RU2618317C2 - Method of soil management of vineyards on slope lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of viticulture. The method includes the application of nutrient composts, the cultivation of plants for green fertilizer and the use of vine to enhance soil fertility. In the vine inter-row spacing the groove are cut, having the depth and width of 45-50 cm, which are filled with clay Eredvit. Along the edges of the furrow a mixture of perennial grasses and annual crop of amaranth is sown as a cover crop, and in the growing season the area is sprayed with mineral water Bagiatti in the amount of 200-250 l/ha. Before leaving for winter the root bush system is covered with clay extracted from the grooves, mixing it with the ash of burnt vine. And the mown biomass of grasses is raked into the grooves and the root system of vines.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the productivity of vineyards and to reduce erosion processes on slope lands.

2 ex

Description

The invention relates to viticulture and may find application in improving the fertility of the soil of vineyards located on sloping lands.

There is a known method of maintaining the soil of vineyards, in which fertilizers are applied every 3 years and annually planted green manure crops mixed with biological products (patent No. 2527538, IPC AO1G 17/00, AO1B 79/02, AO1G 1/00, AO1N 63/00, published September 10, 2014).

However, the known method is quite costly, since a triticale grain crop is sown as green fertilizer and, together with ears of grain, is plowed into the soil.

The closest technical solution is a method in which, in a mixture with plant biomass, a two-year-old compost and chopped vine pruned grape bushes are planted in the soil (patent 25310 01, IPC AO1G 17/00, AO1B. 79/02, AO1N 63/00, published 20.10. 2014).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that all agricultural methods increase the cost of implementing a technical solution:

1) stocking of valuable triticale grain, which is sown annually;

2) preparation of compost for 2 years, enriched with expensive trace elements;

3) the slow decomposition of the vine and its crushing before plowing into the soil;

4) an alternating cycle of triticale varieties.

All these agricultural practices increase costs and insufficiently ensure the conservation of soil fertility on sloping lands.

The technical result is a reduction in costs and erosion processes on sloping lands.

The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that in the rows of the vineyards, grooves are cut with a depth and width of 45-50 cm, which are filled with zeolite-containing clay of Erdevit of local origin, and a mixture of perennial legume-grasses and an annual amaranth culture is sown along the edges of the furrow as a cover crop and during the growing season, they spray the grape bushes with Bagiatti mineral water in an amount of 200-250 l / ha, and before leaving in winter, the root system of the bushes is covered with clay stored in boron zdah, mixing it with ash from a cobbled grapevine, and the mowed biomass is raked in the direction of furrows and vine bushes.

The method is as follows.

In the aisles of a vineyard located on slope lands, furrows are cut with a depth and width of 45-50 cm. This technique prevents soil erosion during wind and water erosion of slope lands. In addition, before leaving for the winter, the root system is covered with clay extracted from the furrow located in the center of the row-spacings of shrubs.

During the growing season, macro- and microelements of Bagiatti irrigation mineral water penetrate into the furrows, containing, mg / l: metasilicic acid - H ₂ Si O ₃ - 50; anions: bicarbonate HCO ₃ - 2500-3500; sulfate SO ² ₄ - 20-120; Cl chloride - 250-400; cations: calcium Ca ²⁺ - less than 50; magnesium Mq ²⁺ - less than 250; sodium + potassium Na ⁺ + K ⁺ - 1000-2000, pH - 6.9.

The zeolite-containing clay Eredvit includes,%: silicon - 54.624; iron - 0.62; calcium - 2.00; Manganese - 0.28; potassium - 10.28; sodium - 1.2; phosphorus - 3.5; sulfur - 0.98; copper - 0.12; zinc - 0.62; the reaction of the medium (pH) is 8.1.

Like all zeolite-containing clays, Eredvit has sorption properties, water-holding ability, low heat transfer (less than 3%), prolonging ability. Eredvit, mineral water saturated with macro- and microelements, provides nutrition to the vine bushes using local sources of raw materials that do not require additional costs for organic fertilizers, as in the known methods.

Nitrogen fertilizers are replenished due to the mowed green mass, part of which falls into the furrows, and the other is used as mulch of the root system of the bushes.

From the sown herbs in the first year, the annual amaranth culture develops, containing a number of valuable macro- and microelements in the green mass. This culture develops a powerful root system, reaching a radius of 80 cm and a depth of 60 cm, a plant height of more than 1.5 m. Next year, perennial herbs grow: alfalfa and festulolium, which have a sufficiently developed root system and inhibit erosion processes.

In the phase of maximum development (1 mowing), perennial grasses are mowed and harvested for hay, and the second mowing is mowed, raking into furrows and covering the root system.

In the second mowing, the beveled biomass is watered with mineral water in an amount of 50-80 l / ha. Before sheltering the bushes, Eredvit is mixed with ash from cut grape vines containing,%: phosphorus - 21.0; potassium - 32; lime - 17; sulfur, magnesium, boron (in micro doses).

All these elements provide a sufficient amount of nutrients based on natural raw materials that do not require additional costs.

EXAMPLE 1

On a plot of 0.7 hectares of grape nursery in the aisles, grooves were cut with a depth and width of 50 cm (aisles of 2 m). Eredvit clay was laid into the furrows to ¾ depth. Grass was sown on both sides of the furrow at the rate of: alfalfa 10 kg / ha, festulolium 15 kg / ha, amaranth 2 kg / ha.

During the growing season, the plot was irrigated at the rate of 200 l / ha of Bagiatti mineral water. By the end of the growing season, the pruned vine was burned and the ash mixed with Eredvit clay. This mixture covered the root system of grape bushes within 5-10 cm, and the mowed amaranth biomass was raked on the clay surface in the first year. In the second year, biomass of perennial herbs was used as mulch.

EXAMPLE 2

The method was carried out as in the first example, and in contrast to it, the bushes were irrigated with mineral water of 250 l / ha. Furrows were cut with a depth and width of 45 cm. As a result of the implementation of the proposed method, soil fertility is maintained through the use of natural sources, the productivity of vineyards is increased, erosion processes are reduced by 2–3 times, the costs of the method are reduced, and the quality of grapes increases.

Claims (1)

The method of maintaining the soil of vineyards on sloping lands, including applying nutrient composts, growing plants for green fertilizer, using grapevines to increase soil fertility, characterized in that furrows with a depth and width of 45-50 cm are cut between rows of vineyards, which are filled with Eredvit clay, and at the edges of the furrow, a mixture of perennial grasses and an annual amaranth culture is sown as a cover crop and, during the growing season, they spray the area with Bagiatti mineral water in quantity stve 200-250 l / ha, and before going to winter basal bushes system coated clay extracted from the furrow, mixing it with burnt ashes grapevine, the tapered grasses biomass to raked grooves and basal system vines.