CN104145556A - Carclazyte soil improvement method - Google Patents
Carclazyte soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104145556A CN104145556A CN201410400542.8A CN201410400542A CN104145556A CN 104145556 A CN104145556 A CN 104145556A CN 201410400542 A CN201410400542 A CN 201410400542A CN 104145556 A CN104145556 A CN 104145556A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a whitish soil improvement method. The method includes the steps that (1) rice straw returning or wheat straw returning is conducted on carclazyte soil; (2) after straw returning is conducted, organic fertilizer is applied in a combined mode, and nitrogenous fertilizer is added to adjust the C/N ratio of straw to range from 20:1 to 30:1; (3) deep tillage is conducted on the soil to enable silt on the surface of the soil and heavy loess at the bottom to be blended fully; (4) after deep tillage is conducted on the soil, irrigation field retting is conducted; (5) after deep tillage and field retting are conducted on the soil, rice base fertilizer is applied; (6) the steps are repeated many times, and the depth of deep tillage is increased year by year every time deep tillage is conducted. According to the method, the rice per unit yield and soil fertility are improved, the soil structure is improved, the cation exchange capacity of the soil is improved, and the community structure of soil microorganisms and the soil enzyme activity are affected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of improvement method of low yield paddy soil carclazyte soil, belongs to soil melioration recovery technique field.
Background technology
Paddy soil is the most important soil cultivation type of south China, early eighties, and low yield paddy soil accounts for 26% of the gross area.By soil melioration, improving low yield Paddy Soil Productivity is to ensure one of national food security-critical measure.Carclazyte is the important low yield paddy soil soil types of China's Yangze river and Huai river and Taihu Lake basin one class, at China's distribution area, is about 66743 hectares.Carclazyte is that water is ploughed in oxidoreduction layer due to strong clay machinery drip washing and the eluviation of active ferrimanganic occurring, and form one deck and there is the more shallow gray of color, water greyish white or shallow white soil layer is ploughed Anthrosol.The sectional of carclazyte mainly comprises: 1) carclazyte soil profile generation configuration is generally A-P-E-C; 2) have the albic horizon of obvious 10-20cm, soil body gray, canescence, have a small amount of iron rust line, rust staining, and clay content is few simultaneously, and coarse dust content is high, soil body consolidation.The soil characteristics that carclazyte is main: the matrix precipitation process of geologic process; Water is ploughed under artificial action, and clay drip washing and the ferrimanganic reduction leaching process of intensity occurs.The rinsing of carclazyte soil is serious, nutrient dificiency, topsoil is shallow, physical behavior is bad is its main production restriction factor (list of references: Pan Genxing, Huang Rui adopts, Ding Ruixing, waits .1995. Huaibei white muddy soil to grow in late quaternary paleogeography environmental change. quaternary research, 3:249-257; Xiong Guan front yard .2009. carclazyte low yield reason and improvement measures for building. Anhui agronomy circular, 15 (11), 99).
The domestic existing a large amount of reports of method of relevant carclazyte characteristic research and improvement.Subsoiling, deep fertilizer spraying can reduce the carclazyte topsoil degree of packing, improve topsoil air capacity of soils and nutrient content, strengthen soil microbial activities, for carclazyte is created good physico chemical factor (list of references: Zhao Yuping to optimum soil ecosystem evolution, Xia Rongji, Shang Zhanguo, waits the effect pre-test of .1990. integrated agriculture measure improvement white muddy soil. Beijing Agricultural University's journal, 16:71-77; Ke Jianguo, the effect study that flies .1998. deep ploughing improvement white muddy soil is built in land. Yangzhou University's journal. and natural science edition, 1 (3): 47-49).Organic-inorganic measures for building can suppress slightly solubility and close the formation of holding state phosphorus, improve the validity (list of references: Li Fayun of soil phophorus, high sub diligent .1999. white muddy soil-botanical system nutriment is shifted to new management mechanisms and study on the efficiency II. white muddy soil Forms of Inorganic Phosphorus changes. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 10 (4): 419-422), improve the water retention property (list of references: Wang Jianfei of carclazyte, Li Fenru, the water retention characteristic of gold Desheng .2002. yellowish-white soil and use the effect study of organic materials. water and soil conservation journal, 16 (2): 133-135) and biological activity of soil (list of references: Wu Zhijie, Ding Qingtang, in Deqing, Deng .1995., use organic materials and the research of subsoiling to improvement white muddy soil white slurry layer effect. soil circular, 26 (6): 250-252).The little equality of Zhu (list of references: Zhu little Ping, Wang Yi Ping, Cao Cuiyu, research Deng .1995. white muddy soil phosphorus and zinc. Agricultural University Of Nanjing's journal, 18 (2): 69-73) to carclazyte phosphorus and zinc, research shows, increasing the p application rate has reduced the validity of zinc in soil, while using phosphate fertilizer in a large number in farmland, clay zone, must enrich zinc fertilizer.Wang Jiansheng etc. (Wang Mingde, waits the research of winter wheat potassium effect on the carclazyte of .1998. Liyang for list of references: Wang Jiansheng, Huang Fuzheng. soil, and 4:194-197) research shows, and carclazyte is low for potassium capability, and executing potassium can effectively increase wheat season grain yield.(the list of references: Wu Pingping such as Wu Pingping, Wang Jiajia, Lee records carclazyte rice yield and Nutrient Absorption amount under the different farming and fertilizer modes of .2014. of a specified duration. plant nutrition and fertilizer journal, 20 (3): 754-760) research shows, the applying more organic manure after 20cm of turning on carclazyte rice field, in improving carclazyte topsoil soils physicochemical character, can promote Nutrient Absorption and improve rice yield.
Along with China farmland using in a large number of chemical fertilizer in recent years, great changes will take place for farmland nutrient (Gao Xiangzhao etc., 2001).Straw-returning is the important measures of improvement carclazyte, and at present existing relevant carclazyte improvement method is only confined to the application of single measure, and the effect of the integrated and integrated application of multiple ameliorative measure has no report.Deep ploughing in conjunction with straw-returning, regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio, apply decomposing microbial inoculum and enrich the measure integrated applications such as organic and inorganic fertilizer, carclazyte is had to good improved effect, can significantly improve soil quality, increase soil fertility, improve rice yield.
For overcoming the above problems, the present invention proposes a kind of synthesis improvement method of carclazyte.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improvement method of carclazyte soil.By carclazyte is improved, thus the rice yield of raising low yield paddy soil carclazyte.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
An improvement method for carclazyte soil, the steps include:
1) carclazyte soil is carried out to rice straw also field or wheat stalk returning;
2) after straw-returning, join organic fertilizer, and enrich nitrogenous fertilizer adjusting stalk C/N ratio to 20:1 to 30:1;
3) soil is ploughed deeply, the flour sand of upper soll layer and the sticky heavy loess of bottom are fully admixed;
4) after soil is ploughed deeply, the waterlogged plot of pouring water;
5) soil is ploughed deeply after waterlogged plot, uses rice basal fertilizer;
6) repeat above-mentioned steps repeatedly, while ploughing deeply at every turn, plough deeply the degree of depth and deepen year by year.
Further, described step 1) carry out rice straw also when field or wheat stalk returning, join and execute the agent of stalk quick composting.
Further, described rice straw also field method is: by rice straw high-stubble, go back the 50-60% that stalk quantity accounts for Culm of Rice total amount; Or by rice straw chopping and returning, also field amount is 2/3 of rice straw total amount.
Further, carry out described rice straw also the method for field or wheat stalk returning be: by crushed stalk length 5-10cm, shed evenly; The degree of depth of ploughing 18-20 centimetre, button is turned up soil tight, more than stalk more than 90% is buckled into underground degree of depth 10cm.
Further, also the time of field or wheat stalk returning is to carry out described rice straw: in double rice cropping system, adopt early rice original position direct returning to farmland, and practicable after harvesting; Dao Mai crop rotation district, non-tillage field or plough the field of kind of wheat, uses sufficient base manure, broadcasts rear herbicide spraying and gets final product straw-returning; Triple-cropping system rice field, sprinkles evenly returning by straw after early rice threshing.
Further, plough deeply the degree of depth and deepen year by year 2-3cm, total ploughing depth is no more than 20cm.
Further, described step 4) the field face depth of water is advisable with 3-5cm during waterlogged plot.
Further, described step 5) soil was ploughed deeply after waterlogged plot 2-3 days, used rice basal fertilizer; Wherein, in nitrogenous fertilizer N pure be 90-105kg/hm
2, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5pure is 60-75kg/hm
2, K in potash fertilizer
2o is pure is 37.5-45kg/hm
2.
Further, rice at whole growth periods fertilizer amount is the pure 165-225kg/hm of being of N in nitrogenous fertilizer
2, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5pure is 60-75kg/hm
2, K in potash fertilizer
2o is pure is 75-90kg/hm
2, the base manure in applied nitrogen base tiller ear manuer: tillering fertilizer: the ratio of ear manuer is 50:20:30, to use phosphate fertilizer base and execute, potash fertilizer base manure and the jointing of using 1:1 ratio are fertile.
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is:
1) in Anhui, the carclazyte soil melioration show-how carried out of Jiangsu two provinces, do not improve soil comparison with contrasting, can improve rice yield, rice yield increases production about 1545-2371kg/hm
2, on average increase production 1700kg/hm
2; Amount of increase in production is 16.6-30%, and average amount of increase in production is 23.7%.Demonstration effect is shown in full edition 1.
2) this improvement method has improved soil fertility, has improved soil structure, improves Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils, and has affected structure of community and the soil enzyme activities of edaphon.
Table 1 low yield paddy soil carclazyte improving technology demonstration overview and effect
Embodiment
An improvement method for carclazyte soil, its concrete grammar is:
1) also field or wheat stalk returning mode of rice straw.Rice straw also field can be adopted in two ways: the first: high-stubble is field also.Refer to the high stubble harvesting of the straight time receiving employing of paddy machinery, the high 30-40cm of stubble, then ploughs under rice stubble underground 10-20cm; The second: straw chopping and returning.The straight time receiving of paddy machinery, directly by crushed stalk 5-10cm, is then ploughed under underground 10-20cm.The method of wheat stalk returning is: after wheat maturation at the beginning of annual late May to 6 month, use the combine getting wheat with cutter sweep, wheat stalk is cut to 5-10cm length simultaneously, the arrish height of reservation is no more than 12cm; Also can before kind of rice, add the wheat straw returning improvement carclazyte in strange land;
2) straw-returning quantity.Rice straw high-stubble, goes back the 50-60% that stalk quantity accounts for Culm of Rice total amount, and chopping and returning, generally to go back field 2/3 best results, also can all be gone back field.The general total crop return of wheat stalk, while going back field, spreads fertilizer over the fields wheat stalk evenly and spreads out with farm implements, avoids in heaps and turns under plow layer.Depending on growing way, also measure at 3000-4500kg/hm in field
2left and right; Join simultaneously and execute stalk quick composting agent 33kg/hm
2, when amount is few, can mix fine earth, evenly generally spread fertilizer over the fields on wheat straw comprehensively;
3) straw-returning specification requirement.(1) crushed stalk length 5-10cm, sheds evenly; (2) degree of depth 18-20 centimetre that ploughs, button is turned up soil tight, more than stalk more than 90% is buckled into underground degree of depth 10cm; (3) stalk that high-stubble also will not pulverized shelling during field cleans out, and is strictly on guard against that while ploughing, to drag heap, button to turn up soil not tight, the impact quality of ploughing.
4) the straw-returning time.In double rice cropping system, adopting early rice original position direct returning to farmland, is also field of practicable rice straw after harvesting; When southwestern rice district mid or late August paddy rice harvesting, straw is spread and be laid on field face or stay high stubble 30-40cm to plough and bury in time; Dao Mai crop rotation district, non-tillage field or plough the field of kind of wheat, uses sufficient base manure, broadcasts rear herbicide spraying and can cover also field of rice straw; Triple-cropping system rice field, can sprinkle evenly returning by straw after early rice threshing.After straw-returning, to keep relative moisture, 3-4 days after transplanting will be frivolous water ventilation, and then rehydration, guarantees that rice seedling tillering stage of living is all dry wet.
5) straw incorporation will with enrich nitrogenous fertilizer and combine, the C/N ratio that organic matter is suitable for microorganism decomposition utilization is approximately 25:1, and the actual C/N ratio of straw is 75:1, therefore, straw incorporation need to enrich nitrogenous fertilizer and regulate stalk C/N ratio to 20:1 to 30:1, is conducive to rice straw decomposition, alleviates the contradiction of striving nitrogen with seedling, to enrich in right amount nitrogenous fertilizer, enrich urea 10-15 kilogram/hectare; After wheat direct returning to farmland, enrich into chemical nitrogen fertilizer (purity nitrogen N) 15-30kg/hm
2, amount to urea about 30-75kg/hm
2or carbonic hydroammonium 75-150kg/hm
2;
6) at wheat or rice straw, also join organic fertilizer during field, join simultaneously execute the fertilizer fertilizing soil fully becoming thoroughly decomposed before soil is ploughed deeply, amount of application is high-quality fertilizer 1500-2250kg/hm
2.
7) after application of organic fertilizers, soil to be ploughed deeply, the machinery of ploughing deeply plough with band turns over plough the sticky earth below topsoil and comes up, and the flour sand on top layer and the sticky heavy loess of bottom are fully admixed.
Deepening plow layer will carry out year by year, at every turn can not be excessive, with 2-3cm, to be advisable, and total ploughing depth is no more than 20cm, avoids rolling up the immature soil coming too much.Plough deeply and need carry out continuously 3 years, within the 1st year, turn over about 14cm left and right, the 2nd year needs are turned over about 17cm, and the 3rd year needs are turned over about 20cm.It should be noted that: the new soil of bottom of newly ploughing deeply up will fully mix with top layer flour sand, and the soil newly turning over is fully blended in plow layer, and plough and thoroughly harrow carefully;
8) after soil is ploughed deeply, the waterlogged plot of pouring water, promotes that wheat stalk rots to degrade, and during straw-returning waterlogged plot, the field face depth of water is advisable with 3-5cm;
9) rice at whole growth periods fertilizer amount is nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 165-225kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer (pure P
2o
5) 60-75kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer (pure K
2o) 75-90kg/hm
2, (base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer) ratio is 50:20:30, and phosphate fertilizer applies as base manure, potash fertilizer respectively accounts for 50% ratio as base manure and jointing fertilizer and applies nitrogenous fertilizer base tiller ear manuer.Soil was ploughed deeply after waterlogged plot 2-3 days, used rice basal fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 90-105kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer (pure P
2o
5) 60-75kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer (pure K
2o) 37.5-45kg/hm
2, whole ground, transplant one season semilate rice.
This technology is applicable to the carclazyte paddy field of the provinces such as Anhui, single cropping rice district, Central China, Jiangsu, Hubei and Zhejiang.
Claims (9)
1. an improvement method for carclazyte soil, the steps include:
1) carclazyte soil is carried out to rice straw also field or wheat stalk returning;
2) after straw-returning, join organic fertilizer, and enrich nitrogenous fertilizer adjusting stalk C/N ratio to 20:1 to 30:1;
3) soil is ploughed deeply, the flour sand of upper soll layer and the sticky heavy loess of bottom are fully admixed;
4) after soil is ploughed deeply, the waterlogged plot of pouring water;
5) soil is ploughed deeply after waterlogged plot, uses rice basal fertilizer;
6) repeat above-mentioned steps repeatedly, while ploughing deeply at every turn, plough deeply the degree of depth and deepen year by year.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described step 1) carry out rice straw also when field or wheat stalk returning, join and execute the agent of stalk quick composting.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described rice straw also field method be: by rice straw high-stubble, go back the 50-60% that stalk quantity accounts for Culm of Rice total amount; Or by rice straw chopping and returning, also field amount is 2/3 of rice straw total amount.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that carrying out described rice straw also the method for field or wheat stalk returning be: by crushed stalk length 5-10cm, shed evenly; The degree of depth of ploughing 18-20 centimetre, button is turned up soil tight, more than stalk more than 90% is buckled into underground degree of depth 10cm.
5. method as claimed in claim 3, also the time of field or wheat stalk returning is to it is characterized in that carrying out described rice straw: in double rice cropping system, adopt early rice original position direct returning to farmland, practicable after harvesting; Dao Mai crop rotation district, non-tillage field or plough the field of kind of wheat, uses sufficient base manure, broadcasts rear herbicide spraying and gets final product straw-returning; Triple-cropping system rice field, sprinkles evenly returning by straw after early rice threshing.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that ploughing deeply the degree of depth and deepens year by year 2-3cm, and total ploughing depth is no more than 20cm.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described step 4) the field face depth of water is advisable with 3-5cm during waterlogged plot.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described step 5) soil ploughs deeply after waterlogged plot 2-3 days, uses rice basal fertilizer; Wherein, in nitrogenous fertilizer N pure be 90-105kg/hm
2, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5pure is 60-75kg/hm
2, K in potash fertilizer
2o is pure is 37.5-45kg/hm
2.
9. the method as described in claim 1 or 8, is characterized in that rice at whole growth periods fertilizer amount is the pure 165-225kg/hm of being of N in nitrogenous fertilizer
2, P in phosphate fertilizer
2o
5pure is 60-75kg/hm
2, K in potash fertilizer
2o is pure is 75-90kg/hm
2, the base manure in applied nitrogen base tiller ear manuer: tillering fertilizer: the ratio of ear manuer is 50:20:30, to use phosphate fertilizer base and execute, potash fertilizer base manure and the jointing of using 1:1 ratio are fertile.
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Application publication date: 20141119 |