CN105247991B - A kind of regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil - Google Patents
A kind of regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil, the method includes planning crop allocation, determine cultivation area, determine fertilizer formula consumption, determine fine sand or clay consumption, determine straw consumption usage, determine 8 part such as water-loss reducer of soil consumption constitute.The main region of crop root growth distribution in farmland is planned to control region by the method, and other regional plannings are non-control region.The measures such as farming, sowing, fertilising are carried out in control region and improves control region soil quality, non-control region soil is left intact.Farming, fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, water-retaining agent are concentrated and are applied in the soil of control region by the present invention, improve control region soil quality, improve fertilizer effectiveness, reduce fertilizer amount, are maintained or are improved crop yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural, forestry and horticultural production technical field, and in particular to a kind of tune of Crop Root region soil
Prosecutor method.
Background technology
Soil is that crops are rely the basis of growth, the change of Physical Properties of The Tilth Soil affect the infiltration of water in soil with
Flowing, gas diffusion, mineralization process, biomass, enzymatic activity and process of crop growth.Soil control technique is to a great extent
By regulate and control soil environment affect plant growth, regulation and control method rationally will constantly improve agricultural land soil fertility, increase make produce
Amount, and it is prevented from farmland soil erosion；Regulation and control method is unreasonable will to cause soil quality to continue deterioration, reduce water in soil
Divide the utilization ratio with fertilizer, cause crop failure.In recent years, rotary tillage technology is due to low cost, in China Huang-Huai-Hai
Large-area promotion and application are obtained, gradually replaces animal power and tractor to turn over technology.Meanwhile, it is polynary with farmers' income
Change, peasant is reduced increasingly to the attention degree of agricultural production, past applications of farmyard manure, green manuring, crop rotation, soil moved in improve the original improvement
It has been difficult to see Deng measure.But, such Soil suppressiveness can bring that agricultural land soil is hardened, move on plough sole, soil
The problems such as content of organic matter declines, causes agricultural land soil quality degradation.The problem be mainly manifested in fertilizer utilization efficiency it is low and
Plant growth is restricted two aspects：One is the fertilizer efficiency that agricultural land soil quality degradation can reduce fertilizer in farmland, and concrete manifestation is
The utilization ratio continuous decrease of fertilizer in China farmland, currently in 19 kg of short-commons of China's per kilogram chemical fertilizer production, and is somebody's turn to do
Benefit is just declined with the speed of annual 1kg.Two be agricultural land soil quality degradation limit stretching, extension of the maize root system in soil and under
Prick, Root Absorption nutrition scope is reduced, and easily causes the lodging and senilism of Semen Maydiss.National modern Maize Industry skill in 2008
The investigation of art system finds the problems such as China's farmland generally existing soil plough horizon shoals, structure consolidation, effective soil quantity are few, this
A little problems can cause agricultural land soil water, fertilizer, air and heat supply uncoordinated, limit crop root growth development.Therefore, develop a kind of
Agricultural land soil quality degradation problem, the Management of Field Soil technology pair for improving utilization rate of fertilizer, reducing fertilizer amount can be alleviated
It is most important in the target of sustainable development for realizing China's agricultural.
Under current agricultural production conditions, alleviate assessing index problem method mainly have administration fertilizer, pesticide,
The measures such as farming, soil moved in improve the original, straw and water-loss reducer of soil.Soil quality control technique is developed by object of monoblock farmland both at home and abroad
Research is more, specify that substantially the merits and demerits of the methods of cultivation and straw-returning in terms of assessing index is alleviated.But,
Negative effect of the assessing index to utilization rate of fertilizer can not be effectively alleviated in these researchs.This is because assessing index
Maize Roots are limited, root amount is reduced and root system extending range reduces the ability for reducing Maize Absorption soil nutrient, final table
Now decline for fertilizer utilization efficiency and dose increases.Therefore, fertilizer utilization is improved under current agricultural land soil quality requirements
Rate and reduction rate of fertilizer, it is necessary to build a high-quality rhizosphere soil for corn growth.And traditional agricultural production is thought
Dimension, is with monoblock farmland as regulation and control object.The materials and farming etc. such as fertilizer, pesticide, soil moved in improve the original, water-loss reducer of soil consumption are applied such as
Monoblock farmland can be covered in measure, and such way can reduce the effectiveness of measures.Because crop root is in farmland soil
In distributing inhomogeneity in earth, i.e. farmland, the contribution of the Soil On Crop Growth of zones of different is different.Therefore, by fertilizer, pesticide
Put into the material such as soil moved in improve the original and can reduce on monoblock farmland its effectiveness.
In sum, the series of problems for bringing for current agricultural land soil quality degradation, there is presently no one can
Effectively improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the soil control technique of rate of fertilizer.Agricultural land soil is divided into crop by the present invention
Farming, fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, straw and water-loss reducer of soil are accurately rendered to root of the crop region soil by rhizosphere soil and non-root region soil
In, strong maize root system is cultivated by improving root of the crop region soil quality, by strong maize root system and powerful soil
Earth fertilizer-preserving ability improving utilization rate of fertilizer, the final purpose for realizing reducing fertilizer amount.Meanwhile, relatively small crop rhizosphere
Soil region also causes reduction fertilizer amount to be possibly realized.
The content of the invention
A kind of regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil is provided in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention can delay
Solve the problem of the fertilizer utilization efficiency decline that current agricultural land soil degeneration brings, it is adaptable to field crop production field.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
The invention provides a kind of regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil, comprises the steps：
（1）Straw-returning is, after preceding crop is harvested, straw to be smashed and is laid in monoblock farmland surface；
（2）Control region and non-control region are cooked up in farmland
A. plan crop allocation：According to the crop varieties for selecting, according to the planting density of suggestion, plant spacing in the rows is calculated；
B. root of the crop region soil control region and non-control region are determined：
Width using plant behavior center line, left and right is respectively 20 ~ 30cm for 5 ~ 15cm, depth as control region, control region with
Outer soil region is non-control region；Crop-planting is in control region；
（3）Straw returning in control region, control region Soil tillage are to be mixed into the straw of control region soil surface
Soil, it is also possible to as needed, increases or decreases the consumption of straw in the soil of control region；Non- control region straw mulching and returning；Fertilizer
The consumption of the consumption and pesticide of material according to production custom or recommends consumption to determine, pesticide and fertilizer impose on regulation and control with reference to farming
In area's soil；
（4）If agricultural land soil is too glutinous, i.e., particle diameter is more than 25wt% less than the soil particle content of 0.002 mm, needs past
Sand is mixed in farmland, per mu of custom consumption is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres；If soil is sand ground, i.e. soil of the particle diameter between 2 ~ 0.02 mm
Granule content is more than 55wt%, and easy leak leakage fertilizer needs clay is mixed toward inside sand ground, and per mu of custom consumption is 2 ~ 3 cubes
Rice；First by husky or clay, control region soil surface is sprinkling upon, is mixed in the soil of control region with reference to farming；
（5）The consumption of water-loss reducer of soil is 7 ~ 10 kilograms per mu, and water-retaining agent is sprinkling upon control region soil surface first, with reference to cultivated
It is mixed in the soil of control region；Other plantation indexs are carried out according to general planting method；
（6）Sowing：The center line of control region is exactly the row of plant to along center line every 15 ~ 30cm sowing crop seeds；
（7）After the completion of sowing work, cover-head water, other field management measures and general the crop fields management method one are poured
Cause.
Straw-returning is mainly to determine the also field amount of straw and goes back field method.Generally straw is total crop return,
Can increase or reduce the amount of straw.Because worm's ovum and pathogenic bacteria are carried on straw, it is contemplated that the factor such as pest and disease damage, will also before field
A certain amount of pesticide is sprayed toward on straw.Also field method can adopt returning or mulching and returning.If turn over burying also
Straw will be laid in control region soil surface before farming by field, if straw then should be put down after farming by mulching and returning
It is layered on control region soil surface.
According to agricultural land soil feature with farming, fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, straw and water-loss reducer of soil to control region soil at
Manage, rather than control region soil is reserved and out do not processed.The soil moved in improve the original refers generally to sand or clay.
Need to determine soil nutrient content according to actual farming：Amount of nutrients according to required for corn growth, calculating needs
The amount of fertilizer to be applied, is then converted to the consumption of the straight fertilizers such as carbamide, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, and these fertilizer are mixed
Just can apply in the soil of control region with reference to farming after even.
If tillage machinery is with automatic fertilization, device for administration of drugs, it is also possible to above-mentioned material is mounted on tractor, is mixed up
Blanking velocity, with the carrying out of farming, these materials uniformly will be mixed in the soil of control region.
Suitable tillage method is selected according to agricultural land soil feature and local climate condition, tillage method is rotary tillage, shallow turns over
Plough or plough deeply cultivated.
The fertilizer is carbamide, carbon ammonium, MAP, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, sulphuric acid
In potassium, organic fertilizer, microbial manure, compound fertilizer and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer one or more.
Formulation of pesticide and consumption are determined according to soil pest and disease damage occurrence characteristic, the pesticide be Nemacur, the different sulfur phosphorus of methyl,
Phoxim, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, quick lime and dislike in white phonetic copper bacterium ester one or more.
Determine whether to apply water-loss reducer of soil, fine sand, clay and its consumption according to soil texture feature.
The method is applied to Semen Maydiss, Cotton Gossypii and Nicotiana tabacum L..
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
The features such as present invention is with the rate of fertilizer during reduction crop production, raising fertilizer utilization, it is particularly suitable
In field crop.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments the present invention is described in further detail, but is not intended to limit present disclosure：
Embodiment 1
A kind of regulation and control method suitable for 958 Maize Production rhizosphere soil of Zheng Dan, comprises the steps：
（1）Straw-returning is, after preceding crop is harvested, straw to be smashed and is laid in monoblock farmland surface；
（2）Control region and non-control region are cooked up in farmland
A. plan layout of the Semen Maydiss in farmland：According to the corn variety for selecting, according to the planting density of suggestion, calculate
The spacing in the rows of Semen Maydiss；The suggestion planting densities of Zheng Dan 958 are 4500 plants/acre, then can be according to 667m2（The area of 0.07 hectare）÷
（4500 (per mu of strain number) × 0.6m（Line-spacing））
B. Zea mays root region soil control region and non-control region are determined：
Using corn plants behavior center line, left and right width respectively for 5 ~ 15cm, depth be 20 ~ 30cm as control region, control region
Soil region in addition is non-control region；Corn planting is in control region；
（3）Straw returning in control region, the straw of control region are combined to turn over and are mixed into soil, it is also possible to according to need
Will, increase or decrease the consumption of straw in the soil of control region；Non- control region straw mulching and returning；The use of the consumption and pesticide of fertilizer
Amount according to production custom or recommends consumption to determine, pesticide and fertilizer are imposed in the soil of control region with reference to farming；
As fertilizer formula of the Semen Maydiss in Henan area is generally N:P2O5:K2O=20:10:10, i.e., per mu with 20 kilograms of N,
P2O510 kilograms, K210 kilograms of O.Then according to carbamide leaded wastewater 46% converts the consumption of carbamide, calcium magnesium phosphate contains P2O5Measure 13% folding
Calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is calculated, potassium chloride contains K2O amounts 50% convert potassium chloride dosage；Per mu of ground of corn fertilizer can also directly be applied
One bag（80 or 100 jin）；All chemical fertilizer can be mixed in the soil of control region with reference to farming；
With reference to the description of pesticide, the consumption of pesticide directly determines per mu of consumption is how many grams or how many milliliters；It is concrete to grasp
Work is to mix the soil of pesticide and 8 ~ 15 kilograms, is sprinkled upon control region soil surface, all pesticide are mixed into regulation and control with reference to farming
In area's soil；
（4）If agricultural land soil is too glutinous, i.e., particle diameter is more than 25wt% less than the soil particle content of 0.002 mm, needs past
Sand is mixed in farmland, per mu of custom consumption is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres；If soil is sand ground, i.e. soil of the particle diameter between 2 ~ 0.02 mm
Granule content is more than 55wt%, and easy leak leakage fertilizer needs clay is mixed toward inside sand ground, and per mu of custom consumption is 2 ~ 3 cubes
Rice；First by husky or clay, control region soil surface is sprinkling upon, is mixed in the soil of control region with reference to farming；
（5）The consumption of water-loss reducer of soil is 7 ~ 10 kilograms per mu, and water-retaining agent is sprinkling upon control region soil surface first, with reference to cultivated
It is mixed in the soil of control region；Other plantation indexs are carried out according to general planting method；
（6）Sowing：The center line of control region is the row of Semen Maydiss to along center line every 15 ~ 30cm seeding corn seeds；
（7）After the completion of sowing work, cover-head water, other field management measures and general corn field management method one are poured
Cause.
The method that above-mentioned corn crop rhizosphere soil is regulated and controled is used for field experiment, as a result such as table 1 below：
Straw-returning is mainly to determine the also field amount of straw and goes back field method.Generally straw is total crop return,
Can increase or reduce the amount of straw.Because worm's ovum and pathogenic bacteria are carried on straw, it is contemplated that the factor such as pest and disease damage, will also before field
A certain amount of pesticide is sprayed toward on straw.Also field method can adopt returning or mulching and returning.If turn over burying also
Straw will be smashed before farming and be laid in control region soil surface by field, if mulching and returning then should be after farming by straw
Stalk is laid in control region soil surface.
Control region soil is processed with fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, straw and water-loss reducer of soil according to agricultural land soil feature, rather than
Control region soil is reserved out not to be processed.The soil moved in improve the original refers generally to sand or clay.
Fertilizer formula and consumption are determined according to produce reality：Amount of nutrients and agricultural land soil fertilizer according to required for corn growth
Power situation, calculating needs the species and consumption of applying fertilizer, is then converted to the simple substance such as carbamide, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride fertilizer
The consumption of material, just can apply in the soil of control region with reference to farming after these fertilizer are mixed.
If tillage machinery is with automatic fertilization, device for administration of drugs, it is also possible to above-mentioned material is mounted on tractor, is mixed up
Blanking velocity, with the carrying out of farming, these materials uniformly will be mixed in the soil of control region.
Suitable tillage method is selected according to agricultural land soil feature and local climate condition, tillage method is rotary tillage, shallow turns over
Plough or plough deeply cultivated.
The fertilizer is carbamide, carbon ammonium, MAP, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, sulphuric acid
In potassium, organic fertilizer, microbial manure, compound fertilizer and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer one or more.
Formulation of pesticide and consumption are determined according to soil pest and disease damage occurrence characteristic, the pesticide be Nemacur, the different sulfur phosphorus of methyl,
Phoxim, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, quick lime and dislike in white phonetic copper bacterium ester one or more.
Determine whether to apply water-loss reducer of soil, fine sand, clay and its consumption according to soil texture feature.
Embodiment 2
A kind of regulation and control method suitable for 50 Radix Gossypii region soil of CCRI, comprises the steps：
（1）Straw-returning is, after preceding crop is harvested, straw to be smashed and is laid in monoblock farmland surface；
（2）Control region and non-control region are cooked up in farmland
A. plan layout of the Cotton Gossypii in farmland：According to the cotton variety for selecting, according to the planting density of suggestion, calculate
The spacing in the rows of Cotton Gossypii；The suggestion planting density of CCRI 50 is 5000 plants/acre, then can be according to 667m2（The area of 0.07 hectare）÷
（5000 (per mu of strain number) × 0.6m（Line-spacing））
B. Radix Gossypii region soil control region and non-control region are determined：
Using Cotton Gossypii plant as center line, left and right width respectively for 5 ~ 15cm, depth be 20 ~ 30cm as control region, control region
Soil region in addition is non-control region；Cotton planting is in control region；
（4）Straw returning in control region, the straw of control region are combined to turn over and are mixed into soil, it is also possible to according to need
Will, increase or decrease the consumption of straw in the soil of control region；Non- control region straw mulching and returning；The use of the consumption and pesticide of fertilizer
Amount according to production custom or recommends consumption to determine, pesticide and fertilizer are imposed in the soil of control region with reference to farming；
As fertilizer formula of the Cotton Gossypii in Henan area is generally N:P2O5:K2O=20:6:15, i.e., per mu with 20 kilograms of N,
P2O56 kilograms, K215 kilograms of O.Then according to carbamide leaded wastewater 46% converts the consumption of carbamide, calcium magnesium phosphate contains P2O5Measure 13% folding
Calcium magnesium phosphate consumption is calculated, potassium chloride contains K2O amounts 50% convert potassium chloride dosage；Per mu of ground of fertilizer special for cotton can also directly be applied
One bag（80 or 100 jin）；All chemical fertilizer can be mixed in the soil of control region with reference to farming；
With reference to the description of pesticide, the consumption of pesticide directly determines per mu of consumption is how many grams or how many milliliters；It is concrete to grasp
Work is to mix the soil of pesticide and 8 ~ 15 kilograms, is sprinkled upon control region soil surface, all pesticide are mixed into regulation and control with reference to farming
In area's soil；
（4）If agricultural land soil is too glutinous, i.e., particle diameter is more than 25wt% less than the soil particle content of 0.002 mm, needs past
Sand is mixed in farmland, per mu of custom consumption is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres；If soil is sand ground, i.e. soil of the particle diameter between 2 ~ 0.02 mm
Granule content is more than 55wt%, and easy leak leakage fertilizer needs clay is mixed toward inside sand ground, and per mu of custom consumption is 2 ~ 3 cubes
Rice；First by husky or clay, control region soil surface is sprinkling upon, is mixed in the soil of control region with reference to farming；
（5）The consumption of water-loss reducer of soil is 7 ~ 10 kilograms per mu, and water-retaining agent is sprinkling upon control region soil surface first, with reference to cultivated
It is mixed in the soil of control region；Other plantation indexs are carried out according to general planting method；
（6）Plantation：The center line of control region for Cotton Gossypii row to, along center line every 15 ~ 30cm sowing cottons seed or
Transplant the seedling of Cotton Gossypii；
（7）After the completion of plantation work, water extraction Seedling, other field management measures and general Cotton Fields management method one are poured
Cause.
The method that above-mentioned cotton crop rhizosphere soil is regulated and controled is used for field experiment, as a result such as table 2 below：
Claims (6)
1. a kind of regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
（1）Straw-returning is, after preceding crop is harvested, straw to be smashed and is laid in monoblock farmland surface；
（2）Control region and non-control region are cooked up in farmland
A. plan crop allocation：According to the crop varieties for selecting, according to the planting density of suggestion, plant spacing in the rows is calculated；
B. root of the crop region soil control region and non-control region are determined：
Using plant behavior center line, left and right width respectively for 5 ~ 15cm, depth be 20 ~ 30cm as control region, beyond control region
Soil region is non-control region；Crop-planting is in control region；
（3）Straw returning in control region, control region Soil tillage are that the straw of control region soil surface is mixed into soil,
As needed, the consumption of straw in the soil of control region, non-control region straw mulching and returning are increased or decreased；The consumption of fertilizer and agriculture
The consumption of medicine according to production custom or recommends consumption to determine, pesticide and fertilizer are imposed in the soil of control region with reference to farming；Root
Control region soil is processed with fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, straw and water-loss reducer of soil according to agricultural land soil feature, rather than control region soil
It is reserved out not process；
（4）If agricultural land soil is too glutinous, i.e., particle diameter is more than 25wt% less than the soil particle content of 0.002 mm, needs toward farmland
In mix sand, per mu of custom consumption is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres；If soil is sand ground, i.e. soil particle of the particle diameter between 2 ~ 0.02 mm
Content is more than 55wt%, needs clay is mixed toward inside sand ground, and per mu of custom consumption is 2 ~ 3 cubic metres；First by husky or clay, spread
In control region soil surface, it is mixed in the soil of control region with reference to farming；
（5）The consumption of water-loss reducer of soil is 7 ~ 10 kilograms per mu, and water-retaining agent is sprinkling upon control region soil surface first, will with reference to farming
Which is mixed in the soil of control region；Other plantation indexs are carried out according to general planting method；
（6）Sowing：The center line of control region is exactly the row of plant to along center line every 15 ~ 30cm sowing crop seeds；
（7）After the completion of sowing work, cover-head water is poured, other field management measures are consistent with general the crop fields management method.
2. the regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：According to agricultural land soil feature
Suitable tillage method is selected with local climate condition, tillage method is rotary tillage, shallow turn over or plough deeply cultivated.
3. the regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fertilizer be carbamide,
It is carbon ammonium, MAP, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, organic fertilizer, microbial manure, multiple
One or more of Hefei and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
4. the regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Sent out according to soil pest and disease damage
Raw feature determines formulation of pesticide and consumption, and the pesticide is Nemacur, the different sulfur phosphorus of methyl, phoxim, S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, quick lime and evil
One or more of phonetic copper bacterium ester of frost.
5. the regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：According to soil texture feature
Determine whether to apply water-loss reducer of soil, fine sand, clay and its consumption.
6. the regulation and control method of Crop Root region soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The method is applied to jade
Rice, Cotton Gossypii and Nicotiana tabacum L..
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| CN112534984B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-07-05 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Method for improving soft clay into planting soil |
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