RU2580159C1 - Bioground for orchids - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The bioground for orchids comprises tree bark, sphagnum moss, expanded clay, charcoal, highbog peat, and as the organic component it comprises biohumus. All the components are taken at a certain ratio.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve the efficiency of the finished ground for growing orchids.

2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the cultivation of flower crops, in particular orchids, and can be used for the production of biohumus-based soil for flower crops grown in pots and / or in protected soil.

In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in various biological products, in finding methods for their effective use in breeding flower crops and in studying the mechanism of their action. Very popular among gardeners - professionals and amateurs - are specialized soils for growing a particular crop. The main objective of the invention is the creation of a soil balanced in its properties, optimal for growing orchids.

Orchids are a special group of plants that require specific care. According to the soil composition requirements, orchids are divided into two large groups, these are terrestrial orchids and epiphytic orchids. Ground orchids grow in the undergrowth and require very loose, fertile soil. Epiphytic, unlike terrestrial, grow on trees and on rocks, and there should not be any earth in the soil.

Each nutrient and the product of its transformation has its own purpose for the development and well-being of plants. Depending on the role in metabolism, all nutrients can be divided into two groups:

1. BUILDING ELEMENTS - these are substances necessary for a plant to form its organs (leaves, root system, etc.). This group includes: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, organic acids, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc.

2. FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS - these are substances that affect certain processes that occur inside plants. This group includes: potassium, calcium, magnesia, zinc, iron, boron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, chlorine and others.

While carbon, hydrogen and oxygen enter the plants directly from the air, the supply of other elements in an apartment or greenhouse must be artificially controlled by regular feeding of orchids.

NITROGEN - is one of the main building materials that orchids need for protein synthesis and the normal development of green mass. In nature, nitrogen is found in many organic substances and can easily be absorbed by the plant on its own. The lack of nitrogen is expressed in the fact that the leaves of the orchid grow small, lethargic, and in the color there are light green or yellow marble spots. Changing the color of the leaves, as a rule, begins with more adults and gradually switches to younger ones. With a severe nitrogen deficiency, old leaves die off quickly. An excess of nitrogen is expressed in an unusually fast growth of an orchid, in softening and cracking of plant tissues, in short flowering or in general rejection of it for up to 2-3 years. Overfed plants are most susceptible to various kinds of diseases and are very loved by sucking pests.

Phosphorus - regulates most of the processes associated with cell division, the formation of flowers, seeds, etc. Phosphorus is contained in most organic compounds, but in order for it to be normally absorbed by the root system of a plant, they must first overtake (i.e., become compost). The ability of phosphorus to be absorbed by a plant is also very much dependent on the acidity of the soil, the pH of which should be at least 6-7 units. The lack of phosphorus is expressed in a strong weakening of the plant, new sprouts bend, the leaves become faded and acquire a reddish tint (especially from the inside), in addition, the plant practically does not bloom. Excess phosphorus is very rare and is expressed in the blackening of the tips of the leaves of the plant (Odontoglossum and its hybrids).

POTASSIUM - participates in almost all vital processes, ensuring normal metabolism, regulating the construction of protein and carbohydrates, it is closely related to the intensity of photosynthesis, the flow and preservation of water in orchid cells, in addition, with an optimal potassium content, plants have a more stable immunity against pests and more gently tolerate a lack of moisture or low temperatures. The greatest amount of potassium is found in young leaves of orchids, and with a general lack of it, the substance is redistributed from old tissues to new ones, so one of the first signs of a lack of potassium is the mass death of old leaves. From the external environment, potassium is absorbed by orchids without special difficulties, therefore, a lack of substance is quite rare. In general terms, the lack of potassium is expressed in the weakened state of the plant, in the cessation of growth, weakening of the tuber of the lower leaves and their quick death, the general color of the leaves becomes dark green, and a yellow or white rim is formed along the edge, sometimes the leaves become marbled from light spots on dark green (different from the usual color) background. As a consequence, the rim and light spots may be pressed in and blacken. Excess potassium leads to blockage of nitrogen supply with all the ensuing consequences of its lack.

CALCIUM - is responsible for the process of reproduction and division of cells (especially meristemic) and the development of the root system. Self-absorption of a substance from the environment is quite difficult, therefore, it is artificial feeding of plants (in the form of fertilizer) that is very important. Calcium takes care of the correct pH ratio of the substrate, helping the root system to absorb many substances that are beneficial for orchids. For normal root function, the pH should be between 5.5 and 6.5. Calcium deficiency is expressed in weakening of plant tissues. Excess calcium contributes to cell destruction, especially at the tips of new shoots.

MAGNESIUM - is responsible for the formation of chlorophyll (the green color of the leaves), the regulation of equipping the plant with water and its movement. The absorption of a substance from the environment is usually not particularly difficult for plants, however, an overdose of NH4 can impede the absorption of magnesium, and an overdose of NO3, on the contrary, stimulate a greater absorption of the substance. Magnesium deficiency is expressed in the formation of light (light green or yellow) spots on older leaves that quickly creep further down the sheet and turn black over time. A distinctive feature is that leaf veins (for example, the topped vein of Phalaenopsis) remain green. Excess magnesium leads to a cessation of potassium absorption with all the ensuing consequences.

IRON - participates in the synthesis of many enzymes and chlorophyll (green color of the leaves), and also converts nitrogen into a form accessible to absorption by the plant (i.e., participates in the respiration process). Iron deficiency is observed in substrates whose pH is below or above the optimal value (5.5-6.5). Externally, the damage manifests itself exclusively on younger leaves, has two types of manifestation: only leaf veins turn yellow (for example, topping vein in Phalaenopsis); or vice versa - first, light patches appear on the leaves that quickly creep further along the leaf, and the leaf veins remain green. The death of leaves begins at the edges. And in the first and second case, the leaves of orchids grow unusually slowly and do not develop to normal size. Excess iron in practice is extremely rare, leading to a slowdown in plant development and the rejection of flowering for up to 2 years.

ZINC - is involved in the synthesis of many enzymes and chlorophyll (green color of leaves). A lack of zinc is not known in practice, an excess of zinc, on the contrary, is very common due to the poor quality of rainwater used (drain from a galvanized roof), externally manifests itself in a marble leaf color, a halt in development, leaf curvature and refusal to bloom for up to 2 -3 years

BOR - regulates the construction of carbohydrates, meristem cells and plant pollen.

Manganese - is an important catalyst for plant metabolism, is involved in the synthesis of many enzymes and photosynthesis.

COPPER - is one of the most important components of many enzymes, is involved in the formation of proteins and increases the plant's immunity against various fungal diseases. A lack of copper leads to curvature of the leaves and the rejection of flowering plants. Excess copper slows the development of the plant, and the leaves become reddish.

Molybdenum is an important constituent of many enzymes.

The above shows how important the balanced content of nutrients in the soil, in particular in the soil, intended for a special flower culture - soil for growing orchids. Subject to the normal conditions of plant maintenance required by their culture, an excess or lack of substance is not threatened by orchids when using conventional inorganic fertilizers for orchids. Difficulties can arise when using urea, guano, and other organic fertilizers based on animal excrement, since the release of substances in this case is uncontrolled, often leading to overdoses of a substance. The opposite picture is most often observed under conditions of compacted, saline substrate or in conditions of its too high or low pH, since the root system of most types of orchids cannot absorb many useful substances in such conditions.

It is possible to make the soil suitable for growing a particular crop using top dressing or fertilizer, which can conditionally be divided into three groups.

ORGANIC fertilizers are produced from natural products, for example, from blood, bone meal, guano, urea, etc. The bulk of these fertilizers contain nitrogen, which in its pure form is not available to plants. In order for the roots of the orchid to begin to absorb such fertilizer, microorganisms must process it. This process directly depends on the composition and degree of moisture of the substrate, the total temperature of the plant and the total number of microorganisms, in other words, the process of processing substances is uncontrolled. Nitrogen can be produced either very little, or vice versa, too much. In addition, as a rule, in organic fertilizers, the remaining trace elements necessary for orchids are either not contained at all, or in a very low proportion.

Inorganic fertilizers are produced specifically for certain types of plants, depending on their general needs for certain trace elements. Three main components of nutrition of any plants: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K). Fertilizer packages always have the exact ratio of all three elements. For example, N: P: K = 10: 4: 7, which in turn means that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are related to each other as 10: 4: 7. The ratio of all these elements most recommended for orchids is 3: 1: 2. Mathematically, this is the same as 15: 5: 10. The decisive moment in this case is not the magnitude of the numbers, but the ratio in which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are interconnected. Sometimes the ratio of four digits is indicated on the package with fertilizer, the fourth is magnesia. Recently, an increasing trend has been observed when fertilizer producers indicate not the ratio of these three elements to each other, but their percentage in the fertilizer. It is much easier to navigate in this case, the fertilizer most suitable for orchids should contain a maximum of 16% nitrogen, 8% phosphorus and 8% potassium. The main disadvantage of inorganic fertilizers is the "subsidence" in large quantities of unprocessed salts in substrates, which over time creates a hazardous environment for the orchid root system.

CHELATES - unlike the first two varieties, they are absorbed by the root system (and leaves) almost instantly, therefore, with the right dosage, in addition to the positive effect, they do not cause any obvious or hidden damage to the plant.

In view of the variety of manufactured products, it is currently very difficult to comply with all the conditions for the correct dosage and application of fertilizer. It is necessary to carefully study the instructions for use, the exact concentration of salts in water with fertilizer can only be calculated using special devices that calculate the conductivity index of water μS (water with fertilizer should not be higher than 600 μS). In this regard, the greatest convenience for the consumer is created by the ready-made soil for flower culture - orchids.

An equally important component is the composition of the substrate in which orchids grow. The substrate is not just pieces of bark, moss and peat, it is a special microclimate where various bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms live as a friendly family, and during feeding you fertilize not only the orchid itself, but all this friendly family together, each component of which To one degree or another, it participates in the processing of fertilizer in order to isolate useful elements from it and present them to the roots of orchids in an accessible form for absorption. The processing of many useful substances takes a rather long period - at first they accumulate in the substrate, are gradually processed by microorganisms, and then they get into the orchids. The older the substrate, the greater the number of such elements it contains, and the higher the likelihood of a situation when the substances accumulate too much, that they will become toxic to nearby roots, in other words, the substrate will be salinized, followed by mass extinction of the roots. In order to avoid this, fertilize orchids that grow for a long time in old substrates need an order of magnitude less than in new ones. The exact opposite situation is observed inside pots with recently transplanted orchids, especially when you made the mixture yourself and processed it with boiling water or roasted it in the oven before use. At first, the microflora necessary for the further promotion of beneficial substances is practically completely absent and for its construction not only a certain period of time will be required, but also a large amount of nitrogen (especially in pure bark). There are not rare cases during this period when orchids begin to suffer from its deficiency, turning yellow and dropping leaves, because all the nitrogen available for food is spent on building a new microflora. In addition, the more synthetic materials (polystyrene) in the substrates, the more orchids need additional top dressing, and vice versa, for example, in substrates with 20% content of beech leaves, plants are almost not needed to feed, it is best to feed orchids only with phosphorus in this case .

An important role in feeding orchids is played by the state of the root system of the plant itself. Orchids that have just been transplanted should not be fertilized, since no matter how carefully you transplant the plant, you can’t do without breakage and light injuries, and the wounded root system is not able to absorb fertilizers, and salts are not claimed by the inside of the substrate, creating an environment unfavorable for its microflora .

You can regularly fertilize the orchid, but it will still suffer from a lack of a substance. The main reason, as a rule, lies in the non-optimal acidity of the substrate, determined by the pH value. The optimal indicator for most types of orchids is at a level of 5.5 to 6.5 pH. When the indicator is below 5 pH or above 6.8 pH, an unfavorable environment forms inside the substrate and the root system of orchids ceases to consume many nutrients. In acidic soils (pH 4.0-5.5), iron, aluminum and manganese are in forms accessible to plants, and their concentration reaches a toxic level. At the same time, the entry of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and molybdenum into plants is difficult. In contrast, in alkaline (pH 7.5-8.5), iron, manganese, phosphorus, copper, zinc, boron and most trace elements become less accessible to plants.

What affects the decrease or increase in the pH of the substrate: for example, from frequent watering, many organic components of the substrate begin to decompose, and its pH decreases. This indicator rises due to frequent fertilizers or irrigation of (hard) tap water.

To measure the acidity of the substrate, you can use special digital instruments or simple test sticks (for an aquarium) - in this case, you just need to pass water through the pot with an orchid and measure its pH at the exit (from the holes at the bottom of the pot). If the pH is too high or, conversely, too low, then first you need to establish the reasons for this behavior. It is necessary to lower the pH by adding peat to the substrate, and raise it by adding dolomite flour (a tablespoon of 4.54 liters of warm water), which can be poured into the pot in a dry form, and then thoroughly pour the orchid with water, or initially diluted to milk color in water and put there for 30 minutes a pot of orchid. The frequency of adding dolomite flour directly depends on the composition of the substrate itself, the total temperature of the content, the frequency of irrigation, usually this period varies from 6 months to 2 years.

In addition, to increase the pH of the substrate, you can use: quicklime (Cao), slaked lime (Ca (OH) 2), ground limestone (CaCO3), crushed chalk, marl, crushed open-hearth slag or shells, wood ash (you can not use ash from burnt newspapers). Not suitable: gypsum (calcium sulfate - CaSO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2). The process of fertilizing orchids is that a fertilizer is poured into a container of water (best filtered or distilled) and a pot of orchid is placed there for 20-30 minutes. Without fail, BEFORE top dressing, the orchid needs to be properly watered, this will protect the root system from burning.

Thus, in order to obtain the best result for orchid cultivation, it is proposed to use a specially made balanced soil for orchids.

A known method of creating soil for growing orchids - on their own, using known components. To grow a flower culture of orchids, special conditions of maintenance, care and soil are needed. For these plants categorically not suitable ordinary garden land. Currently, there is a certain list of components that make substrates for indoor orchids (orxidej.html). This is wood bark, sphagnum moss, fern roots, vermiculite, perlite, polyurethane moss, polystyrene, grassroots and high peat (black) peat, coconut milk, charcoal, leafy earth and more.

Consider the following known soil components for orchids. Pine bark. The bark needs to be crushed, it should be small: for orchids that need more air exchange - 1-2 cm, for moisture-loving varieties - 3-4 mm. After crushing, the bark must be disinfected in a water bath and dried. Charcoal. You need to add it to the soil for orchids a little, because over time it accumulates salt, and this adversely affects the salt balance of the substrate. Moss Sphagnum. Before using moss, even fresh, it must be soaked for 24 hours in water to get rid of the insects in it. In addition, moss needs to be changed every year. Peat: it must be loose to have a fibrous structure and contain a small amount of salts. Peat is designed to retain moisture. The roots of the fern. The larger the bush, the correspondingly larger its root, so it is worth using an adult fern. Shake off the ground and cut off the ground. Before preparing the substrate, it is necessary to prepare all the components, they need to be steamed. At the bottom of the pot lay drainage (expanded clay, clay shards, polystyrene). Disadvantages: self-preparation of soil for orchid cultivation is laborious and does not give a guaranteed result - it is difficult to observe all proportions, to choose the material for the composition of the required quality.

Known ready-made soil for orchids, including pine bark, charcoal, fern roots, moss sphagnum, pine cones (gutted flakes), bark (on / medium.htm), which contains a mixture of equal parts of bark, charcoal, fern roots and sphagnum, provided that the orchids are grown in mesh pots or on blocks of bark - that is, in conditions where air freely flows to the roots of the plant. Sphagnum helps to retain moisture longer, but also gives it away earlier than other components of the mixture. Orchids that will be grown in a "closed" way, that is, in ordinary pots with drainage holes or containers made of bark or other materials, when air is not available through the walls of the pot, sphagnum is usually not added to the mixture. In this case, the mixture can be composed of charcoal and bark, and with the sphagnum only lay out the upper surface of the pot. But even in this case, it is desirable that the walls of the pot have several openings for air access in addition to drainage openings. Some types of orchids feel great when they are grown only in sphagnum, but here it is very important not to fill them or dry them, and yet mixtures using several components are more stable in terms of overdrying or excessive watering. Disadvantages: the high complexity of caring for a planted plant in a well-known soil, the lack of a nutrient component of organic origin complicates the cultivation of a flower crop, does not give a guaranteed result - the regular appearance of peduncles.

The well-known "Organic EcoFlora for Orchids" is a completely ready-to-use soil for growing all types of orchids, such as Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, Dendrobium, Miltoniopsis, Paphiopedilum (Slipper), Cymbidium, Miltonia and others. COMPOSITION: Mix peat, grade Peat, Mix: Peat mix sapropel, FlorGumat fertilizer, vermiculite, sand, lime flour (dolomite). (-ogorod.ru/products/detail.php?ID=1330). Also known is ORCHID SOIL "Vermion" manufacturer LLC "Compound" Albin ", Moscow (s.narod.ru/html/flowers/apteka/grunt-orhid.html), which is a mixture of moss (sphagnum) with small peat intended for use as a substrate for the propagation of epiphytic orchids by seeds obtained as a result of cross-pollination; when pickling mature seedlings into a mixture of equal parts of moss and peat; when transplanting orchids (most often in February-April when young shoots appear). soil: as an organic nutrient only peat acts as an additive - this is not enough for a proper nutrition of orchids and does not give a guaranteed result.

The soil composition for orchids is also known (nina_andreevna / post137557761), in which, in addition to the known components, organic fertilizers are added, for example, bird droppings. Organic fertilizers represent what in the past life was organic matter - animal manure, bird droppings (“guano”), plant debris, compost, etc. They contain (more or less) all the substances necessary for plants, since any organic fertilizer used to be a living cell, in which boron-iron-potassium was also present - etc. Thus, organic - more "long-playing" fertilizers. They must still overtake (and if the earth is cold, this process can take a lot of time). In the garden, organic matter is introduced not only as fertilizer, but also to improve the structure of the soil (compost, for example). However, for indoor plants, pure organic matter is not recommended. Disadvantages: organic fertilizer or an additive in the composition of the soil based on bird droppings have too strong an effect. The plant can suffer and instead of the positive effect (improving plant growth, increasing the number of peduncles, etc.), you can burn the roots and destroy the plant. Bird droppings, being a potent organic substance, can even do harm, you must carefully observe the proportions when introducing this component into the soil or in top dressing, and still this is not a guarantee of success, because when the droppings dissolve during watering, it still does not give such an effect . The concentration of the substance will be different, and where it will be higher and stronger, which can burn the roots.

The soil for orchids orchiden-substrat of the German campaign ASBGreenworld (8609271618) is known for its reputation as nutritious, but of the nutrients in the composition of this soil there is only peat, limestone is used to deoxidize peat, and the bark is used for air permeation. Disadvantage: insufficiently nutritious soil composition, which reduces the efficiency of obtaining arrows and peduncles when growing orchids.

Closest to the claimed is the technical solution according to patent RU 2465256 C2 C05F 11/08, published on 10.27.2012, according to which BACTERIZED FERTILIZER can be used in the production of soil and fertilizers based on biohumus, includes a humic base, a bacterial additive and dry alkali. As a humic base, peat or brown coal, or a mixture of peat and brown coal, is used. The bacterial supplement is a dry culture of Bacillus subtilis bacteria or a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis bacteria.

Disadvantage: a humic base made of peat or brown coal does not provide a balanced nutrient medium that guarantees the efficiency of arrows and flower stalks; moreover, for orchids, it is not recommended to use fertilizers produced in the form of sticks or tablets, since in conditions of breathable substrates based on the bark of coniferous trees they have very little effect on plants.

To eliminate the above drawbacks, a bio-soil for orchids is proposed, having a balanced composition, which includes fertilizer in the form of fertilizing biohumus.

The technical task is to create a balanced bio-soil for growing orchids with increased efficiency.

Biohumus is an organic matter of the soil, which is formed due to the decomposition of plant debris and their waste products. It consists of humic acids, humine, fulvic acid ulmin. Its quantity serves as an indicator of soil fertility. Provides high survival rate of seedlings and optimal growth of flowers, their intense and long flowering. Characteristics of vermicompost: provides a stable high environmentally friendly crop; quickly restores the natural fertility of the soil, improves its structure and health; does not have an inertia of action: plants and seeds immediately react to it; reduces the time of seed germination, accelerates the growth and flowering of plants, reduces the time of fruit ripening by two to three weeks; provides strong immunity in plants, increasing their resistance to stressful situations, adverse weather conditions, bacterial and putrefactive diseases; provides high survival rate of seedlings and seedlings, optimal growth of flowers, their intensive and prolonged flowering. Biohumus is a microbiological, environmentally friendly, organic fertilizer obtained by processing a red California worm.

As a result of research and experimental work, the composition of the soil was revealed, which includes fertilizer in the form of top dressing, that is, biohumus. Compared with the known (standard purchased) soil, the claimed composition gave a noticeable positive effect.

Compared to organic additives like bird droppings, vermicompost has a significantly more delicate, gentle action. Biohumus does not injure the plant, it helps the plant easily adapt to new soil, since the nutrient medium for them is a decomposing organic substance that is deposited and settles on surfaces - that is, humus, which has a higher degree of digestibility for plant roots compared to droppings.

During the experiment, one orchid plant was planted in a well-known purchased ready-made soil (soil composition of pine bark, moss, charcoal, expanded clay), and another orchid plant of the same variety was planted in the same soil, but with the addition of vermicompost. After 10 days, the orchid planted in the soil with the addition of vermicompost gave the arrow, and after the 3rd week the next.

In the purchased ready-made soil, the orchid did not die, but also did not produce arrows and peduncles, until it subsequently received a similar top dressing with biohumus.

As a result of experimental selection of the composition of the soil, a balanced composition was revealed in which the bark of the tree should be 50-60%, because the bark is responsible for air capacity, breathability, so that the soil is not heavy and does not retain moisture; 15-20% of the moss is needed in order to ensure the presence of water in the soil for moisture, but not dampness. For some types of orchids, moss can be laid on top. Biohumus is enough 8-12%, no longer needed, otherwise a higher concentration of nutrients can damage the roots of plants.

To eliminate the disadvantages of the known soil compositions for orchids and provide optimal conditions for growing this particular flower culture allows the claimed invention. A specialized ready-to-use nutritious soil is offered for growing all types of orchids (Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, Cymbidium, Miltoniopsis, Dendrobilum, Paphiopedilum) and other epiphytes, including some types of bromeliad orchids. The special composition of the soil mixture ensures healthy plant growth and maintaining high decorativeness.

The inventive soil consists mainly of organic substances, it is a unique complex of biologically active substances and growth stimulants. It has a complex effect on the plant, improving its physical and biological properties, includes complex top dressing, which will facilitate rapid adaptation after planting and abundant flowering.

The novelty of the claimed soil lies in the fact that a balanced composition of nutrients provides an increase in the effectiveness of the appearance of arrows and peduncles of orchids with a comfortable and long-term plant growth.

The best result was shown by a balanced composition: biohumus 10%, wood bark 50%, moss sphagnum 15%, expanded clay 10%, charcoal 5%, peat peat 10%.

The technical result is an increase in the effectiveness of the finished soil for growing orchids.

The technical result is achieved due to the composition of the claimed bio-soil for orchids, including a humic-containing additive, characterized in that it contains biohumus as a humic-containing additive, in the following ratio of components,%:

Comparative test results of the two samples show that a decrease in pH, nitrate nitrogen, water-soluble phosphorus and water-soluble potassium has a beneficial effect on the quality of the soil, increasing its effectiveness.

The first sample showed an excess of nitrogen and potassium, which led to the following results. An excess of nitrogen is also expressed in an unusually fast growth of an orchid, in softening and cracking of plant tissues, in short flowering or in general rejection of it for a period of up to 2-3 years. Overfed plants are most susceptible to various kinds of diseases and are very loved by sucking pests, especially spider mites and mealybugs.

Excess potassium leads to a blockage of nitrogen supply with all the ensuing consequences - with a severe lack of nitrogen, old leaves die off quickly, the plant loses its strength, stops giving arrows and peduncles.

In the second sample, the biohumus content was limited to 10%, as well as 10% of peat. The result showed the effectiveness of the composition of the soil. The plant restored its healthy appearance, after three days a new fresh leaf and a new arrow appeared, after seven days the orchid began to pick up buds and bloomed. The smaller amount of potassium in comparison with the tests of the first sample, according to the results of the second sample, ensures a normal metabolism, regulating the construction of protein and carbohydrates, it is closely related to the intensity of photosynthesis, the flow and preservation of water in orchid cells, in addition, with an optimal potassium content, plants have more resistant immunity against pests and more gently tolerate a lack of moisture or low temperatures. The greatest amount of potassium is found in young leaves of orchids, and with a general lack of it, the substance is redistributed from old tissues to new ones, so one of the first signs of a lack of potassium is the mass death of old leaves. From the external environment, potassium is absorbed by orchids without special difficulties, therefore, a lack of substance is quite rare.

Also in the second sample there is a balanced amount of nitrogen, this is expressed in the fact that the leaves of the orchid grow strong, juicy, and a healthy green color is present in the color. Nitrogen is also one of the main building materials that orchids need for protein synthesis and the normal development of green mass. In nature, nitrogen is found in many organic substances and can easily be absorbed by the plant on its own. Therefore, the claimed bio-soil creates favorable conditions for the orchid, as close as possible to natural. When transplanting, the plant does not experience stress, quickly adapts, quickly gives the result in the form of arrows, the appearance of new leaves and peduncles.

The presence of calcium in the first and second samples is optimal. Calcium is responsible for the process of reproduction and division of cells (especially meristemic) and the development of the root system. Self-absorption of a substance from the environment is quite difficult, therefore, it is artificial feeding of plants (in the form of fertilizer) that is very important. Calcium takes care of the correct pH ratio of the substrate, helping the root system to absorb many substances that are beneficial for orchids. For normal root function, the pH should be between 5.5 and 6.5. Therefore, a balanced amount of calcium in each case of testing the sample will positively affect the state of the orchid.

Implementation example

Composition of bio-soil: biohumus - 10%, wood bark - 50%, moss-sphagnum - 15%, expanded clay - 10%, charcoal - 5%, peat peat - 10%.

The soil composition of the tree bark should be 50-60%, this is very important, because the bark is responsible for air capacity, breathability, so that the soil is not heavy and does not retain moisture; 15% of the moss is needed so that not a large amount of water is in the ground for moisture, but not dampness. For some types of orchids, moss needs to be laid on top. Biohumus is enough 10%, a larger amount will create too much concentration. Expanded clay - 10% is necessary to ensure the air capacity and moisture resistance of the soil. Charcoal - 5% is necessary to eliminate fungal diseases so that the orchid does not hurt and mold is protected. High peat - in the amount of 10%, since peat is used for friability, moisture, in addition, peat contains nutrients and trace elements that complement the action of biohumus. Thanks to peat, biohumus is not so concentrated; it is easily mixed with biohumus.

Use bio soil as follows.

The first way. A drainage consisting of expanded clay is laid on the bottom of the pot, which should be equipped with drainage holes. Next, lay a layer of peat, then lay a layer of bio-soil. A plant is planted in the prepared hole, top-up with bio-soil. You can not kill the substrate in the pot with a strong seal, you can also not loosen the caked mixture. From above, the bio-soil can be covered with a layer of one and a half centimeters with fresh moss - sphagnum.

The second way. The drainage consisting of expanded clay is laid on the bottom of the pot, which should be equipped with drainage holes. Next, a layer of bio-soil is laid. A plant is planted in the prepared depression, and it is top-added with bio-soil, avoiding compaction of bio-soil around the plant. From above, for certain types of orchids, the bio-soil can be covered with a layer of one to one and a half centimeters with moss - sphagnum.

Claims (1)

Bio soil for orchids, including wood bark, moss sphagnum, expanded clay, charcoal, peat, characterized in that as an organic component includes biohumus, while the constituents are included in the following proportion,%:
Vermicompost 8-12 Tree bark 40-60 Moss sphagnum 10-20 Expanded clay 8-12 Charcoal 4-6 Horse peat 8-12