CN110089369B - Wheat-corn crop rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wheat-corn crop rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting fertilization. The winter wheat-summer corn straws in the annual rotation period are all returned to the field, the straw decomposition part can improve the fertility of the cultivated land, the non-decomposition part can improve the water holding capacity of the cultivated land, and the fertilizer-water ratio is kept. The soil testing, fertilizing and seeding of wheat has reasonable nutrient proportion, reduces unnecessary waste of unnecessary excessive fertilization, effectively improves the land capability and ensures the yield of wheat. And (3) applying urea after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, and balancing the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straws and the organic fertilizer. Soil testing, fertilizing, seeding and applying the solid corn compound fertilizer to ensure the yield of the corn. The straw is returned to the field and then organic fertilizer is applied, so that the physical structure of the soil can be greatly improved, and the reproduction capacity of the soil is improved. The method realizes the total fertilizer application amount regulation and control and the staged operation, effectively combines with cultivation and farming measures, and ensures the water-fertilizer balance of soil-crop systems, the balance of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers and the sustainable utilization of land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wheat-corn crop rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method, in particular to a water-fertilizer balanced and organic-inorganic-fertilizer balanced annual fertilization method under the condition that winter wheat-summer corn straws are completely returned to the field in middle and low-yield fields or hilly mountain areas, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting fertilization.
Background
Grain safety is a major problem in national development, and economic development and social stability of any country are all established on the grain safety problem. The food safety problem in China is an economic problem and a social problem, and the guarantee of the food safety is the basis and guarantee for realizing national safety. With the development of national economy and the improvement of urbanization level, the demand of per-capita food is continuously increased. In order to guarantee the grain safety, the soil fertility is improved and the yield per unit of crops and the quality of agricultural products are improved through scientific farming and water and fertilizer management.
Wheat and corn are important grain crops in China and occupy important positions in agriculture and national economy in China. China is the largest wheat producing country and consuming country, the yield and consumption amount approximately account for about 25% of national grain yield, and the trade and stock of commercial wheat approximately account for 35% of national grain yield. Corn is a grain crop with the highest yield, has multiple purposes of grain, feed and the like, plays an important role in food production in China, and is the second largest corn producing country and consumer country in the world in China. Corn is used as the second major grain crop in China and is also the main crop for guaranteeing the grain safety in China.
With the increase of crop yield, the straw yield continues to increase. The reasonable utilization of straw resources not only relates to soil fertility, water and soil conservation, environmental safety, high efficiency of renewable resources and the like, but also relates to environmental cleanness of farmer production and living systems, and is a necessary requirement for realizing benign development of agriculture and rural social economy in China. On the premise of ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture, reasonable balanced fertilization has important significance for ensuring national grain safety and improving the cultivated land quality.
The wheat and corn planting in China mainly adopts a wheat and corn crop rotation planting mode, and the mechanical returning rate of a middle-low yield field or a hilly and mountainous area is low, so that on one hand, a crop harvester and a straw returning machine are not popularized or matched, so that a large amount of straws are burnt on the spot after being harvested, the environment is seriously polluted, and a large amount of straw resources are wasted; on the other hand, in agricultural production, with the increase of wheat yield, the investment of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is increased year by year, so that organic fertilizers are deficient, the quality of cultivated land is reduced, and the disaster resistance is weakened. Therefore, the method has urgent need of increasing soil organic matter input, improving mechanized planting level, coordinating the contradiction of crop-yield-quality-environment, and realizing high yield, high quality, high efficiency and low consumption of wheat production.
The problems of the prior middle and low yield field or hilly mountain area in the aspect of wheat and corn rotation planting management technology are as follows: the method is unclear on barrier factors existing in soil, has no way to return straws to fields for fertilizing and improving the soil fertility, can only follow empirical practice, and cannot scientifically manage the fertilizer and water. Therefore, the method for applying the fertilizer to the winter wheat and the summer corn in the middle and low-yield fields or hilly and mountainous areas in the year round by returning the straws to the field and balancing the water and fertilizer and the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is developed correspondingly, the problem of restricting the soil in the middle and low-yield fields or hilly and mountainous areas is solved, the production potential of the wheat and the corn is improved, the agricultural production is served, and the income of farmers is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a water-fertilizer balance and organic-inorganic fertilizer balance annual fertilization method under the condition of full returning of winter wheat-summer corn straws in middle and low-yield fields or hilly mountain areas.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a wheat-corn rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method comprises the following steps:
(1) after the corn is harvested, smashing the corn straws into 1-10 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the corn straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly scattering the decomposition agent and the wet soil mixed with urea on the corn straws, then applying 200kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu, and returning the field to the field by deep ploughing.
(2) The rotary cultivator is deeply ploughed for 25-30 cm, so that the straw decomposed organic fertilizer is more uniform. Level ground after deep ploughingSowing wheat in the sowing machine, measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer content in the soil of the farmland, applying 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, and supplementing until the nutrient ratio N: P per mu is increased2O5︰K2O =1: 0.5-0.7: 0.2-0.5, the nutrient ratio is weight ratio, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be 15-25%.
(3) And (3) applying urea after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, balancing the carbon content of the straws and the organic fertilizer and the nitrogen content of the urea, and keeping the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil in the range of 15-25: 1.
(4) After wheat is harvested, smashing the wheat straws into 1-5 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the wheat straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly spreading the decomposition maturing agent and the solid corn compound fertilizer mixed with the wet soil on the wheat straws, and deep ploughing to return the field. The solid corn compound fertilizer consists of urea, plant ash, organic humic acid, potassium sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide and zinc sulfate.
(5) Sowing corn, measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer content in the soil of the farmland, applying 26-6-8 compound fertilizer, and supplementing nutrients to N13 kg/mu and P2O5 3 kg/mu and K2O4 kg/mu, no additional fertilizer is applied in the whole corn period.
Preferably, the addition amounts of the decomposing inoculant and the urea in the step (1) are as follows: 1-2 kg/mu of decomposing inoculant and 10-15 kg/mu of urea.
Preferably, the commercial organic fertilizer in the step (1) is any commercial organic fertilizer meeting the requirements of the NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer standard.
Preferably, the fertilization mode of the commercial organic fertilizer in the step (1) is broadcast application.
Preferably, the seeding rate of the wheat in the step (2) is 10 kg-15 kg/mu.
Preferably, the water content of the soil in the step (2) is controlled to be 15-25%, when the soil depth is 0-20 cm, the water content is controlled to be 15-20%, and when the soil depth is 20-40 cm, the water content is controlled to be 20-25%.
Preferably, the solid corn compound fertilizer in the step (4) is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 10-20 parts of organic humic acid, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 8-12 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 3-8 parts of zinc sulfate.
Preferably, the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer of 26-6-8 in the step (5) is 50 kg/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the wheat-corn rotation straw returning balance fertilization method, winter wheat-summer corn straws are all returned to the field in the annual rotation period, the decomposed part of the straws can improve the fertility of the cultivated land under the action of the decomposition agent, and the undecomposed part can improve the water holding capacity of the cultivated land and keep the proportion of fertilizer and water.
2. The wheat-corn rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method of the invention is used for sowing wheat by soil testing and fertilization, wherein the nutrient ratio per mu is N: P2O5︰K2O =1: 0.5-0.7: 0.2-0.5, the proportion is reasonable, unnecessary and redundant fertilization waste is reduced, the land fertility is effectively improved, and the yield of wheat is guaranteed.
3. According to the wheat-corn rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method, urea is applied in the jointing stage after wheat is turned green, so that the carbon content of the straws and organic fertilizer and the nitrogen content of the urea are balanced, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil is maintained in a proper range.
4. According to the wheat-corn rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method, soil testing, fertilization and corn sowing are performed, and a solid corn compound fertilizer consisting of urea, plant ash, organic humic acid, potassium sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide and zinc sulfate is applied, so that unnecessary waste of excessive fertilization is reduced, the soil fertility is effectively improved, and the yield of corn is guaranteed.
5. According to the wheat-corn rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method, organic fertilizer is additionally applied after straw returning, so that the physical structure of soil can be greatly improved, and the reproduction capacity of the soil is improved. The method realizes the total fertilizer application amount regulation and control and the staged operation, effectively combines with cultivation and farming measures, and ensures the water-fertilizer balance of soil-crop systems, the balance of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers and the sustainable utilization of land.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A wheat-corn rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method comprises the following steps:
(1) after the corn is harvested, smashing the corn straws into 1-10 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the corn straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly scattering a decomposition agent and urea mixed with wet soil on the corn straws, wherein the addition amounts of the decomposition agent and the urea are as follows: 1 kg/mu of decomposing inoculant and 10 kg/mu of urea. Then, 200kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, and the land is returned to the field by deep ploughing. The commercial organic fertilizer meets the standard requirement of NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer.
(2) The rotary cultivator is deeply ploughed for 25-30 cm, so that the straw decomposed organic fertilizer is more uniform. And (4) leveling the ground after deep ploughing, and sowing wheat by using the sowing machine, wherein the sowing quantity of the wheat is 10 kg/mu. Measuring nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer content of farmland soil, applying 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, and supplementing until nutrient ratio N: P per mu2O5︰K2O =1: 0.5: 0.2, the nutrient ratio is weight ratio, the soil water content is controlled to be 15-25%, the water content is controlled to be 15% when the soil depth is 0-20 cm, and the water content is controlled to be 20% when the soil depth is 20-40 cm.
(3) And (3) applying urea after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, balancing the carbon content of the straws and the organic fertilizer and the nitrogen content of the urea, and keeping the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil in a range of 15: 1.
(4) After wheat is harvested, smashing the wheat straws into 1-5 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the wheat straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly spreading the decomposition maturing agent and the solid corn compound fertilizer mixed with the wet soil on the wheat straws, and deep ploughing to return the field. The solid corn compound fertilizer consists of 30 parts of urea, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of organic humic acid, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 3 parts of zinc sulfate.
(5) Sowing corn, measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer content in the soil of the cultivated land, applying 26-6-8 compound fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 50 kg/mu, and supplementing nutrients to N13 kg/mu and P2O5 3 kg/mu and K2O4 kg/mu, no additional fertilizer is applied in the whole corn period.
Example 2
A wheat-corn rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method comprises the following steps:
(1) after the corn is harvested, smashing the corn straws into 1-10 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the corn straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly scattering a decomposition agent and urea mixed with wet soil on the corn straws, wherein the addition amounts of the decomposition agent and the urea are as follows: 1.5 kg/mu of decomposing inoculant and 12.5 kg/mu of urea. Then, 200kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, and the land is returned to the field by deep ploughing. The commercial organic fertilizer meets the standard requirement of NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer.
(2) The rotary cultivator is deeply ploughed for 25-30 cm, so that the straw decomposed organic fertilizer is more uniform. And (4) leveling the ground after deep ploughing, and sowing wheat by using the sowing machine, wherein the sowing quantity of the wheat is 12.5 kg/mu. Measuring nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer content of farmland soil, applying 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, and supplementing until nutrient ratio N: P per mu2O5︰K2O =1: 0.6: 0.3, the nutrient ratio is weight ratio, the soil water content is controlled to be 15-25%, the water content is controlled to be 20% when the soil depth is 0-20 cm, and the water content is controlled to be 20% when the soil depth is 20-40 cm.
(3) And (3) applying urea after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, balancing the carbon content of the straws and the organic fertilizer and the nitrogen content of the urea, and keeping the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil in a range of 25: 1.
(4) After wheat is harvested, smashing the wheat straws into 1-5 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the wheat straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly spreading the decomposition maturing agent and the solid corn compound fertilizer mixed with the wet soil on the wheat straws, and deep ploughing to return the field. The solid corn compound fertilizer consists of 38 parts of urea, 15 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of organic humic acid, 12.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 5 parts of zinc sulfate.
(5) Sowing corn, measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer content in the soil of the farmland, applying 26-6-8 compound fertilizer, and supplementing nutrients to N13 kg/mu and P2O5 3 kg/mu and K2O4 kg/mu, no additional fertilizer is applied in the whole corn period.
Example 3
A wheat-corn rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method comprises the following steps:
(1) after the corn is harvested, smashing the corn straws into 1-10 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the corn straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly scattering a decomposition agent and urea mixed with wet soil on the corn straws, wherein the addition amounts of the decomposition agent and the urea are as follows: decomposing agent 2 kg/mu and urea 15 kg/mu. Then, 200kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, and the land is returned to the field by deep ploughing. The commercial organic fertilizer meets the standard requirement of NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer.
(2) The rotary cultivator is deeply ploughed for 25-30 cm, so that the straw decomposed organic fertilizer is more uniform. And (4) leveling the ground after deep ploughing, and sowing wheat by using the sowing machine, wherein the sowing quantity of the wheat is 15 kg/mu. Measuring nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer content of farmland soil, applying 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, and supplementing until nutrient ratio N: P per mu2O5︰K2O =1: 0.7: 0.5, the nutrient ratio is weight ratio, the soil water content is controlled to be 15-25%, the water content is controlled to be 20% when the soil depth is 0-20 cm, and the water content is controlled to be 25% when the soil depth is 20-40 cm.
(3) And (3) applying urea after wheat is turned green in the jointing stage, balancing the carbon content of the straws and the organic fertilizer and the urea nitrogen content, and keeping the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil in a range of 20: 1.
(4) After wheat is harvested, smashing the wheat straws into 1-5 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the wheat straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly spreading the decomposition maturing agent and the solid corn compound fertilizer mixed with the wet soil on the wheat straws, and deep ploughing to return the field. The solid corn compound fertilizer consists of 45 parts of urea, 20 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of organic humic acid, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 12 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 8 parts of zinc sulfate.
(5) Sowing corn, measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer content in the soil of the farmland, applying 26-6-8 compound fertilizer, and supplementing nutrients to N13 kg/mu and P2O5 3 kg/mu and K2O4 kg/mu, no additional fertilizer is applied in the whole corn period.
Comparative example 1
The soil texture of the test field is loamy moisture soil, the organic matter of the plough layer soil is 12.56 percent, and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 78 percent.2 mg·kg-1Quick-acting phosphorus 12.3 mg/kg-1Quick-acting potassium 88.2 mg/kg-1And the pH value is 8.0. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea and diammonium phosphate, the phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride.
After returning the corn straws to the field, 1/2 of all nitrogen fertilizers in wheat season, all phosphate fertilizers and potash fertilizers are applied, the using amount of the compound fertilizers is 5 kg/mu, soil is subjected to rotary tillage, the wheat is sown, and nitrogen fertilizer topdressing is performed in spring; after wheat is harvested, corn is sowed, all potash fertilizers are applied in one-time ditching in the seedling stage of the corn, the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 8 kg/mu, and topdressing is not performed in the later stage. The input amount and the application mode of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are consistent, and the irrigation amount and the irrigation mode are consistent.
Comparative example 2
The test field and fertilization are the same as the comparative example 1, 1/2 of all nitrogen fertilizers, all phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers in wheat are applied after corn straws are returned to the field, the using amount of the compound fertilizers is 8 kg/mu, the soil is subjected to rotary tillage, the wheat is sown, and the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing is carried out in spring; after wheat is harvested, corn is sowed, all potash fertilizers are applied in one-time ditching in the seedling stage of the corn, the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, and topdressing is not performed in the later stage. The input amount and the application mode of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are consistent, and the irrigation amount and the irrigation mode are consistent.
Comparative example 3
The test field and fertilization are the same as the comparative example 1, 1/2 of all nitrogen fertilizers, all phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers in wheat are applied after corn straws are returned to the field, the using amount of the compound fertilizers is 10 kg/mu, the soil is subjected to rotary tillage, the wheat is sown, and the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing is carried out in spring; after wheat is harvested, corn is sowed, all potash fertilizers are applied in one-time ditching in the seedling stage of the corn, the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 12 kg/mu, and topdressing is not performed in the later stage. The input amount and the application mode of the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are consistent, and the irrigation amount and the irrigation mode are consistent.
And (4) comparing the results:
comparative analysis was performed on the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively, and the analysis results are shown in the following table. Wherein the comprehensive utilization rate of the fertilizer is (the amount of the absorbed nutrients of the corn subjected to fertilization treatment-the amount of the absorbed nutrients of the corn not subjected to fertilization treatment)/the amount of the fertilizer. The cost saving and efficiency increasing effects are analyzed from the two aspects of reducing fertilizer input and increasing crop yield, and the influence of different formula treatment on the cost saving and efficiency increasing effects is analyzed.
Treating with a predetermined formula, N is 3.10 yuan/kg, P2O5According to 3.15 yuan/kg, K2The O is 2.50 yuan/kg, and the price of the corn and the wheat is in real price.
The results prove that the wheat yields of examples 1 to 3 are respectively increased by 11.1 Kg, 11.9 Kg and 6.6 Kg compared with the wheat yields of comparative examples 1 to 3; the yield of the corn per mu is increased by 10.1 Kg, 10.2 Kg and 8.8 Kg. The yields are all improved compared to the comparative examples. The comprehensive economic benefit is good, and compared with a comparative example, the cost-saving efficiency-increasing efficiency is evaluated to 96.10 yuan hm2. The wheat-corn rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method is proved to be combined with the growth and elimination rule of soil nutrients, so that the soil fertility is kept to be continuously improved, the fertilization amount is properly reduced on the premise of ensuring and improving the yield, and the method can be used as an important reference for balanced fertilization.
Claims (4)
1. A wheat-corn crop rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) after the corn is harvested, smashing the corn straws into 1-10 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the corn straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly scattering a decomposition agent and urea mixed with wet soil on corn straws, then applying 200kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu, and returning the field to the field by deep ploughing;
2) deeply ploughing by a rotary cultivator for 25-30 cm to ensure that the straw decomposed organic fertilizer is more uniform; leveling the ground after deep ploughing, sowing wheat in the sowing machine, measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer content in the soil of the cultivated land, applying 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, and supplementing until the nutrient ratio N to P per mu is reached2O5:K2O =1: 0.5-0.7: 0.2-0.5, the nutrient content is weight ratio, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be 15-25%;
3) applying urea in the jointing stage after wheat is turned green, balancing the carbon content of straws and organic fertilizer and the nitrogen content of urea, and keeping the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil in the range of 15-25: 1;
4) after wheat is harvested, smashing the wheat straws into 1-5 cm fragments by a straw returning machine, paving and returning the fragments to the field, wherein the wheat straws after returning to the field are short and cannot form piles and expose soil; uniformly scattering wet soil mixed with a decomposition agent and a solid corn compound fertilizer on wheat straws, and deep ploughing to return the mixture to the field; the solid corn compound fertilizer consists of urea, plant ash, organic humic acid, potassium sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide and zinc sulfate;
5) sowing corn, measuring the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer content in the soil of the farmland, applying 26-6-8 compound fertilizer, and supplementing nutrients to N13 kg/mu and P2O5 3 kg/mu and K2O4 kg/mu, no additional fertilizer is applied in the whole corn period;
the addition amounts of the decomposing inoculant and the urea in the step 1) are as follows: 1-2 kg/mu of decomposing inoculant and 10-15 kg/mu of urea;
the wheat seeding amount in the step 2) is 10 kg-15 kg/mu;
the water content of the soil in the step 2) is controlled to be 15-25%, when the soil depth is 0-20 cm, the water content is controlled to be 15-20%, and when the soil depth is 20-40 cm, the water content is controlled to be 20-25%;
the solid corn compound fertilizer in the step 4) is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 10-20 parts of organic humic acid, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 8-12 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 3-8 parts of zinc sulfate.
2. The wheat-corn crop rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization method comprises the following steps: the commercial organic fertilizer in the step 1) is a commercial organic fertilizer meeting the standard requirement of NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer.
3. The wheat-corn crop rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein: the fertilizing mode of the commercial organic fertilizer in the step 1) is broadcasting application.
4. The wheat-corn crop rotation straw returning balanced fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization method comprises the following steps: the fertilizing amount of the compound fertilizer of 26-6-8 in the step 5) is 50 kg/mu.
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