RU2531001C2 - Method of management of vineyard soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises initially-single seeding in a row of vines on 3-year agrotechnological cycles in the row spacing of winter triticale unsown in the previous cycle of varieties alternating in cycles. Every year in the cycles the green mass is mowed when appearance of tube of triticale plant of in spring, in summer the ripe plant biomass of triticale with ears of grain is embedded in soil of row spacing. Together with ripe biomass and ears of grain of triticale the 2-year compost of equal share mixture of pulp and chopped vine the chips of vines are embedded in soil with their ratio 1:1 by weight at a rate of 500 kg/ha, enriched in the process of preparing with the solution of agro-biological stimulant of effective microorganisms "Baikal EM-1" on the basis of the nutrient medium "EM-molasses" with the application rate of 200 l/t compost mixture of pulp and chopped vine.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the natural fertility of the soil, the productivity of vineyards, improves the quality of grapes and food safety of grape-winemaking products by reducing the pesticide residues in them, provides increase and stabilisation of optimal ecological potential and sanitary-toxicological state of agricultural lands of vineyards.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, will find application in crop production and horticulture, mainly in viticulture.

Known methods and systems of inter-row tillage of vineyards: the type of black steam [1]; soil sowing between rows between perennial grasses [2]; annual sowing of green manure crops [3]; cyclic sowing of grain feed triticale [4] and other similar methods and systems [5].

These methods and systems of inter-row cultivation and seasonal soil maintenance of vineyards are characterized by the following disadvantages: soil compaction and destructuring; mineralization of organic substances; removal of nitrogen and moisture; lack of soil rehabilitation processes from accumulated and accumulated pesticidal (toxic) residues; progressive loss of natural fertility and optimal ecological potential of agricultural lands; decrease in plant productivity (yield); decrease in the quality and, therefore, food safety of cultivated grape berries and grape-growing products.

A known method of maintaining soil in the rows of grapes [6], according to which the inter-row cultivation and seasonal soil content of the vineyards is carried out by sowing legumes and cereal grass in the rows, mulching the rows between the grasses left on the vine without grinding and planting in the soil with their rolling in the mulching layer in phase of budding-flowering of legumes or heading-sweeping of cereal grasses. This method of soil maintenance in the rows of grapes, having the majority of the above-mentioned disadvantages, creates agro conditions in which the grass of the mulching layer left on the root actively “picks” moisture and nutrients from the grape plants, especially the grapes needed during the filling and ripening of berries. This greatly hinders the optimal ecological vegetation of grape plants, limits the formation of the economically profitable expected volume of the grown grape harvest and the quality of grape-growing products.

The closest analogue of the proposed method is a method of maintaining the soil of vineyards according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2381640 C1 [7] - prototype.

The essence of the prototype is to perform a single sowing of winter triticale through a series of grape bushes in 3-year agrotechnological cycles in unseeding in the previous cycle rows between rows alternating in cycles of varieties of triticale selection KNIISH them. P.P. Lukyanenko. In cycles, the green mass is annually mowed when the triticale plant leaves the tube in spring, and the ripened triticale plant mass with ears of grain is planted in the row-spacing soil in the summer. Simultaneously with grinding and incorporating into the soil between rows of ripened plant mass of triticale, a solution of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms, prepared from the microbiological preparation Baikal EM-1 and the special nutrient medium EM-molasses, is introduced.

This method is characterized by an insufficient increase in the natural fertility of the soil due to the low ecological and biological activity of the growth and development of microorganisms in soil biota due to the insufficient amount of organic substances in it, which limits the increase in the natural fertility of the soil, productivity of the vineyards, and the improvement of the quality of the grown grapes and vine-growing products.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the natural fertility of the soil, productivity of vineyards, improving the quality of cultivated grapes and grape-growing products due to the agrotechnical conditions of the increased growth of the number of microorganisms in soil biota and an increase in their ecological and biological activity.

The goal of the invention is achieved by simultaneously planting into the cultivated soil between the rows of vineyards the biomass of ripened triticale and compost from pulp and chopped vine, prepared using an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms (EM).

The essence of the invention consists in increasing the natural fertility of the soil, productivity of the vineyards, improving the quality of the grown grapes and vine-growing products by creating agrotechnical conditions for the increased growth of the number of microorganisms in the soil biota and increasing their ecological and biological activity due to the simultaneous incorporation into the cultivated soil of the rows of vineyards between the biomass of ripened triticale and compost biomass and chopped vines cooked with ispo zovaniem agro stimulator effective microorganisms (EM).

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed method.

Previously, two agricultural years before the start of the use of the proposed method, compost was prepared in the required volume from pulp [8] and chopped vine after pruning the vine bushes, enriched in the process of its preliminary laying (harvesting) with EM solution [9] with a flow rate of 200 l / t equal-composted mixture of pulp and chopped vines with a ratio of 1/1 by weight.

The experimental work on the application, verification and assessment of the agrotechnical, economic and environmental effectiveness of the proposed method for maintaining vineyard soil was carried out in 3-year agrotechnological cycles on the southern carbonate chernozems of Taman. In the experiments, we used sections of industrial vineyards of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety with a planting pattern of 3.0 × 1.5 m on a stem 1.0 ... 1.2 m high. The control method according to RF patent 2381640 (prototype) served as control.

In each of the 3-year agrotechnological cycles of both variants, about 2.2-2.3 million / ha of germinating winter triticale grains alternating in the varieties of selection varieties of the KNIISH them. P.P. Lukyanenko. In the following years of each cycle [10] of both variants, triticale plants that came into the tube were mowed in spring and discarded their ripened biomass with ears of grain in the summer. Moreover, in the embodiment according to the prototype, simultaneously with ripened biomass and ears of triticale grains, a 250 l / ha solution of agrobiological EM stimulator was embedded in the soil, and in the embodiment of the method proposed as an invention, 500 kg / ha of 2-year-old compost from equal-sized pulp mixture was embedded in the soil and chopped vines with a ratio of 1/1 by weight, enriched during its preliminary preparation (laying) with a solution of agrobiological stimulant EM with a flow rate of 200 l / t of an equal share mixture of pulp and chopped vine ki vines.

An agrobiological EM stimulator for both variants was prepared in the form of an aqueous working solution with a concentration of 1: 250 from the microbiological preparation Baikal EM-1 and the special nutrient medium EM-molasses [9]. The rate of consumption of the solution of the agrobiological EM stimulator in the composting process (compost laying) was chosen within 200 l / t of an equal-share mixture of pulp and ground vine at a ratio of 1/1 by weight.

A solution of the agrobiological EM stimulator was prepared for both experimental variants as follows. First, a 1% solution of the preparation of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms (EM) was prepared. To do this, 40 ml of Baikal EM-1 microbiological preparation was dissolved in 4 L of non-chlorinated filtered water without extraneous impurities and odors at a temperature of + 20 ... + 25 ° C and 100 ml of special nutrient medium (EM-molasses) was added. All components were thoroughly mixed.

Next, a working solution of an agrobiological EM stimulator was prepared by mixing 4 l of its 1% solution prepared the day before with 1000 l of non-chlorinated filtered water and 4 l of special nutrient medium (“EM syrup”) was added. Once again, all components were thoroughly mixed.

Thus prepared solution of an agrobiological EM stimulant with a consumption rate of 250 l / ha was introduced into the soil between rows of grapes simultaneously with the incorporation of the crushed biomass of ripened triticale (prototype) and 200 l / t of composted equal-share mixture of pulp and chopped grape vines at a 1/1 ratio the mass in the process of laying compost (the claimed method).

In each type of experiment, sowing triticale was carried out with a converted seeder SZN-3.6 with a working width of 2.2 m. Grinding and triticale biomass cultivation with blackened ears was performed with a BDN-3 disc harrow in combination with a device for applying a working solution of an agrobiological EM stimulator. The preliminary spreading of compost before disking the grass stand of the ripened triticale in the variant of the method proposed as an invention was carried out by a specially converted fertilizer spreader for this.

The results of experimental work are shown in the table.

The results of the experiments showed (table) that the soil content of the rows of vineyards by the proposed method with the simultaneous incorporation into the soil of biomass of ripened triticale and 2-year-old compost from pulp and chopped vine enriched in the process of composting with a solution of the Baikal EM-1 agrobiological stimulator based on special nutrient medium "EM-molasses", increases the yield of grapes in comparison with the prototype by an average of 5 kg / ha. Along with the reduction of pesticidal residues in the soil due to the increased ecobioactivity of microorganisms in soil biota, the quality and food safety of grapes and wine materials and, therefore, grape and vine products are also increasing.

The economic efficiency of industrial production using the proposed method increases by 19.8%. These results indicate the growth and stabilization of the optimal ecological potential and the sanitary-toxicological state of the agricultural lands of grape plantations, which most of all meets the modern requirements of biological farming.

Information sources

1. Smirnov V.K., Kalechkova T.I., Morozova G.S. Viticulture. - M .: Agropromizdat. - 1987. - S.252-254.

2. Agricultural indications in viticulture / Ed. N. Kachanova. - Chisinau: Cartya Masu. - 1989. - P.524.

3. Zeltser V.Ya. On improving the system of soil care in vineyards // Viticulture and winemaking. - 1990, No. 2. - S. 19-22.

4. RF patent 2239965, cl. 701B 79/00, A01G 17/02. Publ. 2004 Bul. Number 32.

5. Kiyan A.T. Resource-saving production in viticulture based on new agricultural practices and technologies (research, development, implementation). - Krasnodar: "Enlightenment-South." - 2004 .-- 360 s.

6. RF patent 2459399 C1, A01B 79/02. Publ. 08/27/2012. Bull. Number 24.

7. RF patent 2381640 C1, A01B 79/02. Publ. 02/20/2010. Bull. No. 5.

8. Grape squeeze and its use. - Internet resource http://www.livewine.ru/ispolzovanie_othodov_vinodeliya/

9. Suhamera S.A. EM technology is the biotechnology of the 21st century. The collection of materials on the practical use of the drug "Baikal EM-1." - Almaty, 2006, 77 p.

10. Vorobyova T.N., Wind Yu.A. Productivity of ampelocenoses and agrotechnical innovations in viticulture (study, ecologization of production). - Krasnodar: LLC Alpha-Polygraph +, 2011, 200 p.

Claims (1)

The method of maintaining vineyard soil, including the initial single-sowing through a series of grape bushes according to 3-year agrotechnological cycles to the winter triticale rows not sown in the previous cycle, alternating in the cycle of varieties, annual mowing of the green mass in the cycles when the triticale plant leaves the tube in spring, planting in the soil between rows of ripened plant biomass of triticale with ears of grain in the summer, characterized in that, together with the ripened biomass and ears of triticale grain, a 2-year the remainder of an equal mixture of pulp and chopped vine pruned grape bushes with a ratio of 1/1 by weight with a flow rate of 500 kg / ha, enriched in the process of preparation of an effective microorganism Baikal EM-1 agrobiological stimulant solution based on the EM-molasses nutrient medium consumption rate 200 l / t of compost mixture of pulp and chopped vine.