated to Yangzhou Univ.'s experiment agriculture and animal husbandry field in 2012 and carry out.For examination rice varieties, be Huaihe River rice No. 5.Earthworm excrement: come from the discarded biologically digesting of Jiangsu Province agro-environment safety technical service center organic solid base, clear up cow dung obtaining by " flat No. two greatly " earthworm.In earthworm excrement, contain and separate alkali nitrogen 911.3mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 412.0mg/kg, available potassium 3798.3mg/kg, organic 396.4g/kg and humic acid 155g/kg, particle diameter 1-4mm.Vermiculite: come from Zhenjiang Pei Lei fertilizer company limited, Nutrition Soil in embodiment: coming from ground, stubble vegetable garden before Yangzhou University's agriculture and animal husbandry field, is the fine earth that the fragmentation of fetching earth is sieved, and the particle diameter of vermiculite and Nutrition Soil is 3-5 ㎜.Iron vitriol is that Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group produces.Contrast (CK) matrix is (commercially available) of the development of changzhou city Ke Li agricultural resource company limited.Seedling dish is plastics hard disk, and specification is 3 centimetres of 28 cm x 58 cm x, bottom flat, hole rare (bottom outlet number 70 ~ 80,2 ~ 3 millimeters, aperture).
2, test design
2.1 substrate compositions are processed: by volume ratio, be respectively earthworm excrement 60%, vermiculite 30% and Nutrition Soil 10% and be mixed with just rice seedling raising ground substance processed, then the iron vitriol of different mass is added in each processing of design.Every processing repeats 3 times.Specific design is composed as follows:
The concrete material of composite interstitial substance of the different iron levels of table 1 forms
According to the specification of long 58 centimetres, wide 28 centimetres and high 3 centimetres of hard plastic dish, calculate and mould dish and can fill the about 4000cm of matrix volume
3thereby, to extrapolate every cube of matrix and need add how many iron vitriols, details are as table 2:
In table 2. matrix, add iron vitriol particular sheet
2.2 seed treatment: get No. 5 seed rice of Huaihe River rice ready according to the seed of every mu of land for growing field crops 3.5～4kg, raise before seed soaking and shine 1-2 days; With after salt (proportion 1.08～1.12) seed selection, with clear water, eluriate clean; Medicament seed soaking, no longer eluriates with clear water after seed soaking, directly vernalization, and broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
2.3 sowings and management: after planting, in conjunction with water spray, with 1000 times, stand the withered matrix sterilization of only carrying out, then cover with the composite interstitial substance of mixing thoroughly, not reveal seed, be advisable.On seedling plate, dish is moulded in tiling, in order to make full use of seedling plate and to be convenient to seedling, moulds dish horizontally-arranged two row for every, and tiling, closely comes into line successively, tries to get to the heart of a matter and fits tightly with bed surface.Completing after dish, be plugged bamboo bow, build plastic sheeting for farm use, after 1 week, take off film, then use sunshade net covering instead, is mainly anti-bird.Rice shoot is the emphasis of management from 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaf 1 heart, observes the variation of rice shoot every day, and as found, rice shoot is without guttation or the timely moisturizing of leaf roll phenomenon.
2.4 mensuration project and methods
According to transplanting, the requirement of rice shoot is carried out the investigation of seedling quality.This test is 20d after broadcasting, every seedling dish is got representational plant 10 strains and is measured its leaf age, plant height (measuring with ruler), individual plant stem foot wide (measuring with ruler), individual plant radical (artificial counting method), the longest root long (ruler method of masurement is as the criterion with the longitudinal maximum perpendicular length of root).Every dish is got representative rice shoot 50 strains more in addition, rinses well, respectively by overground part and underground part separately, plant is placed in to the 30min that completes at 105 ℃ of temp. controllable air dry ovens, then dries to constant weight at 80 ℃, respectively overground part and dry matter weight of hypogeal parts is weighed.
2.5 data analysis
This is tested all data and all with Excel, processes, and SPSS carries out statistical study, and SigmaPlot draws.
3, results and analysis
The impact of the composite interstitial substance of 3.1 different iron levels on seedling quality
As can be seen from Table 3, the seedling leaf that T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 process is contrast (CK) increase by 29.1%, 25.6%, 22.7%, 31.1% and 23.9% respectively, and difference all reaches conspicuous level, but between processing, difference is not remarkable.The plant height that T3 processes is the highest, and contrast increases by 59.7%, be secondly T4, but both differences is not remarkable, and again for T2 processes, T1 and the performance of T5 plant height are shorter, and difference is not remarkable each other.By table 3, be it can also be seen that, along with the increase of iron level in matrix, the SPAD value of blade also increases thereupon, and each processes all contrast significantly increases.The indefinite radical of rice shoot that T2 processes is maximum, is secondly that T4, T1 and T3 process, and they are respectively than the remarkable increase by 34.4%, 19.0%, 18.1% and 13.3% of CK; The longest root that T2 processes is long the longest, is secondly that T1 and T4 process, and T2, T1 and T4 are respectively than the remarkable increase by 19.5%, 17.4% and 9.2% of CK, and all the other processing are not remarkable compared with contrast difference.In sum, the seedling leaf that different iron level composite interstitial substances are cultivated and plant height all contrast significantly increase, and along with the increase of Shi Tieliang, chlorophyll content increases, indefinite radical and the longest root length with T2 process show more excellent.In general, add the every quality of rice seedling that the composite interstitial substance of ferro element cultivates and be obviously better than contrast.
The impact of the composite interstitial substance of the different iron levels of table 3 on Seedling Quality in Rice
The different letter representation p<0.05 significance levels of difference, it is not remarkable that data contain same letter person's difference.
The impact of the composite interstitial substance of 3.2 different iron levels on rice shoot root/shoot ratio
Root/shoot ratio refers to the fresh weight of foot end and over-ground part or the ratio of dry weight, the upgrowth situation of plant and envrionment conditions on crop field, the reflection of underground part Different Effects, in general, temperature is higher, and moisture, nitrogenous fertilizer are in liberal supply, and phosphate fertilizer is less, illumination can promote plant shoot growth when weak, reduce root/shoot ratio, the next promotion underground part growth of reverse situation, increases root/shoot ratio.As seen from Figure 1, the root/shoot ratio maximum of T2 processing, is secondly that T4 and T1 process, and they are more minimum than the root/shoot ratio of CK increase by 35.3%, 31.2% and minimizing 17.6%, T5 processing respectively, than CK, reduce 17.6%.
The impact of the composite interstitial substance of 3.3 different iron levels on rice shoot index in strong sprout
Strong sprout, index was one of important indicator of evaluating seedling quality.Strong sprout index=(stem thick/plant height+root dry weight/overground part dry weight) * complete stool dry weight.As seen from Figure 2, the index in strong sprout that T2 processes is the highest, secondly be that T1 and T4 process, they increase by 81.3%, 75.7% and 53.3% than CK respectively, the indexed performance in strong sprout that T5 processes is less, the rice shoot index in strong sprout that just adds ferro element to cultivate in the composite interstitial substance of system is all significantly higher than CK, and it is excellent that the quality of seedlings obviously becomes.
Therefore, this test is reached a conclusion: by each component volume ratio, be: earthworm excrement 60%, vermiculite 30% and Nutrition Soil 10% mixes makes just composite interstitial substance processed, adds the iron vitriol of 7.5kg/m3 left and right and makes composite interstitial substance, corresponding to the rice seedling raising ground substance formula that in test, T2 processes during seedling.No matter the rice seedling that this substrate formula is cultivated is that indefinite radical, the longest root are long, root/shoot ratio, should strong sprout the seedling quality all cultivated compared with other processing and contrast of index, robust growth.
Claims (6)
1. a composite rice seedling matrix, comprise the matrix being formed by earthworm excrement, vermiculite and Nutrition Soil, the volume percent that it is characterized in that described earthworm excrement, vermiculite, Nutrition Soil is: earthworm excrement 60%, vermiculite 30%, Nutrition Soil 10%, contain iron vitriol 7.5kg in every cube of matrix; Described Nutrition Soil is vegetable garden soil or vegetable garden fine earth, the soil of fostering and apply fertilizer in locality process.
2. composite rice seedling matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that the particle diameter of described vermiculite, Nutrition Soil and iron vitriol is 3-5mm.
3. a preparation method for composite rice seedling matrix, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) by volume percent, be: earthworm excrement 60%, vermiculite 30% and Nutrition Soil 10%, fully mix and make just rice nursery substrate processed; Described Nutrition Soil is vegetable garden soil or vegetable garden fine earth, the soil of fostering and apply fertilizer in locality process;
2) add again 7.5kg/m
3iron vitriol make composite rice seedling matrix, now mix existing use.
4. the preparation method of composite rice seedling matrix according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described earthworm excrement makes by following: using feces of livestock and poultry as earthworm foodstuff, the environment of suitable earthworm growth is provided, the earthworm excrement producing is screened into the earthworm excrement of 1-4mm particle diameter through dealing with earthworm.
5. the preparation method of composite rice seedling matrix according to claim 4, is characterized in that described feces of livestock and poultry is cow dung.
6. the preparation method of composite rice seedling matrix according to claim 3, is characterized in that the particle diameter of vermiculite, Nutrition Soil and iron vitriol is 3-5mm.
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| CN105330409A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-17 | 周美文 | Preparation method of rice seedling raising nutrition soil for mechanized rice transplanting |
| CN105272667A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-01-27 | 天津天隆农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing rice seedling raising soil by utilizing earthworm cast |
| CN106007895A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 沈阳农业大学 | Municipal sewage sludge rice seedling-raising substrate and production method and application thereof |
| CN106105861A (en) * | 2016-06-25 | 2016-11-16 | 丁玉琴 | A kind of preparation method of rice seedling raising ground substance |
| CN108610168A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-10-02 | 苏州赵陈生物科技有限公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate |
| CN107382408B (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Seedling substrate suitable for mechanized transplanting |
| CN109146270B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2022-02-11 | 河北农业大学 | A method for establishing the robustness index of vegetable seedlings |
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