RU2403719C1 - Method of cultivation of sugar beet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biotechnology and can be used for growing sugar beet. The method includes treatment of vegetative plants with biological preparation containing a mixture of suspensions of strains of Pseudomonas species "7Г", "7Г2К" and 17-2, taken in the ratio 1:2:1 with a concentration of 2.0-2.4×10¹⁰ cells/ml. At that additionally a stage of preseeding treatment is carried out at the rate of 50-75 ml of suspension per 1 ton of seeds, and processing of vegetative plants is carried out at the rate of 50-75 ml/ha.

EFFECT: reduction of morbidity and increase of yielding capacity of plants.

6 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of sugar beets.

One of the urgent tasks of the further development of agriculture is to protect plants from diseases and increase the productivity of agricultural crops. Along with land reclamation, a common crop culture, breeding and seed production, an important reserve for the successful solution of this problem is the use of biological products that stimulate the growth and development of plants, as well as protect them from diseases.

A known method of growing sugar beets, including pre-sowing seed treatment with a 20-50% extract from germinating seeds of winter wheat for 24-36 hours at a temperature of 18-20 ° C (USSR AS No. 540614, class A01N 65/00, publ. 03/23/81). To soak 1 kg of sugar beet seeds, 12-30 kg of wheat seeds are germinated. The extract is stored in a dark place in a glass container for no more than 3 days.

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity, the duration of the process of obtaining a biological product, the lack of effectiveness of protecting sugar beets from damage by cercosporosis, peronosporosis, erysiphosis and rust, as well as the limited shelf life of the biological product.

A known method of growing sugar beets, including spraying vegetative plants three to four times, starting with the appearance of 8-10 leaves, with an aqueous solution of GibberROS with a concentration of 50-100 mg / l at a dose of 15-30 g / ha. The method provides an increase in the yield of sugar beets by 23-25% and a decrease in the susceptibility of plants to cercosporosis, peronosporosis, erysiphosis and rust (RF Patent No. 2201680, class A01N 63/04, publ. 10.04.2003).

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity, the duration of the process of obtaining polygibberellin biological product.

The closest prototype to the claimed method is a method for growing sugar beets, including pre-sowing treatment of seeds and / or vegetative plants with the bacterial preparation "Albit", which is a viscous flowing paste containing the following components, including: hydrolyzate of live bacteria Pseudomonas aureofaciens 18-20; bacterial hydrolyzate of Bacillus megaterium 39-40; a solution of macro- and microelements 32-37; coniferous extract 5-6; chlorophyll-carotene paste 1-2. During pre-sowing treatment, the seeds are treated with a solution of the preparation until their surface is completely wetted at a rate of consumption of 30-40 g / t of seeds, and during the processing of vegetative plants - 30 g / ha of crops, while the first treatment of vegetative plants is carried out during the closing of the rows, and the second 20 days after the first (RF Patent No. 2147181, class A01N 63/00, publ. 10.04.2000). The method allows to increase the yield of root crops by 18-31% and reduce the damage to plants by cercosporosis.

The disadvantages of this method are the complexity of obtaining the drug, high consumption rates and low efficiency of the method in relation to plant protection against fungal and bacterial diseases.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of plant protection against fungal and bacterial diseases, reduce the rate of consumption of biological products and increase the yield of sugar beets.

The proposed method is as follows. Before sowing, sugar beet seeds are treated with Binoram biologic in the form of a bacterial suspension containing a mixture of strains of Pseudomonas specias 7G, 7G2K and 17-2, taken in a ratio of 1: 2: 1 with a concentration of (2.0-2.4) × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml, while seed treatment before planting is carried out at the rate of 50-75 ml of suspension per ton of seeds, with a working solution consumption rate of 10 l / t. Then, 10-14 days after germination (phase of 2 leaves), sugar beet plants are treated with a bacterial suspension with the same concentration at the rate of 50-75 ml of suspension per 1 ha, with a working solution consumption rate of 400 l / ha.

The strains of Pseudomonas specias 7G, 7G2K, and 17-2 used in the biological product were donated to the Research Institute “Collection of Microorganism Cultures” SSC VB “Vector” under registration numbers B-694 (7G), B-695 (7G2K), B-696 (17-2 )

The strains were isolated from the natural population of rhizospheric microorganisms of wild cereals of chernozem soils of the forest-steppe of the Ordynsky district of the Novosibirsk region and were selected for resistance to mycotoxins and ability to intensive growth under the conditions of the developed optimal technology for biomass growth.

The defining difference of the proposed method from the prototype is the use of a biological product Binoram, which is a suspension of a complex of strains of Pseudomonas sp.7G, 7G2K, 17-2, taken in a ratio of 1: 2: 1 with a concentration of (2.0-2.4) · 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml, while seed treatment is carried out at the rate of 50-75 ml of suspension per ton of seeds, and vegetative plants at the rate of 50-75 ml of suspension per 1 ha, which allows to increase seed yield, reduce the incidence of plants and improve the quality of marketable products. Since sugar beet diseases are most harmful in the seedling phase, the presowing treatment of seeds with the Binoram drug allows you to effectively disinfect the latter and reduce the activity and manifestation of phytopathogens on vegetative plants. The biological product Binoram, being part of the natural ecosystem, allows you to effectively fight against sugar beet diseases and at the same time avoid the disturbance of biological balance and environmental pollution.

The strains of Pseudomonas sp. 7G, 7G2K, 17-2 have a wide spectrum of antagonistic activity on phytopathogens of the genus Altemaria, Bipolaris, Rhizoctonia, Fuzarium, Helminthosporium and others. Each of the strains included in the complex has a high specific activity with respect to a specific phytopathogen, and all together have an increased ability to suppress the development of phytopathogens than each individually.

When using a biological product in a prohibitive dose (less than 50 ml for treating seeds and vegetative plants), the processing efficiency decreases, and the use of higher doses of the drug (100 ml) does not increase the efficiency of the method, therefore, it is not economically feasible.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples of specific performance.

Example 1. Obtaining a biological product.

To prepare a suspension of bacterial cells with museum strains of Pseudomonas sp.7G, 7G2K, 17-2, a liquid nutrient medium (LB broth) is seeded, the culture is grown for 12 hours at 30 ° C and the obtained biomass is immediately used as an inoculum for the fermenter (volumes from 1 l up to 20 l). Fermentation is carried out at 30 ° C under aeration under a pressure of 0.04 kg / cm ² , with constant titration of the medium to a pH of 7.0-7.2; after 12-16 hours, the titer of the cell suspension reaches (2-2.4) · 10 ¹⁰ l / ml. Each strain is grown separately, and then the resulting biomass is mixed in a ratio of 1: 2: 1.

Example 2

Under production conditions, VNIISS OPH (Voronezh Region, Ramonsky District) studied the effectiveness of treating vegetative plants of sugar beet of the Ramonsky single-seeded variety 47 (fraction 4.5-5.5, weight of 1000 seeds 20.5 g) with Binoram and Alto-Super ( standard) in the conditions of experimental plots of one field. For this, vegetative plants (phase 2 leaves) were treated with Binoram with a concentration of 2.0 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml at the rate of 50, 75, 100 ml / ha (working solution concentration 2.5 × 10 ⁶ 3.8 × 10 ⁶ , 5.0 × 10 ⁶ cells / ml with a consumption rate of 400 l / ha), the size of the experimental plots is 100 m ² , the repetition of the experiment is three times, the predecessor is winter wheat. Control plants were sprayed with water.

Table 1 presents data on the effectiveness of processing seedlings of sugar beets from the development of cercosporosis, and table 2 presents data on the effectiveness of processing seedlings of sugar beets from damage to plants by phomosis. From the data of tables 1, 2 it can be seen that the method allows to reduce the spread and development of cercosporosis by 1.9-2.8 times (biological effectiveness - 43.3-76.7%), and fomosis by 3 times (biological effectiveness - 22, 0-42.7%).

Example 3

In production conditions, the VNIISS OPH (Voronezh Region, Ramonsky District) studied the effectiveness of the integrated treatment of seeds and vegetative plants of sugar beet of the Ramon single-seeded variety 47 (fraction 4.5-5.5, 1000 seeds weight 20.5 g) with the Binoram biological product and the Alto chemical preparation -Super (standard) in the conditions of experimental plots of one field. For this, pre-sowing treatment of sugar beet seeds with Binoram was performed at a rate of 50, 75 and 100 ml of suspension with a concentration of 2.4 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml per ton of seeds, and after 10 days, seedlings were treated with Binoram with a concentration of 2.4 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml at the rate of 50, 75, 100 ml / ha, the size of the experimental plots is 100 m ² , the repetition of the experiment is three times, the predecessor is winter wheat. Control seeds and plants were sprayed with water.

The results are shown in tables 3 and 4. Table 3 presents data on the defeat of the leaf apparatus of sugar beets by cercosporosis and fomosis (accounting periods of 30 and 45 days), and table 4 presents data on the economic efficiency of using the drug Binoram on sugar beets. From the data of tables 3 and 4 it can be seen that the method allows to limit the spread and development of cercosporosis by 4 times, and phomosis by 4.6 times and increase the yield of root crops by 30.3-32.5%

Example 4

At the breeding and genetic complex of the Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute in closed ground (in a greenhouse on expanded clay), in a complete nutrient medium (according to Grodzensky), in each of 3 replicates of 20 plants, we studied the effect of presowing treatment of seeds and seedlings of sugar beet of the Ramonskaya single-seeded 47 variety on the increase wet weight of 20 plants 30 days after germination (in g).

For this, the presowing treatment of sugar beet seeds with Binoram was first carried out at the rate of 50 ml of suspension with a concentration of 2.0 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml per ton of seeds (the rate of consumption of the working solution is 10 l per ton). Seeds were soaked for 30 minutes in a working solution of the drug with a concentration of 1.0 × 10 cells / ml. Treated seeds were sown for 3 hours, control seeds were treated with water. Then, after 10 days, the seedlings of the sugar beets were treated with the Binoram preparation at the rate of 50 ml of suspension with a concentration of the working solution of 2.5 × 10 ⁶ at a flow rate of 400 l / ha. As a comparison drug, a preparation based on the Bacillus subtilis strain B-14 with a concentration of 1 × 10 ⁷ cells / ml was used. The results are presented in table 5.

From table 5 it is seen that the treatment of seeds and seedlings of sugar beets with the Binoram preparation allows 3 times to increase the wet weight of plants, which is directly proportional to the harvest of tubers during harvesting.

Example 5

In the field, ZAO Irmen breeding plant (Novosibirsk region) studied the effectiveness of the integrated treatment of seeds and vegetative plants of sugar beets of the LO-52 variety (hybrid) with the Binoram biological product (field 70 ha - experience, field 4 ha - control).

For this, pre-sowing treatment of sugar beet seeds with Binoram preparation was carried out at the rate of 50 ml of suspension with a concentration of 2.4 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml per ton of seeds, and after 10 days, seedlings were treated with Binoram preparation with a concentration of 2.4 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml at the rate of 50 ml / ha (concentration of working solution 3.0 × · 10 ⁶ cells / ml with a consumption rate of 400 l / ha), the precursor is winter wheat. Control seeds and plants were sprayed with water.

The results are presented in table 6. From table 6 it is seen that the proposed method allows to increase the yield of sugar beets by 37%, and the sugar content in root crops by 6-10%.

Using the proposed method will allow, compared with the prototype, to reduce the spread and development of cercosporosis by 4 times, and phomosis by 4.6 times; reduce the consumption rate of the biological product, increase the yield of sugar beets by 32.5-37%.

Table 1 Experience Options Drug consumption rate Dates of accounting days after application of the drug fifteen thirty 45 The prevalence of lesions (P,%) Control (water) - 0,0 3.2 21,4 Standard (Alto Super, CE) 0.75 l / ha 0,0 0,0 7.3 Binoram 50 ml / ha 0,0 1.7 7.6 75 ml / ha 0,0 1.7 9.6 100 ml / ha 0,0 3,1 12.7

table 2 Experience Options Drug consumption rate Dates of accounting days after application of the drug fifteen thirty 45 The prevalence of lesions (P,%) Control (water) - 0,0 0,0 6.5 Standard (Alto Super, CE) 0.75 l / ha 0,0 3.3 3.0 Binoram 50 ml / ha 0,0 1,6 2.0 75 ml / ha 0,0 1.8 6.4 100 ml / ha 0,0 1.9 4.8

Table 3 Experience Options Drug consumption rate Dates of accounting days after application of the drug cercosporosis fomosis thirty 45 thirty 45 The prevalence of lesions (P,%) The control - 3.2 21,4 3.2 6.5 Standard (Alto Super, CE) 0.75 l / ha 0,0 3.3 3.3 3.0 Binoram 50 ml / ha 1,1 5,4 1,2 1.4 75 ml / ha 1,1 7.8 1,0 2.2 100 ml / ha 2,8 11.5 1.3 4.2

Table 4 Experience Options Drug consumption rate Biological yield, t / ha Sugar content,% Estimated sugar yield, t / ha The control - 31.9 16.5 5.26 Standard (Alto Super, CE) 0.75 l / ha 33.0 16.8 5.54 Binoram 50 ml / ha 42,2 21.5 7.00 75 ml / ha 38.8 19.8 6.42 100 ml / ha 33.5 16.9 5.43

Table 5 Options Fresh weight of 20 plants 30 days after germination, g seed treatment 10 day seedling treatment The control 200-225 Bac.subtilis-B-14 360-390 420-435 Binoram 515-545 685-720 Table 6 Options Productivity, t / ha Sugar Content (%) The control 135 13-14 Binoram 168-185 20-23

Claims (1)

A method of growing sugar beets, including treating vegetating plants with a biological product containing bacteria of the Pseudomonas strain, characterized in that a mixture of suspensions of Pseudomonas species strains 7G, 7G2K, and 17-2, taken in a ratio of 1: 2: 1 with a concentration of 2, is used as a biological product 0-2.4 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml, while the stage of pre-sowing seed treatment is additionally carried out at the rate of 50-75 ml of suspension per 1 ton of seeds, and the treatment of vegetative plants is carried out at the rate of 50-75 ml / ha.