CN105247991A - Regulation and control method of crop root domain soil - Google Patents
Regulation and control method of crop root domain soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105247991A CN105247991A CN201510635860.7A CN201510635860A CN105247991A CN 105247991 A CN105247991 A CN 105247991A CN 201510635860 A CN201510635860 A CN 201510635860A CN 105247991 A CN105247991 A CN 105247991A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a regulation and control method of crop root domain soil. The method comprises eight parts including planning a crop layout, determining a cultivation area, determining an application amount of a fertilizer formula, determining an application amount of fine sand or clay, determining an application amount and an application method of straw, determining an application amount of a soil water-retaining agent and the like. According to the method, a major area where the root system of crops grow and are distributed in a farmland are planned as a regulation and control area, and other areas are planned as non-regulation-and-control areas. Such measures as cultivation, sawing, fertilizing and the like are taken in the regulation and control area for improving the soil quality of the regulation and control area, and the non-regulation-and-control areas are unprocessed. The cultivation, a fertilizer, alien earth and the water-retaining agent are applied to the soil of the regulation and control area in a concentrated mode, the soil quality of the regulation and control area is improved, the validity of the fertilizer is improved, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the per unit area yield of crops is maintained or improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural, forestry and horticultural production technical field, be specifically related to a kind of regulate and control method of Crop Root region soil.
Background technology
Soil be crops rely growth basis, in the variable effect soil of Physical Properties of The Tilth Soil water infiltration and flowing, gas spread, mineralization process, biomass, enzymic activity and process of crop growth.Soil control technique affects plant growth by regulation and control soil environment to a great extent, and regulate and control method rationally will continue to improve agricultural land soil fertility, increases crop yield, and can prevent farmland water and soil loss; The unreasonable soil quality that will cause of regulate and control method continues deterioration, reduces the utilization ratio of soil moisture and fertilizer, causes crop failure.In recent years, rotary tillage technology, due to low cost, obtains large-area promotion and application in China Huang-Huai-Hai, replaces animal power and tractor gradually and to turn over technology.Meanwhile, along with the diversification of farmers' income, the attention degree of peasant to agricultural production reduces increasingly, and the measure such as past applications of farmyard manure, green manuring, crop rotation, soil moved in improve the original improvement has been difficult to see.But such Soil suppressiveness can bring that agricultural land soil hardens, tillage pan moves, degradation problem under soil organic matter content, causes agricultural land soil quality degradation.This problem is mainly manifested in low and restricted two aspects of plant growth of fertilizer utilization efficiency: one is the fertilizer efficiency that agricultural land soil quality degradation can reduce fertilizer in farmland, concrete manifestation is the utilization ratio continuous decrease of fertilizer in China farmland, the current short-commons 19kg in China's per kilogram chemical fertilizer production, and this benefit just declines with the speed of annual 1kg.Two is the stretching, extension of restriction maize root system in soil of agricultural land soil quality degradation and lower bundle, and Root Absorption nutrition scope reduces, and easily causes lodging and the early ageing of corn.The investigation of National modern Maize Industry technical system in 2008 finds the problems such as China's farmland ubiquity soil plough horizon shoals, structure consolidation, effectively soil quantity are few, these problems can cause agricultural land soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat supply inharmonious, and restriction crop root growth is grown.Therefore, develop a kind ofly can alleviate agricultural land soil quality degradation problem, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, to reduce the Management of Field Soil technology of fertilizer amount most important for the target of sustainable development realizing China's agricultural.
Under current agricultural production conditions, the method alleviating assessing index problem mainly contains the measures such as applying fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, farming, soil moved in improve the original, stalk and water-loss reducer of soil.Both at home and abroad with monoblock farmland for the research of object exploitation soil quality control technique is more, substantially specify that the methods of cultivation and straw-returning are alleviating the merits and demerits in assessing index.But these researchs all effectively can not alleviate the negative effect of assessing index to utilization rate of fertilizer.This is because assessing index restriction Maize Roots, root amount reduces and root system extending range reduces the ability reducing Maize Absorption soil nutrient, finally shows as fertilizer utilization efficiency and declines and fertilizing amount increase.Therefore, under current agricultural land soil quality requirements, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and reduce rate of fertilizer, being necessary for corn growth and building a high-quality rhizosphere soil.And traditional agricultural production thinking, be all for regulation and control object with monoblock farmland.As the measures such as material and farming such as applying fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, soil moved in improve the original, water-loss reducer of soil consumption all can contain monoblock farmland, and such way can reduce the validity of measures.Because the distributing inhomogeneity of crop root in agricultural land soil, namely in farmland, the contribution of the Soil On Crop Growth of zones of different is different.Therefore, the materials such as fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and soil moved in improve the original are put on monoblock farmland can reduce its validity.
In sum, for the series of problems that current agricultural land soil quality degradation brings, go back neither one at present and effectively can improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the soil control technique of rate of fertilizer.Agricultural land soil is divided into root of the crop region soil and non-root region soil by the present invention, farming, fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, stalk and water-loss reducer of soil are accurately rendered in root of the crop region soil, strong maize root system is cultivated by improving root of the crop region soil quality, utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, the final object realizing reduction fertilizer amount by strong maize root system and powerful soil fertilizer ability.Meanwhile, relatively little root of the crop region soil region also makes to reduce fertilizer amount becomes possibility.
Summary of the invention
There is provided a kind of regulate and control method of Crop Root region soil to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention can be alleviated current agricultural land soil and to degenerate the problem that the fertilizer utilization efficiency that brings declines, and is applicable to field crop production field.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of regulate and control method of Crop Root region soil, comprise the steps:
(1) straw-returning is after preceding crop results, is smashed by stalk and is laid in monoblock farmland surface;
(2) control region and non-control region is cooked up in farmland
A. plan crop allocation: according to the crop varieties selected, according to the planting density of suggestion, calculate plant spacing in the rows;
B. root of the crop region soil control region and non-control region is determined:
Using the width of plant behavior center line, left and right be respectively 5 ~ 15cm, the degree of depth be 20 ~ 30cm as control region, the soil region beyond control region is non-control region; Crop-planting is in control region;
(3) the stalk returning in control region, control region Soil tillage is that the stalk of control region soil surface is mixed into soil, also as required, can increase or reduce the consumption of stalk in control region soil; Non-control region straw mulching and returning; The consumption of fertilizer and the consumption of agricultural chemicals are all determined according to production custom or recommendation consumption, and agricultural chemicals and fertilizer all impose in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
(4) if agricultural land soil is too glutinous, the soil particle content that namely particle diameter is less than 0.002mm is greater than 25wt%, and need to mix sand in farmland, the custom consumption of every mu is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres; If soil is sand ground, namely particle diameter is greater than 55wt% between the soil particle content of 2 ~ 0.02mm, and easily leak Lou fertile, need to mix clay inside sand ground, the custom consumption of every mu is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres; First by sand or clay, be sprinkling upon control region soil surface, be mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
(5) consumption of water-loss reducer of soil is 7 ~ 10 kilograms every mu, first water-loss reducer is sprinkling upon control region soil surface, is mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming; Other plantation index all conveniently implantation methods is carried out;
(6) sow: the center line of control region be exactly plant row to, sow crop seed along center line every 15 ~ 30cm;
(7) after sowing work completes, water cover-head water, other field management measure is consistent with general crop field management method.
Straw-returning is mainly determined the also field amount of stalk and is gone back field method.Generally stalk is total crop return, also can increase or reduce the amount of stalk.Because with worm's ovum and germ on stalk, consider the factors such as damage by disease and insect, also a certain amount of agricultural chemicals to be sprayed on stalk before field.Also field method can adopt returning or mulching and returning.If stalk will be laid in control region soil surface by returning before farming, if stalk then should be laid in control region soil surface by mulching and returning after farming.
According to the farming of agricultural land soil feature, fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, stalk and water-loss reducer of soil, control region soil is processed, but not control region soil is reserved does not out process.Described soil moved in improve the original refers generally to sand or clay.
Need to measure soil nutrient content according to actual farming: the amount of nutrients required for corn growth, calculate the amount needing the fertilizer used, then be converted to the consumption of the straight fertilizers such as urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, just can apply after the mixing of these fertilizer in control region soil in conjunction with farming.
If above-mentioned material, with automatic fertilization, device for administration of drugs, also can be contained on tractor, mix up blanking velocity, along with these materials of carrying out of farming will be mixed in control region soil uniformly by tillage machinery.
Select suitable tillage method according to agricultural land soil feature and local climate condition, tillage method is rotary tillage, shallowly turns over or plough deeply cultivated.
Described fertilizer be in urea, carbon ammonium, MAP, diammonium phosphate, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, organic manure, microbial manure, composite fertilizer and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer one or more.
According to soil damage by disease and insect occurrence characteristic determination formulation of pesticide and consumption, described agricultural chemicals be Nemacur, methyl different sulphur phosphorus, phoxim, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, quicklime and evil frost phonetic copper bacterium ester in one or more.
Determine whether to use water-loss reducer of soil, fine sand, clay and consumption thereof according to soil texture feature.
The method is applicable to corn, cotton and tobacco.
compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention has the rate of fertilizer reduced in crop production process, improves the features such as fertilizer utilization, is specially adapted to field crop.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but does not limit content of the present invention:
embodiment 1
Be applicable to a regulate and control method for Zheng Dan 958 Maize Production rhizosphere soil, comprise the steps:
(1) straw-returning is after preceding crop results, is smashed by stalk and is laid in monoblock farmland surface;
(2) control region and non-control region is cooked up in farmland
A. plan the layout of corn in farmland: according to the corn variety selected, according to the planting density of suggestion, calculate the spacing in the rows of corn; Zheng Dan 958 advises that planting density is 4500 plants/acre, then can according to 667m
2(area of 0.07 hectare) ÷ (4500 (the strain number of every mu) × 0.6m(line-spacing))
B. corn root region soil control region and non-control region is determined:
Using the width of corn plants behavior center line, left and right be respectively 5 ~ 15cm, the degree of depth be 20 ~ 30cm as control region, the soil region beyond control region is non-control region; Corn planting is in control region;
(3) the stalk returning in control region, the stalk of control region combines to turn over and is mixed into soil, also as required, can increase or reduce the consumption of stalk in control region soil; Non-control region straw mulching and returning; The consumption of fertilizer and the consumption of agricultural chemicals are all determined according to production custom or recommendation consumption, and agricultural chemicals and fertilizer all impose in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
As corn is generally N:P at the fertilizer formula of Henan area
2o
5: K
2o=20:10:10, namely every mu with N20 kilogram, P
2o
510 kilograms, K
2o10 kilogram.Then convert the consumption of urea according to urea leaded wastewater 46%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate is containing P
2o
5amount 13% conversion fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption, potassium chloride is containing K
2o amount 50% conversion potassium chloride dosage; Also one bag, corn fertilizer every mu ground (80 or 100 jin) can directly be used; All chemical fertilizer can be mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
With reference to the specification of agricultural chemicals, the consumption of agricultural chemicals directly determines that the consumption of every mu is how many grams or how many milliliters; Concrete operations are the soil mixings by agricultural chemicals and 8 ~ 15 kilograms, are sprinkled upon control region soil surface, in conjunction with farming, all agricultural chemicals are mixed in control region soil;
(4) if agricultural land soil is too glutinous, the soil particle content that namely particle diameter is less than 0.002mm is greater than 25wt%, and need to mix sand in farmland, the custom consumption of every mu is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres; If soil is sand ground, namely particle diameter is greater than 55wt% between the soil particle content of 2 ~ 0.02mm, and easily leak Lou fertile, need to mix clay inside sand ground, the custom consumption of every mu is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres; First by sand or clay, be sprinkling upon control region soil surface, be mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
(5) consumption of water-loss reducer of soil is 7 ~ 10 kilograms every mu, first water-loss reducer is sprinkling upon control region soil surface, is mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming; Other plantation index all conveniently implantation methods is carried out;
(6) sow: the center line of control region be corn row to, along center line every 15 ~ 30cm seeding corn seed;
(7) after sowing work completes, water cover-head water, other field management measure is consistent with general corn field management method.
The method of above-mentioned corn crop rhizosphere soil regulation and control is used for field experiment, and result is as following table 1:
Straw-returning is mainly determined the also field amount of stalk and is gone back field method.Generally stalk is total crop return, also can increase or reduce the amount of stalk.Because with worm's ovum and germ on stalk, consider the factors such as damage by disease and insect, also a certain amount of agricultural chemicals to be sprayed on stalk before field.Also field method can adopt returning or mulching and returning.If stalk will be smashed by returning before farming be laid in control region soil surface, if stalk then should be laid in control region soil surface by mulching and returning after farming.
According to agricultural land soil feature fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, stalk and water-loss reducer of soil, control region soil is processed, but not control region soil is reserved does not out process.Described soil moved in improve the original refers generally to sand or clay.
Fertilizer formula and consumption is determined: the amount of nutrients required for corn growth and agricultural land soil fertility state according to production is actual, calculate the kind and consumption that need applying fertilizer, then be converted to the consumption of the straight fertilizers such as urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, just can apply after the mixing of these fertilizer in control region soil in conjunction with farming.
If above-mentioned material, with automatic fertilization, device for administration of drugs, also can be contained on tractor, mix up blanking velocity, along with these materials of carrying out of farming will be mixed in control region soil uniformly by tillage machinery.
Select suitable tillage method according to agricultural land soil feature and local climate condition, tillage method is rotary tillage, shallowly turns over or plough deeply cultivated.
Described fertilizer be in urea, carbon ammonium, MAP, diammonium phosphate, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, organic manure, microbial manure, composite fertilizer and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer one or more.
According to soil damage by disease and insect occurrence characteristic determination formulation of pesticide and consumption, described agricultural chemicals be Nemacur, methyl different sulphur phosphorus, phoxim, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, quicklime and evil frost phonetic copper bacterium ester in one or more.
Determine whether to use water-loss reducer of soil, fine sand, clay and consumption thereof according to soil texture feature.
embodiment 2
Be applicable to a regulate and control method for CCRI 50 Levant Cotton Root region soil, comprise the steps:
(1) straw-returning is after preceding crop results, is smashed by stalk and is laid in monoblock farmland surface;
(2) control region and non-control region is cooked up in farmland
A. plan the layout of cotton in farmland: according to the cotton variety selected, according to the planting density of suggestion, calculate the spacing in the rows of cotton; CCRI 50 advises that planting density is 5000 plants/acre, then can according to 667m
2(area of 0.07 hectare) ÷ (5000 (the strain number of every mu) × 0.6m(line-spacing))
B. Levant Cotton Root region soil control region and non-control region is determined:
Using cotton plant be center line, the width of left and right is respectively 5 ~ 15cm, the degree of depth be 20 ~ 30cm as control region, the soil region beyond control region is non-control region; Cotton planting is in control region;
(4) the stalk returning in control region, the stalk of control region combines to turn over and is mixed into soil, also as required, can increase or reduce the consumption of stalk in control region soil; Non-control region straw mulching and returning; The consumption of fertilizer and the consumption of agricultural chemicals are all determined according to production custom or recommendation consumption, and agricultural chemicals and fertilizer all impose in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
As cotton is generally N:P at the fertilizer formula of Henan area
2o
5: K
2o=20:6:15, namely every mu with N20 kilogram, P
2o
56 kilograms, K
2o15 kilogram.Then convert the consumption of urea according to urea leaded wastewater 46%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate is containing P
2o
5amount 13% conversion fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption, potassium chloride is containing K
2o amount 50% conversion potassium chloride dosage; Also one bag, fertilizer special for cotton every mu ground (80 or 100 jin) can directly be used; All chemical fertilizer can be mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
With reference to the specification of agricultural chemicals, the consumption of agricultural chemicals directly determines that the consumption of every mu is how many grams or how many milliliters; Concrete operations are the soil mixings by agricultural chemicals and 8 ~ 15 kilograms, are sprinkled upon control region soil surface, in conjunction with farming, all agricultural chemicals are mixed in control region soil;
(4) if agricultural land soil is too glutinous, the soil particle content that namely particle diameter is less than 0.002mm is greater than 25wt%, and need to mix sand in farmland, the custom consumption of every mu is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres; If soil is sand ground, namely particle diameter is greater than 55wt% between the soil particle content of 2 ~ 0.02mm, and easily leak Lou fertile, need to mix clay inside sand ground, the custom consumption of every mu is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres; First by sand or clay, be sprinkling upon control region soil surface, be mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
(5) consumption of water-loss reducer of soil is 7 ~ 10 kilograms every mu, first water-loss reducer is sprinkling upon control region soil surface, is mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming; Other plantation index all conveniently implantation methods is carried out;
(6) plant: the center line of control region be cotton row to, along center line every 15 ~ 30cm sowing cotton seed or the seedling transplanting cotton;
(7) after plantation work completes, water water extraction seedling, other field management measure is consistent with general Cotton Fields management method.
The method of above-mentioned cotton crop rhizosphere soil regulation and control is used for field experiment, and result is as following table 2:
Claims (7)
1. a regulate and control method for Crop Root region soil, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) straw-returning is after preceding crop results, is smashed by stalk and is laid in monoblock farmland surface;
(2) control region and non-control region is cooked up in farmland
A. plan crop allocation: according to the crop varieties selected, according to the planting density of suggestion, calculate plant spacing in the rows;
B. root of the crop region soil control region and non-control region is determined:
Using the width of plant behavior center line, left and right be respectively 5 ~ 15cm, the degree of depth be 20 ~ 30cm as control region, the soil region beyond control region is non-control region; Crop-planting is in control region;
(3) the stalk returning in control region, control region Soil tillage is that the stalk of control region soil surface is mixed into soil, also as required, can increase or reduce the consumption of stalk in control region soil, non-control region straw mulching and returning; The consumption of fertilizer and the consumption of agricultural chemicals are all determined according to production custom or recommendation consumption, and agricultural chemicals and fertilizer all impose in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
(4) if agricultural land soil is too glutinous
,namely the soil particle content that particle diameter is less than 0.002mm is greater than 25wt%, and need to mix sand in farmland, the custom consumption of every mu is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres; If soil is sand ground, namely particle diameter is greater than 55wt% between the soil particle content of 2 ~ 0.02mm, needs to mix clay inside sand ground, and the custom consumption of every mu is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres; First by sand or clay, be sprinkling upon control region soil surface, be mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming;
(5) consumption of water-loss reducer of soil is 7 ~ 10 kilograms every mu, first water-loss reducer is sprinkling upon control region soil surface, is mixed in control region soil in conjunction with farming; Other plantation index all conveniently implantation methods is carried out;
(6) sow: the center line of control region be exactly plant row to, sow crop seed along center line every 15 ~ 30cm;
(7) after sowing work completes, water cover-head water, other field management measure is consistent with general crop field management method.
2. the regulate and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: process control region soil according to agricultural land soil feature fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, stalk and water-loss reducer of soil, but not control region soil is reserved does not out process.
3. the regulate and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: select suitable tillage method according to agricultural land soil feature and local climate condition, and tillage method is rotary tillage, shallowly turns over or plough deeply cultivated.
4. the regulate and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fertilizer be in urea, carbon ammonium, MAP, diammonium phosphate, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, organic manure, microbial manure, composite fertilizer and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer one or more.
5. the regulate and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: according to soil damage by disease and insect occurrence characteristic determination formulation of pesticide and consumption, described agricultural chemicals be Nemacur, methyl different sulphur phosphorus, phoxim, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, quicklime and evil frost phonetic copper bacterium ester in one or more.
6. the regulate and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: determine whether to use water-loss reducer of soil, fine sand, clay and consumption thereof according to soil texture feature.
7. the regulate and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method is applicable to corn, cotton and tobacco.
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| CN112534984A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-23 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Method for improving soft clay into planting soil |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105247991B (en) | 2017-04-05 |
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