RU2506733C1 - Method of maintenance of vineyard soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to viticulture. The method comprises initially single seeding in a row of vines on 3-year agro-technological cycles in inter-row spacing unsown in the previous cycle of winter triticale alternating in varieties cycles of selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture n.a. Lukyanenko. Yearly in the cycles the green mass is trimmed at the stem elongation of plants in the spring. In the summer in the inter-row spacing soil the matured plant mass is embedded with ears of corn of triticale and agrobiological stimulant of effective microorganisms (EM) "Baikal EM-1" based on the special nutrient medium "EM syrup". At that together with the biomass of triticale and the stimulant EM in the inter-row spacing soil the organic matter of vegetable pulp (OP) is embedded at a rate of 380 kg/ha.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the natural fertility of the soil, vineyard productivity, to improve quality of grapes grown and vine-winemaking products through the creation of agro-technical conditions of increased growth and development of micro-organisms of the soil biota by increasing their biological activity due to the greater number of the organic matter in the treated soil.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, will find application in crop production and horticulture, mainly in viticulture.

Known methods and systems of inter-row tillage of vineyards: the type of black steam [1]; soil sowing between rows between perennial grasses [2]; annual sowing of green manure crops [3]; cyclic sowing of grain feed triticale [4] and other similar methods and systems [5]. These methods and systems of inter-row cultivation and seasonal soil maintenance of vineyards are characterized by the following disadvantages: soil compaction and destructuring; mineralization of organic substances; removal of nitrogen and moisture; lack of soil rehabilitation processes from accumulated and accumulated pesticidal (toxic) residues; progressive loss of natural fertility and optimal ecological potential of agricultural lands; decrease in plant productivity (yield); decrease in the quality and, therefore, food safety of cultivated grape berries and grape-growing products.

A known method of maintaining soil in the rows of grapes [6], according to which the inter-row cultivation and seasonal soil content of the vineyards is carried out by sowing legumes and cereal grass in the rows, mulching the rows between the grasses left on the vine without grinding and planting in the soil with their rolling in the mulching layer in phase of budding-flowering of legumes or heading-sweeping of cereal grasses. This method of soil maintenance in the rows of grapes, possessing a number of the above-mentioned disadvantages, creates, at the same time, agroconditions under which the grass of the mulching layer left on the root actively “picks” moisture and nutrients from grape plants, especially the grapes needed during the filling and ripening of berries. This greatly hinders the optimal ecological vegetation of grape plants, limits the formation of the economically expected volume of the grown grape harvest and the quality of grape-growing products.

The closest analogue of the proposed method is a method of maintaining the soil of vineyards according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2381640 C1 [7] - prototype.

The essence of the prototype is to perform a single sowing of winter triticale through a series of grape bushes according to 3-year agrotechnological cycles in unseeding in the previous cycle row-spacing alternating triticale varieties in cycles. In cycles, the green mass is annually mowed when the triticale plant leaves the tube in spring, and the ripened triticale plant mass with ears of grain is planted in the row-spacing soil in the summer. Simultaneously with grinding and incorporating into the soil between rows of ripened plant mass of triticale, a solution of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms, prepared from the microbiological preparation Baikal EM-1 and the special nutrient medium EM-molasses, is introduced.

This method is characterized by an insufficient increase in the natural fertility of the soil due to the low biological activity of the growth and development of microorganisms in soil biota due to the insufficient amount of organic substances in it, which inhibits the increase in the natural fertility of the soil and the productivity of grape bushes (vineyards), and an improvement in the quality of farmed grapes and vine-growing products. .

The technical result of the invention is to increase the natural fertility of the soil, productivity of vineyards, improving the quality of the grown grapes and grape-growing products by creating agrotechnical conditions for increased growth and development of soil microbiota microorganisms based on an increase in their biological activity due to the greater amount of organic (nutrient) substances in the treated soil - organics .

It is known [8] that squeezes belong to the main winemaking waste; what remains in the press after squeezing juice from fresh grapes or wort from fermented pulp — crests, peel and seeds of berries (hereinafter referred to as organic pulp), which are effectively used in various sectors of the food industry, national economy, medicine, etc. [9 ].

The technical result of the invention is achieved due to the simultaneous incorporation into the cultivated soil between the rows of vineyards of crushed biomass of ripened triticale, an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms (EM) and organics of the pulp (OM).

The essence of the invention consists in increasing the natural fertility of the soil, productivity of vineyards, improving the quality of cultivated grapes and grape-growing products by creating agrotechnical conditions for increased growth and development of soil microbiota microorganisms based on the increase of their biological activity due to the simultaneous incorporation into the cultivated soil of rows of shredded biomass of ripened triticale, agrobi stimulator EM and OM.

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed method.

The experimental work on the application, verification and evaluation of the agrotechnical, economic and environmental effectiveness of the proposed method for maintaining vineyard soil was carried out over two 3-year agrotechnological cycles in the southern carbonate chernozems of the Krasnodar Territory (Taman). In the experiments we used production areas of industrial vineyards of the Cabernet - Sauvignon variety with a planting pattern of 3.0 × 1.5 m of formation on a stem 1.0 ... 1.2 m high as a type of bilateral horizontal cordon of a two-tier base. The control was the method according to RF patent 2381640 (prototype) using in a 3-year agrotechnological cycle an initial single sowing of 2.25 million / ha of germinated winter triticale grains of the Grenadier variety from the KNIISH them. P.P. Lukyanenko in the aisle through a series of grape bushes. In the following years of each 3-year agrotechnological cycle [10, 11], the triticale plants that came into the tube were mowed in spring, they were discarded with the maturation of mature biomass with black ears in the summer, and the agrobiological EM stimulator was introduced at the same time as an aqueous working solution of concentration 1: 250, prepared from the microbiological preparation "Baikal EM-1" [12] and the special nutrient medium "EM-molasses", with a consumption rate of 250 l / ha.

In the proposed (compared with the prototype) method, along with the initial single seeding triticale and all subsequent operations of the 3-year agrotechnological cycle, similarly to the prototype (control), at the same time as the ripening triticale grass stand was discarded, the working solution of the agrobiological stimulator EM concentration 1: 250 was also embedded in the cultivated soil prepared, as in the prototype, from the microbiological preparation "Baikal EM-1" and a special nutrient medium "EM-molasses", with a consumption rate of 250 l / ha. However, in the proposed method, together with the discing of ripened triticale and the introduction of a stimulant, EMs were scattered and embedded in the soil between the rows of OM in the amount of 380 kg / ha.

A working solution of an agrobiological EM stimulator was prepared for both experimental options as follows. Initially, a 1% solution of the preparation of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms (EM) was prepared. To do this, 40 ml of Baikal EM-1 microbiological preparation was dissolved in 4 l of non-chlorinated filtered water without extraneous impurities and odors at a temperature of + 20 ... + 25 ° С and 100 ml of special nutrient medium (EM-molasses) was added. All were thoroughly mixed. Next, a working solution of an agrobiological EM stimulator was prepared by mixing 4 l of its 1% solution prepared the day before with 1000 l of non-chlorinated filtered water and 4 l of special nutrient medium (“EM-molasses”) was added. Once again, everything was thoroughly mixed. Thus prepared working solution of an agrobiological EM stimulator with a consumption rate of 250 l / ha was introduced into the soil between rows of grapes simultaneously with the incorporation of the crushed biomass of ripened triticale (prototype) and OM (the inventive method) every year in the summer in 3-year agrotechnological cycles.

In both cases, sowing triticale was carried out with a converted seeder SZN-3.6 with a working width of 2.2 m. The seeds were not pickled, because the used Grenadier triticale variety is not affected by malicious objects. Grinding and incorporation into the soil of biomass with blackened ears of triticale was performed by the VDN-3 disc harrow in combination with a device for introducing a working solution of an agrobiological stimulator. Preliminary spreading of OMs before disking the grass stand of ripened triticale was carried out specially for this purpose by a converted mineral fertilizer spreader. The results of experimental work are shown in the table.

Table Comparative with the prototype, the effectiveness of the proposed method for maintaining vineyard soil in a 3-year agrotechnological cycle of growing Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes The average values of the compared indicators Way consumption pulp organics (OM), kg / ha solution ("Baikal EM-1" 4- "EM-molasses"), l / ha grape yield, t / ha pesticide residues, mg / kg economic efficiency,% HOS * FOS * Prototype - 250 90.2 0.015 / 0.013 0.19 / 0.16 100.0 Proposed 380 250 95.7 0.001 / traces 0.003 / 0.011 122,4 * Note: HOS - organochlorine compounds; FOS - organophosphorus compounds; the numerator is in the soil, the denominator is in berries and wine material; traces - less than 0.001 mg / kg

The table shows that the soil content of the rows of vineyards according to the proposed method with the simultaneous incorporation of crushed biomass of triticale, a solution of the agrobiological stimulant Baikal EM-1 based on the special nutrient medium EM-molasses and organic pulp increases the yield of grapes compared with prototype on average 5.5 c / ha. Along with the reduction of pesticidal residues in the soil due to the increased bioactivity of microorganisms in soil biota, the quality of grapes and wine materials, and, therefore, the food safety of grape-growing products, is also increased. The economic efficiency of industrial production increases by 22.4%. All this indicates an increase and stabilization of the optimal ecological potential and the sanitary-toxicological state of the agricultural lands of the vineyards.

Information sources

1. Smirnov V.K., Kalechkova T.I., Morozova G.S. Viticulture. - M .: Agropromizdat. - 1987. - S.252-254.

2. Agricultural indications in viticulture / Ed. N. Kachanova. - Chisinau: Cartya Masu. - 1989. - P.524.

3. Zeltser V.Ya. On improving the system of soil care in vineyards // Viticulture and winemaking. - 1990, No. 2. - S. 19-22.

4. RF patent 2239965, cl. 7 01B 79/00, A01G 17/02. Publ. 2004 Bul. Number 32.

5. Kiyan A.T. Resource-saving production in viticulture based on new agricultural practices and technologies (research, development, implementation). - Krasnodar: "Enlightenment-South." - 2004 .-- 360 s.

6. RF patent 2459399 A01B 79/02 C1. Publ. 08/27/2012. Bull. Number 24.

7. RF patent 2381640 АВВ 79/02 С1. Publ. 02/20/2010. Bull. No. 5.

8. Valuyko G.G. Grape wines. - M .: Food. industry, 1978.- 254 s.

9. Grape squeeze and its use. - Internet resource http://www.livewine.ru/ispolzovanie_othodov_vinodeliya/.

10. Vorobyova T.N., Wind Yu.A. Productivity of ampelocenoses and agrotechnical innovations in viticulture (study, greening of production) - Krasnodar: LLC Alfa-Polygraph +, 2011, 200 p.

11. Vorobyova T.N., Volkova A.A. The use of copper-containing preparations in the vineyards of the south of the Kuban (research, environmental optimization). - Krasnodar: LLC Alpha-Polygraph +, 2011, 155 p.

12. Suhamera S.A. EM technology is the biotechnology of the 21st century. The collection of materials on the practical use of the drug "Baikal EM-1." - Almaty, 2006, 77 p.

Claims (1)

The method of maintaining the soil of vineyards, including the initial single seeding through a series of grape bushes according to 3-year agrotechnological cycles to the winter triticale aisle that was not sown in the previous cycle, alternating in the cycles of varieties of selection of KNIISH them. P.P. Lukyanenko, annual mowing of green mass when the plant leaves the tube in spring, embedding triticale with ripened grain and ears of grain and the Baikal EM-1 agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms in the soil between rows in summer and on the basis of a special nutrient medium “EM-molasses”, characterized in that, together with the biomass of triticale and the stimulator, the EM is embedded in the soil between rows with a consumption rate of 380 kg / ha of organic pulp (OM).