CN104145655B - The improvement method of the organic slaking in a kind of yellow mud field - Google Patents
The improvement method of the organic slaking in a kind of yellow mud field Download PDFInfo
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- CN104145655B CN104145655B CN201410356931.5A CN201410356931A CN104145655B CN 104145655 B CN104145655 B CN 104145655B CN 201410356931 A CN201410356931 A CN 201410356931A CN 104145655 B CN104145655 B CN 104145655B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the improvement method of the organic slaking in a kind of yellow mud field.For early rice season rice field, the steps include: 1) plant Chinese milk vetch and join and execute inorganic fertilizer; 2) at Chinese milk vetch rough leaf phase applied nitrogen, the pure amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is: 6.9-10.35 kilogram/hectare; 3) at Chinese milk vetch growth animated period applied nitrogen again, pure amount is: 17.25 ~ 34.5 kilograms/hectare; 4) Chinese milk vetch is done green manure also field, then use chemical fertilizer.For double cropping rice: 1) adopt early rice straw original position direct returning to farmland, or execute livestock and poultry muck and carry out soil-ripening; 2) lift-augmented mechanism, regulates stalk C/N ratio; 3) before semilate rice or late rice sowing, decomposed manure or mushroom slag is executed; 4) after semilate rice or late rice are transplanted, light drainage ventilation is carried out, and then rehydration.Present invention improves soil structure, reduce the bulk density of soil, improve Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils, and have impact on structure of community and the soil enzyme activities of edaphon.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the improvement method of the organic slaking in a kind of yellow mud field, belongs to soil melioration recovery technique field.
Background technology
Paddy soil is the most important soil cultivation type of south China, and early eighties, low yield paddy soil accounts for 26% of the gross area.By soil melioration, improving low yield Paddy Soil Productivity is ensure one of national food security important measures.
Yellow mud field is one of main Middle and low productive paddy soils type of south China, is about 424567 hectares at China's distribution area.Yellow mud field grows after rice cultivation is opened up wasteland by the red soil wasteland on various rock decay thing and Laterite or nonirrigated farmland in south China red-yellow soil area to form, and mainly comprises the soil species such as red soil field, yellow mud sandy land, grey yellow mud field, black yellow mud field.
Yellow mud field soil profile character mainly comprises: 1) yellow mud field soil profile generation configuration is generally A-P-C or A-P-BC; 2) topsoil is shallow, and general thickness is about 10-15cm; P layer is solid sticky tough, and heart bottom has iron core or plinthitic horizon red and white; Often there is multiple special genetic horizon in 50cm soil layer, as half weathering clast, iron dung layer, blue spot layer etc., easily cause soil body water proof, backwater, hold one's breath and take off the phenomenons such as fertile.Yellow mud water in field ploughs that the curing time is short, and amount of cure is low, and the soil texture is sticky heavy, and cohesiveness is high, bad tilth, easily hardens; Soil body air capacity of soils is poor, and microbial activity is low; Soil acidity is strong, and cation exchange capacity is low, and nutrient preserving capability is poor.Organic matter, the available potassium, effectively silicon and bad tilth of reduced levels are the main yield limiting factors in low yield yellow mud field.
Current application of organic fertilizers, organic-inorganic join execute, straw-returning be low yield paddy soil yellow mud field improvement main method.Under Long-term Fertilization, Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can increase yellow mud field total soil nitrogen, organic matter and microbial biomass, improves soil quality and biological fertility (Ji Jian Hua etc., 2011; Qiu Shanlian etc., 2013; Bibliography: Ji Jian Hua, Liu Xiumei, Li Zuzhang, wait .2011. long-term fertilization on the impact of yellow mud field carbon and nitrogen and Nitrogen utility. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 44 (12): 2484-2494; Qiu Shanlian, Liu Lihua, Chen Jichen, wait .2013. Long-term Different Fertilization on the impact of yellow mud field soil enzyme activities and microorganism. Chinese soil and fertilizer, 4:30-34).Long-Term Straw and applying organic manure not only can improve yellow mud field Fertility of Paddy Soils, can also improve rice yield and rice quality (Wang Fei etc., 2011; Bibliography: Wang Fei, Lin Cheng, Li Qinghua, waits .2011. Long-term Different Fertilization on the impact of southern yellow mud water in field rice grain quality trait and soil fertility factor, plant nutrition and fertilizer journal, 17 (2): 283-290).Rice field straw-returning is joined and is executed straw decomposing inoculant and effectively can improve rice yield, improves soil physical and chemical property, has good culture fertility and effect of increasing production (Yang Fan etc., 2011; Bibliography: Yang Fan, Li Rong, Cui Yong, waits the yield increasing effect of fostering and apply fertilizer of .2011. south China straw-returning. Chinese soil and fertilizer, 1:10-14).Straw-returning effectively to the negative effect of rice field productivity, can have good stable yields and effect of increasing production (Yang etc., 2014 by improper release Soil management measure; Bibliography: YangL, ZhangZC, CaoXC, etal.2014.Responseofriceproduction, milledricequalityandsoilpropertiestovariousnitrogeninput sandricestrawincorporationundercontinuousplasticfilmmulc hingcultivation.FieldCropRes, 155:164-171).Current improvement method all can improve rice yield, but the use of single ameliorative measure lacks systematicness, globality, and lacks clear and definite specific standards.
Present invention uses Chinese milk vetch as green manure, join organic fertilizer, multiple improvement method carries out comprehensive integration, gives concrete fertilizer recommend use amount, and the existing soil improvement method rice yield comparatively has and significantly improves.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the improvement method of the organic slaking in a kind of yellow mud field.By improveing yellow mud field, thus improve the rice yield in low yield paddy soil yellow mud field.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
An improvement method for the organic slaking in yellow mud field, for early rice season rice field, the steps include:
1) plant Chinese milk vetch, for as green manure also field, and join and execute inorganic fertilizer;
2) at Chinese milk vetch rough leaf phase applied nitrogen; Wherein, the pure amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is: 6.9-10.35 kilogram/hectare;
3) at Chinese milk vetch growth animated period applied nitrogen again; Wherein, the pure amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is: 17.25 ~ 34.5 kilograms/hectare;
4) Chinese milk vetch is done green manure also field, then use chemical fertilizer.
Further, joining the inorganic fertilizer executed is: phosphate fertilizer P
2o
536 kilograms/hectare, potash fertilizer K
2o45-54 kilogram/hectare.
Further, when the Chinese milk vetch rough leaf phase, use urea 15-22.5 kilogram/hectare, simultaneously application of potash fertilizer, fertilizer K
2the pure amount of O is: 27-45 kilogram/hectare.
Further, use potassium chloride fertilizer 45-75 kilogram/hectare at Chinese milk vetch Seedling Stage, spraying 1-2 concentration is 0.1-0.15% borax soln and 0.05% ammonium molybdate solution.
Further, transplant first 15 days by described Chinese milk vetch green manure also field in early rice, the Chinese milk vetch of plantation is directly ploughed also field; Wherein, the fresh grass of Chinese milk vetch is 22500 kilograms/hectare.
Further, described Chinese milk vetch is made green manure also behind field, execute superphosphate or 300 ~ 450 kilograms/hectare, fused calcium magnesium phosphate; If content of organic matter <15mg/kg in paddy soil, total nitrogen content <0.75g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen <5mg/kg, then impose urea 10-15 kilogram/hectare again.
Further, the method for planting described Chinese milk vetch is: within first 10 days, carry out draining dry field in rice harves; Plant in 2-3 days after paddy rice harvesting, seeding quantity 30-37.5 kilogram/hectare; Wherein, ditch one every 2.6m, the wide 2.5m of furrow, ditch depth 20-30cm, furrow width 10-15cm; Face, field should be kept during sowing moistening or have the thin water layer of 1-2cm.
Further, described step 1) in, adopt the livestock and poultry muck or farmers' farmyard manure 15000-22500 kilogram/hectare that become thoroughly decomposed, or mushroom slag 1500-3000 kilogram/hectare is directly used as base manure.
An improvement method for the organic slaking in yellow mud field, for semilate rice or late rice season rice field, the steps include:
1) adopt early rice straw original position direct returning to farmland, or execute livestock and poultry muck and carry out soil-ripening;
2) lift-augmented mechanism, regulates stalk C/N ratio to 20:1-30:1;
3) sow first 20 days at semilate rice or late rice, execute decomposed manure 15000 ~ 22500 kilograms/hectare or mushroom slag 1500-3000
Kilogram/hectare;
4) after semilate rice or late rice transplant 3 ~ 4 days, light drainage ventilation is carried out, and then rehydration;
Further, the method for described employing early rice straw original position direct returning to farmland is: when paddy machinery gathers in directly by crushed stalk 5-10cm, chopping and returning quantity is 2/3, then ploughs under underground 10-20cm; Described step 1) in, adopt the livestock and poultry muck or farmers' farmyard manure 15000-22500 kilogram/hectare that become thoroughly decomposed, or mushroom slag 1500-3000 kilogram/hectare is directly used as base manure.
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is:
1) in Hubei, the organic vegetable soil improving technology demonstration in the Zhejiang two province yellow mud field of carrying out, do not improve soil and compare with contrasting, rice yield 1500-2610 kilogram/hectare can be improved, average volume increase 1788 kilograms/hectare, rice yield rate of growth is 11-34%, average rate of growth 23%; Demonstration effect is shown in full edition 1.
2) this improvement method improves soil structure, reduces the bulk density of soil, improves Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils, and have impact on structure of community and the soil enzyme activities of edaphon.
Table 1 yellow mud field low yield paddy soil improving technology demonstration overview and effect
Embodiment
An improvement method for the organic slaking in yellow mud field, its concrete grammar is:
Early rice adopts Chinese milk vetch also field, joins application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer; Semilate rice and late rice use livestock and poultry muck or straw-returning.
Plantation Chinese milk vetch, for as green manure also field, use base manure, use phosphate fertilizer (pure P
2o
5) 36 kilograms/hectare, potash fertilizer (pure K
2o) 45-54 kilogram/hectare, rear sowing is executed.
Green manure Chinese milk vetch in autumn suit measures to local conditions sowing, mid-September-early October sowing Chinese milk vetch green forage yield the highest.
If plantation semilate rice or late rice, at middle later-period explosive row interplant, prior to seeding, field surrounding will dig trenches to drain the water away, and keeps ground moistening or has 1-2cm thin water layer during sowing Chinese milk vetch, after major part seed germination, keep field moistening, must guard against ponding more than more than 24 hours, rice harves keeps soil dry and comfortable for first 10 days, prevent rotten field from gathering in, step on bad Chinese milk vetch seedling; General Chinese milk vetch and the late rice symbiosis phase more suitable at 25 days.Double-ridged horn intercropping Chinese milk vetch seeding quantity is 22.5-30 kilogram/hectare.
If do not plant semilate rice or late rice, namely in the area of the plantation single cropping rice, carry out mechanical no-tillage and direct-seeding, can select rape direct seeder tool, collection trench digging, sowing, covering integration, should carry out in 2-3 days after paddy rice harvesting, big machinery ditches one every 2.6m, the wide 2.5m of furrow, ditch depth 20-30cm, furrow width 10-15cm.Machinery no-tillage and direct-seeding takes drilling, within first 10 days, carries out draining dry field in rice harves, and when reaching rice harves, pin is stepped on substantially without trace.Single cropping rice field its seeding quantity 30-37.5 kilogram/hectare is advisable.Face, field should be kept during sowing moistening or have the thin water layer of 1-2cm, accomplish that Bao Shui sows, swollen seed draining, see that bud falls dry, moisteningly to take root.
(the pure amount of fertilizer N is: 6.9-10.35 kilogram/hectare to use urea 15-22.5 kilogram/hectare in the Chinese milk vetch rough leaf phase, other nitrogen fertilizer can calculate according to its content), can promote that the formation of root nodule and Chinese milk vetch are grown; Use potassium chloride fertilizer 45-75 kilogram of/hectare (fertilizer K simultaneously
2the pure amount of O is: 27-45 kilogram/hectare).
In mid-February to early March Chinese milk vetch growth animated period, 37.5-75 kilogram/hectare, applied nitrogen urea (the pure amount of fertilizer N is 17.25-34.5 kilogram/hectare).
For morning rice field improvement, mid-November Chinese milk vetch use potassium chloride fertilizer (45-75 kilogram/hectare) seedling stage.Spraying 1-2 concentration is 0.1-0.15% borax (boric acid) solution and 0.05% ammonium molybdate solution, can obviously increase Chinese milk vetch green forage yield.
Transplant first 15 days in early rice, the Chinese milk vetch of plantation is directly ploughed also field, consumption is fresh careless 22500 kilograms/hectare and is advisable.
Make green manure also behind field in Chinese milk vetch, execute superphosphate or 300 kilograms/hectare, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, on the soil of scarce phosphorus, its amount of application can be increased to 450 kilograms/hectare; If soil fertility of paddy field is on the low side (soil organic matter content <15mg/kg, total nitrogen content <0.75g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen <5mg/kg), suitably urea 10-15 kilogram/hectare can be imposed again.
For semilate rice and late rice, adopt straw-returning to join and execute livestock and poultry muck and carry out soil-ripening.
Adopt early rice original position direct returning to farmland in double rice cropping system, directly by crushed stalk 5-10cm during paddy machinery harvesting, chopping and returning quantity generally to go back field 2/3 best results, then ploughs under underground 10-20cm;
Straw incorporation will combine with lift-augmented mechanism, the C/N ratio that organic matter is suitable for microbial decomposition utilization is approximately 25:1, and the actual C/N ratio of straw is 75:1, therefore, straw incorporation needs lift-augmented mechanism to regulate stalk C/N ratio to 20:1 to 30:1, is conducive to rice straw decomposition, alleviates the contradiction of striving nitrogen with seedling, want appropriate lift-augmented mechanism, enrich urea 10-15 kilogram/hectare;
To relative moisture be kept after straw-returning, after transplanting, want light drainage ventilation after 3-4 days, to be realized by paddy field drainage, and then rehydration, guarantee that rice seedling tillering stage of living is all dry wet;
At rice growing first 20 days, execute decomposed manure 15000 ~ 22500 kilograms/hectare or mushroom slag 1500-3000 kilogram/hectare;
Organic slaking also can adopt the livestock and poultry muck or farmers' farmyard manure 15000-22500 kilogram/hectare that become thoroughly decomposed, or mushroom slag 1500-3000 kilogram/hectare is directly used as base manure.
This technology is applicable to the low yield yellow mud Tian Dao districts, ground such as Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang and Jiangxi.
Claims (7)
1. an improvement method for the organic slaking in yellow mud field, for early rice season rice field, the steps include:
1) plant Chinese milk vetch, for as green manure also field, and join and execute inorganic fertilizer; Described Chinese milk vetch is made green manure also behind field, execute superphosphate or 300 ~ 450 kilograms/hectare, fused calcium magnesium phosphate; If content of organic matter <15mg/kg in paddy soil, total nitrogen content <0.75g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen <5mg/kg, then impose urea 10-15 kilogram/hectare again;
2) at Chinese milk vetch rough leaf phase applied nitrogen; Wherein, the pure amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is: 6.9-10.35 kilogram/hectare;
3) at Chinese milk vetch growth animated period applied nitrogen again; Wherein, the pure amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is: 17.25 ~ 34.5 kilograms/hectare;
4) Chinese milk vetch is done green manure also field, then use chemical fertilizer.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that joining the inorganic fertilizer executed is: phosphate fertilizer P
2o
536 kilograms/hectare, potash fertilizer K
2o45-54 kilogram/hectare.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, when the Chinese milk vetch rough leaf phase, using urea 15-22.5 kilogram/hectare, simultaneously application of potash fertilizer, fertilizer K
2the pure amount of O is: 27-45 kilogram/hectare.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that using potassium chloride fertilizer 45-75 kilogram/hectare at Chinese milk vetch Seedling Stage, and spraying 1-2 concentration is 0.1-0.15% borax soln and 0.05% ammonium molybdate solution.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that transplanting first 15 days by described Chinese milk vetch green manure also field in early rice, the Chinese milk vetch of plantation is directly ploughed also field; Wherein, the fresh grass of Chinese milk vetch is 22500 kilograms/hectare.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that the method for planting described Chinese milk vetch is: within first 10 days, carry out draining dry field in rice harves; Plant in 2-3 days after paddy rice harvesting, seeding quantity 30-37.5 kilogram/hectare; Wherein, ditch one every 2.6m, the wide 2.5m of furrow, ditch depth 20-30cm, furrow width 10-15cm; Face, field should be kept during sowing moistening or have the thin water layer of 1-2cm.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described step 1) in, adopt the livestock and poultry muck or farmers' farmyard manure 15000-22500 kilogram/hectare that become thoroughly decomposed, or mushroom slag 1500-3000 kilogram/hectare is directly used as base manure.
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| CN201510673002.1A CN105325089A (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Method for improving organic ripening of yellow-clayey field |
| CN201410356931.5A CN104145655B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | The improvement method of the organic slaking in a kind of yellow mud field |
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| CN201510673002.1A Pending CN105325089A (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Method for improving organic ripening of yellow-clayey field |
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| CN105075445A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-11-25 | 秦道安 | Soil improvement method of yellow soil and red sand stone |
| CN113243267A (en) * | 2021-06-19 | 2021-08-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Production method for improving selenium content of rice |
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| SU1114362A1 (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-09-23 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Риса | Method of cultivating catch crops when growing rice |
| CN1706235A (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2005-12-14 | 倪惠学 | Fast soil fertility raising method |
| CN101438662B (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2011-06-08 | 重庆市南川区富民科技推广中心 | Method for planting wide-row non-ploughing direct-seeding high-yield rape |
| CN101731093A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2010-06-16 | 四川农业大学 | Water-fertilizer conditioning method for rice straw mulching and returning in wheat season |
| CN102422734A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-04-25 | 浙江大学 | Method for utilizing rice straws charring return to improve rice paddy field soil |
| CN103626536B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-09-30 | 浙江大学 | To foster and apply fertilizer the also fast rotten treatment process of field stalk in low yield yellow mud field, double rice cropping system, Central China |
| CN103651029B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-04-13 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of management method utilizing bacterium slag to improve rice yield and/or rice matter |
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| CN104145655A (en) | 2014-11-19 |
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