CN104584814B - Balanced fertilizing method under wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields - Google Patents
Balanced fertilizing method under wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 124
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000002451 Overnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003627 allelochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical compound [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000535 infertility Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020823 overnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of wheat and corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields balanced fertilizing method, winter wheat season, harvesting corn fruit ear when corn is ripe, crushing straw and root stubble or machine receive corn ear crushing straw and root stubble simultaneously, crushing maize stalk and root stubble 1 time again before site preparation, using base fertilizer, rotary tillage soil or deep ploughing are turned over and bury maize straw, then rotary tillage, sowing wheat, topdress the section phase is dialled；Summer corn season, wheat straw is crushed while treating that wheat maturation opportunity zooms in wheat, by Wheat-straw mulching field, then, hard stubble machine sowing corn or artificial dibbling corn, wheat stubble-cleaning is carried out in Maize at Seedling Stage, topdressed in trumpet period and flower period, or hard stubble machine sowing corn, while applying seed manure, topdressed in trumpet period and flower period.The present invention is using wheat, corn as a fertigation unit, balance fertilizing amount and fertilizing method, it is ensured that wheat and corn full stand and healthy seedling, stable high yield, improves the soil organism, culture fertility, Sustainable high yield, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method of crop-planting production process, and in particular to a kind of wheat/corn 1 year two
Under the conditions of ripe crop material total crop return, winter wheat 500 ~ 600kg of per mu yield, summer corn per mu yield 600 ~ 700kg are medium and to spread manure
Balanced fertilizing method under power level.
Background technology
China's crop material stock number is huge, year stalk output in 7.6 hundred million t or so, wherein the nitrogen for containing（N）, phosphorus
（P2O5）, potassium（K2O）Nutrients resource quantity respectively reaches 7,760,000 t, 2,490,000 t, 13,420,000 t, with corn, paddy rice and Wheat Straw
Stalk yield highest.Crop material is important organic fertilizer resource, accounts for the 16.6% of organic manure resource, and rich in C necessary to crop,
N, P, K and Meso- and micro-nutrients.Also field can improve WUEL, the regulation soil moisture, reduce topsoil soil stalk for a long time
Earth unit weight, raising porosity, maintenance soil acidity or alkalinity；Improve the soil organism and nutrient content；Raising soil microbe quantity,
Microbial Community Diversity and soil enzyme activities；Increase crop yield；Reduce greenhouse gas emission.But after returning total stalks into fields such as
What fertilising plays a key effect to improving crop yield.
The wheat/corn system of yielding two crops a year is the main planting type in Shanxi Province south, accounts for 85% or so of replay area,
It is also Shandong, Henan, the leading planting type of Hebei wheat main producing region.20th century, wheat and maize straw be mainly incinerated or
Fuel, animal and fowl fodder are saved as, or even is arbitrarily abandoned.Into 21 century, the attention with country to agricultural, wheat and corn
Price is risen year by year, high-power chopper tool extensive use, and the also field rate of wheat and maize straw is greatly promoted.In recent years, with
The progress of renewal and the cultivation management measure of high-yield variety, crop yield is improved constantly, and Active allelochemical is also continuously increased, right
The high-yield field in wheat and corn（500 ~ 600kg/ of wheat mus, 600 ~ 700kg/ of corn mus）Wheat and two season of corn crop material it is complete
There is problems with the fertilizing method in amount also field：One is that centering High-yield Wheat and the research of corn regulation of fertilizer requirement are very few, causes fertilising
Period is asynchronous with the crop maximum Nutrient Absorption phase, causes waste and crop overnutrition or the deficiency of fertilizer；Two is corn stalk
Rotary tillage sowing wheat, soil C/N ratios generally 55 ~ 65 behind stalk also field:1, and the suitable C/N ratios of straw decomposing should be 25 ~ 30:1,
Therefore a considerable amount of nitrogens are needed when microorganism is decomposed, technology is moved after routinely applying nitrogen or preceding nitrogen（Wheat nitrogenous fertilizer Dressing ratios are 3:7
~5:5）Easily cause slow straw decomposing, seedling stage straw decomposing and crop seedling biology and strive nitrogen, make wheat seedling Huang seedling weak, so that shadow
Ring later period growth and development；Three is that wheat and corn are not considered as fertigation unit is balanced, Term Fertilization be partial to through
The crop of high efficiency of helping, blindly fertilising easily causes that environmental pollution, utilization rate of fertilizer are relatively low, and peasant economy benefit is not high, plants grain product
Polarity is relatively low；Four are heavy nitrogen application, Shaoshi or do not apply phosphorus potash fertilizer and micro- fertilizer, have impact on wheat and corn double seasons double high yields.
The content of the invention
Yielded two crops a year system it is an object of the invention to solve wheat/corn, under the conditions of two season crop material total crop returns, no
The wheat seedling and maize straw that rational application of fertilizer amount, fertilization mode and uneven fertilising the are caused biology that becomes thoroughly decomposed strive wheat caused by nitrogen
The problems such as seedling Huang seedling is weak, the corn underproduction, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, environmental pollution is serious, so as to provide a kind of middle high-yield field
Wheat/corn two crops a year crop material total crop return balanced fertilizing method.
To solve above technical problem, the scheme that the present invention is used is：
A kind of wheat and corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields balanced fertilizing method, including step：
（1）Winter wheat season, harvesting corn fruit ear when corn is ripe, crushing straw and root stubble or machine receive corn ear simultaneously
Crushing straw and root stubble, crushing maize stalk and root stubble 1 time again before site preparation, using base fertilizer, rotary tillage soil or deep ploughing are turned over and bury corn
Stalk, then rotary tillage, sowing wheat, topdress the section phase is dialled；
Winter wheat season amount of nitrogen be two season the total amount of nitrogen of crop 40% ~ 50%, base applies nitrogen and jointing stage and imposes nitrogen ratio
Example is 7:3~10:Between 0, phosphorus application amount, amount of potassium applied account for respectively the two total phosphorus application amounts of season crop and amount of potassium applied 55% ~ 60% and 40% ~
50%, rates of zinc and Shi Meng amount account for two season the total amount of application of crop 50%, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese fertilizer are all disposably applied by base manure
Enter；
（2）In summer corn season, treat that wheat maturation opportunity crushes wheat straw while zoom in wheat, by Wheat-straw mulching field, then, 1.
Hard stubble machine sowing corn or artificial dibbling corn, wheat stubble-cleaning is carried out in Maize at Seedling Stage, is topdressed in trumpet period and flower period, loudspeaker
It is 2 that mouthful phase imposes nitrogen and imposes nitrogen ratio with flower period:1；
Or 2. hard stubble machine sowing corn, while applying seed manure, topdressed in trumpet period and flower period, seed-fertilizer applying nitrogen：Loudspeaker
The mouth phase imposes nitrogen：Flower period imposes nitrogen=1:6:3；
Summer corn season amount of nitrogen be two season the total amount of nitrogen of crop 50% ~ 60%, phosphorus application amount, amount of potassium applied account for respectively two season crop
The 40% ~ 45% and 50% ~ 60% of total phosphorus application amount and amount of potassium applied, rates of zinc and Shi Meng amounts account for two season the total amount of application of crop 50%,
Phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese fertilizer are disposably applied in trumpet period or seed manure is disposably applied.
Every mu of total dose is pure 33 ~ 38kg of N, P2O5 14 ~ 18kg, K2O 8 ~ 10kg, ZnSO4 2 ~ 4kg, MnSO4 2~
4kg。
Wheat stubble height should be no more than 25cm, and high-stubble is no more than 35cm, and the wheat straw length after crushing is not more than 15cm；Corn
Of length no more than 10 centimetres of crushed stalk, root stubble percentage of damage should be greater than 85%, after maize straw, and rotary tillage immediately or rake the soil level is gone out
Stubble, the topsoil for making stalk be evenly distributed on 10 ~ 15 centimetres；Deep ploughing is turned over when burying stalk, and tilling depth should be greater than 25 centimetres, and rotary tillage makes for 2 times
Stalk is mixed with soil.
Wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields balanced fertilizing method of the present invention, wheat stalk in spite of illness
Direct returning to farmland is unable to, otherwise summer corn easily occurs disease；Maize straw direct returning to farmland, substantial amounts of insect ovum, pathogen easily quilt
Soil is ploughed under, must be dressed seed with insecticide, bactericide before wheat cultivation.
Wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields balanced fertilizing method of the present invention, maize straw is broadcast
Wheat is planted, wheat stalk returning seeding corn closes corn regulation of fertilizer requirement, stalk also according to wheat and corn target output, wheat
Field is become thoroughly decomposed characteristic, using wheat, corn as a fertigation unit, balance fertilizing amount and fertilizing method, it is ensured that wheat and corn
Full stand and healthy seedling, stable high yield, improve the soil organism, culture fertility, Sustainable high yield, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, while improving
Ecological benefits and economic benefit.
With traditional " diazonium is fertile, preceding nitrogen after shifting, phosphorus potassium micro- fertile heavy dressing wheat season, Super-high-yielding excessive fertilization " fertilizer application mode phase
Than the present invention has following features：
（1）Using wheat and corn an as fertigation unit, laid equal stress on using winter wheat and summer corn phosphate fertilizer, micro- fertilizer, corn weight
The balanced fertilizing method of nitrogen, potash fertilizer is applied, meet winter wheat, the nutrient demand in the summer corn time of infertility, it is to avoid current corn life
The burn seedlings phenomenon that seedling stage is largely caused using high-nitrogen compound fertilizer in product, reaches crop yield and improves the dual mesh of utilization rate of fertilizer
's；
（2）Under maize straw total crop return, winter wheat season heavy dressing bottom nitrogenous fertilizer adjusts winter wheat seedling stage soil C/N ratios, effectively
Alleviate Wheat Seedling and strive the pressure of nitrogen with straw decomposing, solve the problems, such as that Winter Wheat Seedling Huang, seedling are weak, cultivate strong sprout before the winter；
（3）Topdressed in corn season the fertilization mode being engaged using seed manure, trumpet period and flower period, prevents the corn later stage from taking off
Fertilizer, early ageing, it is to avoid blindness excessive fertilization, improve corn yield.
（4）Balanced fertilizing method of the present invention, under wheat and corn returning total stalks into fields, carries soil organic matter content
0.7 ~ 3.2g/kg high, 0.13 ~ 0.21g/cm of topsoil soils unit weight reduction3.Winter wheat and yield of Summer Corn be respectively increased 10.6 ~
26.5% and 15.3 ~ 30.2%, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium utilization rate be respectively increased 4.33 ~ 14.67%, 2.44 ~ 3.67% and 5.57 ~
17.48%。
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Maize straw sows wheat, wheat stalk returning seeding corn.
Winter wheat season, harvesting corn fruit ear when corn is ripe, crushing straw and root stubble or machine receive corn ear powder simultaneously
Crushing straw and root stubble, crushing maize stalk and root stubble 1 time again before site preparation, using base fertilizer, rotary tillage soil or deep ploughing are turned over and bury corn stalk
Stalk, then rotary tillage, sowing wheat, topdress the section phase is dialled.Every mu of winter wheat season applies fertilizer to the subsoil：Urea（N46.2%）10.85kg, phosphoric acid
Two ammoniums（N-P:18-46）23.48kg, potassium sulfate（K2O 50%）10kg, zinc sulfate 1kg, manganese sulfate 2kg；Jointing stage imposes urea
8.57kg。
In summer corn season, wheat straw is crushed while treating that wheat maturation opportunity zooms in wheat, by Wheat-straw mulching field, hard stubble machine sowing is beautiful
Rice, while applying seed manure, topdresses in trumpet period and flower period.Every mu of corn season applies seed manure：Urea（N46.2%）4.29kg；Big loudspeaker
The mouth phase imposes urea（N46.2%）19.62kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP)（N-P:18-46）15.65kg, potassium sulfate（K2O 50%）10kg,
Zinc sulfate 1kg, manganese sulfate 2kg, the florescence imposes urea（N46.2%）12.86kg.
Always dose is every mu of the balanced fertilizing method：Pure N 33kg, P2O5 18kg, K2O 10kg, ZnSO4 2kg,
MnSO44kg.Wherein winter wheat season amount of nitrogen be two season the total amount of nitrogen of crop 40%, base applies nitrogen and jointing stage and imposes nitrogen
Ratio is 7:3, phosphorus application amount, amount of potassium applied account for the 60% and 50% of the two total phosphorus application amounts of season crop and amount of potassium applied, rates of zinc and Shi Meng respectively
Amount account for two season the total amount of application of crop 50%；Summer corn season seed-fertilizer applying nitrogen：Trumpet period imposes nitrogen：Flower period imposes nitrogen
Element=1:6:3.
By field test, by using above-mentioned wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields balanced fertilizing method, compared with
Peasant convention fertilizing method（Wheat Ji Mu bottom application composite fertilizer 50kg（N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-7）, the jointing stage impose 10kg urine
Element；The typhon mouthful phase in corn season imposes 20kg urea）, winter wheat averagely increases production 18.68%, and summer corn averagely increases production 29.33%；
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium utilization rate are averagely respectively increased 7.13%, 2.55% and 12.30%；After 2 periods of crop-rotation, soil organic matter content
Average to improve 0.7g/kg, the soil weight averagely reduces 0.16g/cm3。
Embodiment 2
Maize straw sows wheat, wheat stalk returning seeding corn.
Winter wheat season, harvesting corn fruit ear when corn is ripe, crushing straw and root stubble or machine receive corn ear powder simultaneously
Crushing straw and root stubble, crushing maize stalk and root stubble 1 time again before site preparation, using base fertilizer, rotary tillage soil or deep ploughing are turned over and bury corn stalk
Stalk, then rotary tillage, sowing wheat, topdress the section phase is dialled.Every mu of wheat season applies fertilizer to the subsoil：Urea（N46.2%）21.67kg, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium（N-P:18-46）18.26kg, potassium sulfate（K2O 50%）8kg, zinc sulfate 2kg, manganese sulfate 2kg；Jointing stage imposes urea
12.34kg。
In summer corn season, wheat straw is crushed while treating that wheat maturation opportunity zooms in wheat, by Wheat-straw mulching field, hard stubble machine sowing is beautiful
Rice, while applying seed manure, topdresses in trumpet period and flower period.Every mu of corn season applies seed manure：Urea（N46.2%）4.11kg；Big loudspeaker
The mouth phase imposes urea（N46.2%）19.93kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP)（N-P:18-46）12.17kg, potassium sulfate（K2O 50%）12kg,
Zinc sulfate 2kg, manganese sulfate 2kg, the florescence imposes urea（N46.2%）12.34kg.
Always dose is every mu of the balanced fertilizing method：Pure N 38kg, P2O5 14kg, K2O 10kg, ZnSO4 4kg,
MnSO44kg.Wherein winter wheat season amount of nitrogen be two season the total amount of nitrogen of crop 50%, base applies nitrogen and jointing stage and imposes nitrogen
Ratio is 7:3, phosphorus application amount, amount of potassium applied account for the 60% and 40% of the two total phosphorus application amounts of season crop and amount of potassium applied, rates of zinc and Shi Meng respectively
Amount account for two season the total amount of application of crop 50%；Summer corn season seed-fertilizer applying nitrogen：Trumpet period imposes nitrogen：Flower period imposes nitrogen
Element=1:6:3.
By field test, by using above-mentioned wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields balanced fertilizing method, compared with
Peasant convention fertilizing method（Wheat Ji Mu bottom application composite fertilizer 50kg（N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-7）, the jointing stage impose 10kg urine
Element；The typhon mouthful phase in corn season imposes 20kg urea）, winter wheat averagely increases production 15.46%, and summer corn averagely increases production 23.58%；
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium utilization rate are respectively increased 10.22%, 3.72% and 8.35%；After 2 periods of crop-rotation, soil organic matter content is average
1.7 g/kg are improved, the soil weight averagely reduces 0.17g/cm3。
Embodiment 3
Maize straw sows wheat, wheat stalk returning seeding corn.
Winter wheat season, harvesting corn fruit ear when corn is ripe, crushing straw and root stubble or machine receive corn ear powder simultaneously
Crushing straw and root stubble, crushing maize stalk and root stubble 1 time again before site preparation, using base fertilizer, rotary tillage soil or deep ploughing are turned over and bury corn stalk
Stalk, then rotary tillage, sowing wheat, topdress the section phase is dialled.Every mu of wheat season applies fertilizer to the subsoil：Urea（N46.2%）25.21kg, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium（N-P:18-46）19.73kg, potassium sulfate（K2O 50%）8kg, zinc sulfate 1kg, manganese sulfate 1kg.
Hard stubble machine sowing corn or artificial dibbling corn, carry out wheat stubble-cleaning, in trumpet period and flower period in Maize at Seedling Stage
Topdress.The every mu of fertilising of corn season：The typhon mouthful phase imposes urea（N46.2%）26.61kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP)（N-P:18-46）
16.14 kg, potassium sulfate（K2O 50%）8kg, zinc sulfate 1kg, manganese sulfate 1kg, the florescence imposes urea（N46.2%）16.45kg.
Always dose is every mu of the balanced fertilizing method：Pure N 38kg, P2O5 16.5kg, K2O 8kg, ZnSO4 2kg,
MnSO42kg.Wherein winter wheat season amount of nitrogen be two season the total amount of nitrogen of crop 40%, base applies nitrogen and jointing stage and imposes nitrogen
Ratio is 10:0, phosphorus application amount, amount of potassium applied account for the 55% and 50% of the two total phosphorus application amounts of season crop and amount of potassium applied, rates of zinc and Shi Meng respectively
Amount account for two season the total amount of application of crop 50%；Summer corn season, trumpet period imposed nitrogen：Flower period imposes nitrogen=2:1.
By field test, by using above-mentioned wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields balanced fertilizing method, compared with
Peasant convention fertilizing method（Wheat Ji Mu bottom application composite fertilizer 50kg（N-P2O5-K2O=20-15-8）, the jointing stage impose 10kg urine
Element；The typhon mouthful phase in corn season imposes 10kg urea）, winter wheat averagely increases production 25.64%, and summer corn averagely increases production 20.15%；
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium utilization rate are respectively increased 13.52%, 3.02% and 6.45%；After 2 periods of crop-rotation, soil organic matter content is improved
2.7 g/kg, the soil weight averagely reduces 0.21g/cm3。
Embodiment 4
Maize straw sows wheat, wheat stalk returning seeding corn.
Winter wheat season, harvesting corn fruit ear when corn is ripe, crushing straw and root stubble or machine receive corn ear powder simultaneously
Crushing straw and root stubble, crushing maize stalk and root stubble 1 time again before site preparation, using base fertilizer, rotary tillage soil or deep ploughing are turned over and bury corn stalk
Stalk, then rotary tillage, sowing wheat, topdress the section phase is dialled.Every mu of wheat season applies fertilizer to the subsoil：Urea（N46.2%）20.75kg, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium（N-P:18-46）16.74kg, potassium sulfate（K2O 50%）10kg, zinc sulfate 1kg, manganese sulfate 2kg.
In summer corn season, wheat straw is crushed while treating that wheat maturation opportunity zooms in wheat, by Wheat-straw mulching field, hard stubble machine sowing is beautiful
Rice, while applying seed manure, topdresses in trumpet period and flower period.Every mu of corn season applies seed manure：Urea（N46.2%）3.90kg；Big loudspeaker
The mouth phase imposes urea（N46.2%）18.04kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP)（N-P:18-46）13.70kg, potassium sulfate（K2O 50%）10kg,
Zinc sulfate 1kg, manganese sulfate 2kg, the florescence imposes urea（N46.2%）11.69kg.
Always dose is every mu of the balanced fertilizing method：Pure N 36kg, P2O5 14kg, K2O 10kg, ZnSO4 2kg,
MnSO44kg.Wherein winter wheat season amount of nitrogen be two season the total amount of nitrogen of crop 50%, base applies nitrogen and jointing stage and imposes nitrogen
Ratio is 7:3, phosphorus application amount, amount of potassium applied account for the 55% and 50% of the two total phosphorus application amounts of season crop and amount of potassium applied, rates of zinc and Shi Meng respectively
Amount account for two season the total amount of application of crop 50%；Summer corn season seed-fertilizer applying nitrogen：Trumpet period imposes nitrogen：Flower period imposes nitrogen
Element=1:6:3.
Through field test, by using above-mentioned wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields balanced fertilizing method, compared with agriculture
People's traditional fertilization method（Wheat Ji Mu bottom application composite fertilizer 50kg（N-P2O5-K2O=20-15-8）, the jointing stage imposes 50kg urea；
The typhon mouthful phase in corn season imposes 10kg urea）, winter wheat averagely increases production 17.58%, and summer corn averagely increases production 24.81%；Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, potassium utilization rate are respectively increased 10.52%, 2.61% and 5.33%, and after 2 periods of crop-rotation, soil organic matter content is averagely improved
1.23 g/kg, the soil weight averagely reduces 0.18g/cm3。
Claims (2)
1. balanced fertilizing method under a kind of wheat/corn two crops a year returning total stalks into fields, it is characterised in that:
（1）Winter wheat season, harvesting corn fruit ear when corn is ripe, crushing straw and root stubble or machine are received corn ear and are crushed simultaneously
Stalk and root stubble, crushing maize stalk and root stubble 1 time again before site preparation, using base fertilizer, rotary tillage soil or deep ploughing are turned over and bury maize straw,
Then rotary tillage, sowing wheat, topdress the section phase is dialled；
Winter wheat season amount of nitrogen be two season the total amount of nitrogen of crop 40% ~ 50%, base applies nitrogen and the jointing stage imposes nitrogen ratio and is
7:3~10:Between 0, phosphorus application amount, amount of potassium applied account for the 55% ~ 60% and 40% ~ 50% of the two total phosphorus application amounts of season crop and amount of potassium applied respectively, apply
Zinc amount and apply manganese amount account for two season the total amount of application of crop 50%, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese fertilizer are all disposably applied by base manure；
（2）In summer corn season, treat that wheat maturation opportunity crushes wheat straw while zoom in wheat, by Wheat-straw mulching field, then, 1. hard stubble
Machine sowing corn or artificial dibbling corn, wheat stubble-cleaning is carried out in Maize at Seedling Stage, is topdressed in trumpet period and flower period, trumpet period
Impose nitrogen and flower period to impose nitrogen ratio be 2:1；
Or 2. hard stubble machine sowing corn, while applying seed manure, topdressed in trumpet period and flower period, seed-fertilizer applying nitrogen：Trumpet period
Impose nitrogen：Flower period imposes nitrogen=1:6:3；
Summer corn season amount of nitrogen be two season the total amount of nitrogen of crop 50% ~ 60%, phosphorus application amount, amount of potassium applied account for respectively two season crop always apply
The 40% ~ 45% and 50% ~ 60% of phosphorus amount and amount of potassium applied, rates of zinc and Shi Meng amount account for two season the total amount of application of crop 50%, phosphorus, potassium,
Zinc, manganese fertilizer are disposably applied in trumpet period or seed manure is disposably applied；Every mu of total dose is pure 33 ~ 38kg of N, P2O5 14~
18kg, K2O 8 ~ 10kg, ZnSO4 2 ~ 4kg, MnSO4 2~4kg。
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Wheat stubble height should be no more than 25cm, and high-stubble is no more than
35cm, the wheat straw length after crushing is not more than 15cm；Of length no more than 10 centimetres of corn straw smashing, root stubble percentage of damage should be greater than
85%, after maize straw, rotary tillage immediately or stubble-cleaning of raking the soil level, the topsoil for making stalk be evenly distributed on 10 ~ 15 centimetres；Deep ploughing is turned over
When burying stalk, tilling depth should be greater than 25 centimetres, and rotary tillage makes for 2 times stalk be mixed with soil.
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