RU2527538C1 - Method of soil management of vineyards - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises initially-single sowing in a row of vines on 3-year agro-technological cycles in inter-rows unsown in the previous cycle of the winter triticale alternating in the cycles of varieties of selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture n.a. PP Lukyanenko. Annually in the cycles when the plant is entering in a tube in spring the green mass is mowed, the green mass of triticale with ears of corn ripened in summer is embedded in the inter-row soil. Together with the biomass of triticale in the soil the solution of agro-biological stimulator of effective microorganisms EM is embedded, prepared on the basis of electrochemically activated water, with a flow rate of 350 l/ha.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the natural fertility of the soil, the productivity of vineyards, improves the quality of grapes and food safety vine-winemaking products by reducing the pesticide residues in them, provides increase and stabilisation of optimal ecological potential and sanitary-toxicological state of agricultural lands of the vineyards.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, will find application in crop production and horticulture, mainly in viticulture.

Known methods and systems of inter-row tillage of vineyards: the type of black steam [1]; soil sowing between rows between perennial grasses [2]; annual sowing of green manure crops [3]; cyclic sowing of grain feed triticale [4] and other similar methods and systems [5].

These methods and systems of inter-row cultivation and seasonal soil maintenance of vineyards are characterized by the following disadvantages: soil compaction and destructuring; mineralization of organic substances; removal of nitrogen and moisture; lack of soil rehabilitation processes from accumulated and accumulated pesticidal (toxic) residues; progressive loss of natural fertility and optimal ecological potential of agricultural lands; decrease in plant productivity (yield); decrease in the quality and, therefore, food safety of cultivated grape berries and grape-growing products.

A known method of maintaining soil in the rows of grapes [6], according to which the inter-row cultivation and seasonal soil content of the vineyards is carried out by sowing legumes and cereal grass in the rows, mulching the rows between the grasses left on the vine without grinding and planting in the soil with their rolling in the mulching layer in phase of budding-flowering of legumes or heading-sweeping of cereal grasses. This method of soil maintenance in the rows of grapes, possessing most of the above-mentioned drawbacks, creates negative agro-conditions under which the grass of the mulching layer left on the root actively “takes away” moisture and nutrients from the grape plants, which are especially necessary during the period of filling and ripening of grape berries. This greatly hinders the optimal ecological vegetation of grapes, limits the formation of an economically profitable volume of the grown crop and the quality of grape-growing products.

The closest analogue of the proposed method is a method of maintaining soil between rows of vineyards according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2381640 C1 [7] - prototype.

The essence of the prototype is to perform a single sowing of winter triticale through a series of grape bushes in 3-year agrotechnological cycles in unseeding in the previous cycle rows between rows alternating in cycles of varieties of triticale selection KNIISH them. P.P. Lukyanenko. In cycles, the green mass is annually mowed when the triticale plant leaves the tube in spring, and the ripened triticale plant mass with ears of grain is planted in the row-spacing soil in the summer. Simultaneously with grinding and incorporating into the soil between rows of ripened plant mass of triticale, a solution of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms, prepared from the microbiological preparation Baikal EM-1 and the special nutrient medium EM-molasses, is introduced.

This method is characterized by a small increase in natural soil fertility due to the low ecological and biological activity of the growth in the number and development of microorganisms in soil biota, which limits the increase in natural soil fertility, productivity of vineyards, and the improvement of the quality of farmed grapes and vine-growing products.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the natural fertility of the soil, productivity of vineyards, improving the quality of cultivated grapes and grape-growing products due to the agrotechnical conditions of the increased growth of the number of microorganisms in soil biota and an increase in their ecological and biological activity.

The goal of the invention is achieved by jointly planting in the cultivated soil between the rows of vineyards the biomass of ripened triticale and an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms (EM) [8], prepared on the basis of electrochemically activated (ECA) [9] water - ″ living ″ water (catholyte).

The essence of the invention consists in increasing the natural fertility of the soil, productivity of vineyards, improving the quality of the grown grapes and grape-growing products by creating agrotechnical conditions for the increased growth of the number of microorganisms in soil biota and increasing their ecological and biological activity due to the joint incorporation into the cultivated soil between the rows of vineyards of the mature biomass of effective triticulum agrobiological and agrobi microorganisms (EM), prepared Nogo based ECA water ( "live" water), a flow rate of 350 l / ha.

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed method.

The experimental work on the application and assessment of the agrotechnical, economic, and environmental effectiveness of the proposed method for maintaining vineyard soil was carried out in 3-year agrotechnological cycles on southern carbonate chernozems in the central part of Taman, Krasnodar Territory. In the experiments, we used the production sites of industrial vineyards of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety planting schemes 3.0 × 1.5 m on a stem 1.0 ... 1.2 m high. The control method according to RF patent 2381640 (prototype) served as control.

Similarly to the prototype, in each of the 3-year agrotechnological cycles, 2.2-2.3 million / ha of germinating winter triticale grains were initially sown in row spacing through a row of grape bushes in unseeded in the previous cycle row spacing alternating in cycles of varieties of selection KNIISH them. P.P. Lukyanenko. In the following years of each cycle [10], the green mass was mowed when the triticale plant entered the tube in the spring and their ripened biomass was discarded in the summer with the simultaneous incorporation into the soil of the row-spacings of the solution of EM agrobiological stimulant prepared on the basis of electrochemically activated water (catholyte - “living ″ water) with a consumption rate of 350 l / ha.

An agrobiological EM stimulator was prepared in the form of an aqueous solution with a concentration of 1: 250 from the microbiological preparation Baikal EM-1 and the special nutrient medium EM-molasses [8] as follows. First, a 1% solution of the preparation of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms (EM) was prepared.

For this, 40 ml of Baikal EM-1 microbiological preparation was dissolved in 4 L of catholyte - “living” water obtained as a result of ECA of non-chlorinated filtered water without impurities and odors, and 100 ml of special nutrient medium (“EM-molasses”) was added. All components were thoroughly mixed.

Next, a working solution of an agrobiological EM stimulator was prepared. To do this, mix 4 l of already prepared 1% solution with 1000 l of non-chlorinated filtered water and add 4 l of special nutrient medium (“EM-molasses”). All components were again thoroughly mixed.

Thus prepared solution of an agrobiological EM stimulator with a consumption rate of 350 l / ha was introduced into the soil between the rows of grapes together with the incorporation of crushed biomass of ripened triticale.

In each type of experiment (prototype and proposed methods) sowing triticale was carried out with a converted seeder SZN-3.6 with a working width of 2.2 m. Grinding and embedding triticale biomass with grafted ears in the soil was carried out with a converted disk harrow VDN-3 in combination with a device for applying working solution of agrobiological stimulator EM.

The results of experimental work are shown in the table.

Table. Comparative effectiveness of soil maintenance methods for Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards Way Compared Indicators rate of solution consumption (Baikal EM-1 + EM-molasses), l / ha grape harvest, t / ha pesticide residues mg / kg economic efficiency,% HOS ^* FOS ^* Prototype 250 87 0.015 / 0.013 0.18 / 0.14 100.0 Proposed 350 99 traces / traces traces / traces 125.6 Note: HOS - organochlorine compounds; FOS - organophosphorus compounds; ^* numerator - in the soil, the denominator - in berries and wine material; traces - less than 0.001 mg / kg

The experiments showed (tab.) That the soil content of the rows of vineyards according to the proposed method with the simultaneous incorporation into the soil of the biomass of ripened triticale and a solution of agrobiological stimulator EM prepared on the basis of ECA water (″ live ″ water) increases the yield of grapes in comparison with the prototype on average 12 kg / ha. Along with the reduction of pesticidal (toxic) residues in the soil, due to the increased ecobioactivity of microorganisms in soil biota, the quality and, therefore, the food safety of grapes and wine materials is increased, which ensures an increase in the quality of grape-growing products.

The economic efficiency of industrial production using the proposed method is increased by 25.6%. These results indicate the growth and stabilization of the optimal ecological potential, the sanitary-toxicological state of the agricultural lands of vineyards, and the quality of life of the population, which most closely meets the modern requirements of biological farming.

Information sources

1. Smirnov V.K., Kalechkova T.I., Morozova G.S. Viticulture. - M .: Agropromizdat. - 1987. - S.252-254

2. Agricultural indications in viticulture / Ed. N. Kachanova. - Chisinau: Cartya Masu. - 1989. - P.524

3. Zeltser V.Ya. On improving the system of soil care in vineyards // Viticulture and winemaking. - 1990, No. 2. - S.19-22

4. RF patent 2239965, cl. 701B 79/00, A01G 17/02. Publ. 2004 Bul. Number 32

5. Kiyan A.T. Resource-saving production in viticulture based on new agricultural practices and technologies (research, development, implementation). - Krasnodar: "Enlightenment-South." - 2004 .-- 360 s.

6. RF patent 2459399 A01B 79/02 C1. Publ. 08/27/2012. Bull. Number 24

7. RF patent 2381640 A01B 79/02 C1. Publ. 02/20/2010. Bull. Number 5

8. Suhamera S.A. EM technology is the biotechnology of the 21st century. The collection of materials on the practical use of the drug "Baikal EM-1." - Almaty, 2006, 77 p.

9. Prilutsky V.I., Bakhir V.M. Electrochemically activated water: Abnormal properties, biological mechanism of action. - M .; VNIIIMT JSC NPO ″ Screen ″. 1997 .-- 228 p.

10. Vorobyova T.N., Wind Yu.A. Productivity of ampelocenoses and agrotechnical innovations in viticulture (study, greening of production) - Krasnodar: LLC Alfa-Polygraph +, 2011, 200 p.

Claims (1)

The method of maintaining the soil of vineyards, including the initial single-seeding through a series of grape bushes according to 3-year agrotechnological cycles to the winter triticale aisle that was not sown in the previous cycle, alternating in the cycles of varieties of selection KNIISH them. P.P. Lukyanenko, annual mowing of green mass in the plant when the plant leaves the tube in spring, embedding in the soil between rows in summer the ripened plant mass of triticale with ears of grain, characterized in that, together with the biomass of triticale, a solution of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms EM prepared on the basis of electrochemically is embedded in the soil activated water, with a consumption rate of 350 l / ha.