RU2664296C1 - Enriched ecological black soil, enriched concentrated soil solution, method and device for producing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to the agriculture. Enriched ecological black soil is a structured soil with a humus content of more than 10 %, the structure of which is formed by small 0.1–0.3 mm and large up to 10 mm lumps, with color from light brown to black and acidity of pH 6–8, inhabited by earthworms and microflora, characteristic of virgin chernozem and including cellulose-destroying fungi, tropholytic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, destructors of nitrogenous compounds, is enriched with irreplaceable trace elements in the species assimilated by plants, and also contains microorganisms-symbionts of those plant species that are planned to grow. Enriched concentrated soil solution – water extract of enriched ecological black soil. Method for producing enriched ecological black soil and enriched concentrated soil solution. Device for producing enriched ecological black soil and enriched concentrated soil solution.

EFFECT: inventions enable enrichment of ecological black soil and concentrated soil solution with microelements and symbionts.

10 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of means of increasing fertility and improving the environment, and can be used both in private small-scale industries and in large-scale industrial production. The main tool for the production of plant products is soil. Of all soil types, natural chernozem possesses the greatest biological activity, the black color of which gives a high content of humus. Chernozem is not only characterized by a high content of humus, but also by the composition of the soil inhabitants, and a lumpy air and moisture permeable structure that creates comfortable living conditions for these inhabitants, while aerobic soil microorganisms live on the surface of the soil lumps and anaerobic soil organisms inside the lumps. In modern conditions, in natural chernozems, the process of reducing the content of humus and, as a consequence, the decrease in the natural fertility of the soil have been going on for a long time. Now, soil with a humus content of 2% is considered good. Maintaining productivity with fertilizers reduces the quality and usefulness of products and degrades the environment. In addition, humus becomes inaccessible to plants due to the lack of microorganisms - humus destructors due to excessive use of agrochemicals.

The increase in humus content in soil under natural conditions is a very lengthy process that is not consistent with intensive agricultural production.

It is known to obtain and use to increase the yield of artificial soil - ecochernozem and water extract from it - a concentrated soil solution (RF patent No. 2433109, IPC C05G 3/08, C05F 11/08, prior. 05.08.2009).

Ecochernozem is a soil with a light brown to black color with an acidity of pH 6 ... 8, the structure of which is formed by small 0.1 ... 0.3 mm and large up to 10 mm lumps with a humus content of 5 ... 8% or more, inhabited by earthworms and microflora, characteristic of virgin chernozems and including cellulose-depleting fungi, lithotrophic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrogen compounds destructors.

Concentrated soil solution is a liquid with a color from light yellow to dark brown, pH 6 ... 8, contains components of humus and microflora dissolved in water, characteristic of virgin chernozems.

The concentrated soil solution contains both living microorganisms and bacterial spores. Of particular importance are the spores of an aerobic bacterium - hay bacillus, which when applied by spraying receives the right amount of oxygen, rapidly develops and displaces pathogenic microorganisms.

These substances, as the closest in composition to the claimed, are taken as a prototype.

They significantly increase soil fertility and strengthen the immunity of plants grown with their use.

Their disadvantage is the insufficient number of trace elements necessary for the development of plants and animals that consume plants, as well as the insufficient development of plant immunity.

The purpose of the invention is to enrich these substances with microelements and microorganisms-symbionts.

This goal is achieved by the fact that enriched ecochernozem is a structured soil with a humus content of more than 10%, the structure of which is formed by small 0.1-0.3 mm and large lumps up to 10 mm, with a color from light brown to black and acidity pH 6 -8, populated by earthworms and microflora, characteristic of virgin chernozems and including cellulose-destroying fungi, lithotrophic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen compounds destructors, containing fossil humus and microorganisms Mbionts of those plant species that are planned to be grown.

This goal is also achieved by the fact that the concentrated enriched soil solution is an aqueous extract from enriched eco-chernozem containing enriched humus components and microflora dissolved in water, containing microorganisms-destructors of organic compounds, containing both living microorganisms and bacterial spores, as well as irreplaceable microelements in the form assimilated by plants and microorganisms-symbionts of those plant species that are planned to be grown, having a color from light yellow to dark brown and pH 6-8.

Modern humus, including that found in eco-chernozem, does not contain a sufficient amount of trace elements .. The content of essential trace elements was significantly higher in plants of previous geological eras, which over time have been transformed into combustible minerals. However, simply introducing a combustible mineral, such as ground brown coal, into the soil is useless, because it has no means to deliver it to plants. During the creation of enriched black earth, symbiotic microorganisms are formed in its composition, capable of converting fossil fuels into soluble matter, and which settle on the roots of the plant. These microorganisms are specific, i.e. for each type of plant there are both universal, inherent in many types of plants, and specific, inherent in this type of plant.

Apparently, these same symbiont microorganisms increase the natural immunity of plants, which during normal cultivation is insufficient. The concentrated soil solution enriched initially contains symbiotic microorganisms with the necessary properties, able to act immediately and multiply faster.

A method of producing enriched and concentrated enriched soil ecochernozem consists in creating a drainage system in isolated containers, placing a horizontal layer of enriched ecochernozem above it, processing organic-mineral mixture mixed with ground fossil fuels in an amount of up to 10% of the total layer volume and with crushed sprouts-carriers of the desired microflora, grown separately, in an amount of 1 ... 2% of the total layer volume, over the processed organomineral s a layer of waterproof mulch with a thickness of 2 ... 5 mm is placed with the mixture, optimal conditions for processing are maintained, and after processing is completed, a spill is carried out by sprinkling and the filtrate is collected.

With increased humidity of the processed waste, in order to achieve air permeability of the mixture, sorbent components are added to it in the amount of 10-60% of the total layer volume.

To speed up the processing processes, all components of the horizontal layer are pre-crushed to a particle size of 1-2 mm.

The purpose of the invention is also achieved by the fact that half of the fossil fuels are crushed to a particle size of not more than 2 mm, and the other half to a size of not more than 1 μm.

Maintaining optimal conditions for processing may consist in measuring the temperature and humidity in the room and maintaining the room temperature of 20-25 ° C and relative humidity of more than 65%. The completion of processing can be determined by achieving transparency of the filtrate.

The filtrate collected after completion of the processing of the layer and the spill is poured into the sump and kept in it until the suspension of suspended particles settles completely, then the filtrate is drained from the tap located above the sediment layer.

The purpose of the invention is also achieved by the fact that the device for producing ecochernozem enriched and concentrated soil solution enriched contains a room with means for supplying and heating air, a container for growing sprouts and a container with a liquid permeable bottom placed in the room, inside each of which a layer is placed from the bottom up enriched ecochernozem, a recyclable layer of organic-mineral mixture and a layer of waterproof mulch, irrigation devices are placed above the containers, and grinders of sprouts, vegetation and livestock waste, sorbent, the outlets of which are connected to the inlet of the mixer, the other inlets of which are connected to the outlets of the hammer mill and disintegrator, connected by the inlet to the outlet of the hammer mill, and under the liquid-permeable bottom of the tank there is a chute for collecting the filtrate. We will consider the implementation of the method by the example of the operation of the device shown schematically in the figure.

The device comprises a chopper 1, grinding sprouts, a chopper 2, grinding plant and livestock waste, a chopper 3 for sorbing additives. The grinders 1, 2, 3, as well as the outputs of the hammer mill 4 and the disintegrator 5 are connected by outputs to the mixer 6, equipped with an electric drive 7 and supplying the mixture to room 8, where containers 9 with a drained bottom 10 are installed (one of the containers is shown), above the bottom 10 from bottom to top there is a layer 11 of ecochernozem enriched, a layer 12 of a processed organic-mineral mixture, a layer 13 of mulch. Under the bottom of the container 9 there is a trough 14, through which the filtrate flows into the vessel 15. In the room 8 there is also a container 16 with eco-black soil 17, on which the sprouts 18 are grown. In the room 8, watering means 19 are located above the containers 9 and 15.

The operation of the device is as follows: seeds of a plant are sown in a container 15 in eco-chernozem 17, for which the next portion of a concentrated soil solution is enriched, for example, wheat grain. The duration of cultivation to the optimum size of sprouts is 3-7 days. Then the sprouts are extracted with the roots and fed to the chopper 1. By the end of the cultivation in the chopper 2, the plant and animal waste is crushed to a particle size of 1 ... 2 mm. If the mixture is not sufficiently air- and moisture-permeable, sorbent components passed through the grinder 3 are added to the mixer 6. Combustible fossil, for example, brown coal, is loaded into the hammer mill 4, the sieve of which has openings with a diameter of 2 mm. Particles of this size are divided into two equal parts, one of which is fed into the mixer 6, and the other is mixed with water and fed to the disintegrator 5, for example, a cavitation homogenizer, grinding particles to a size of 0.1 μm, after which they are also fed to the mixer 6 Particles of brown coal up to 1 micron in size - readily available food for worms and bacteria-destructors of organics, for example, for hay bacillus. The mixer 6 in the process should not squeeze the mixture, so it is a rotating drum with a displaced center of gravity and is driven by an electric drive 7.

The uniformly mixed mixture enters the tank 9, where the layer 11 of ecochernozem enriched from the previous processing cycle is already located. A layer 12 of a mixed mixture 3-7 cm thick is laid on it. A layer of waterproof mulch 2 ... 5 mm thick is laid on top of it; any components not washed out by water that are part of the raw material for the production of eco-black soil can be used as mulch. Organisms and microorganisms spread from below into layer 12, find food here and multiply. At the same time, they process large particles. The frequency of the spill should be at least once every ten days. In room 8, the optimum temperature and humidity are maintained, due to which microorganisms act and multiply not only inside the worms, but also outside them, which significantly increases the processing speed. The end of the processing is determined by achieving the transparency of the liquid flowing down the trough 14. After this, the tank 15 is released, spilled and concentrated enriched soil solution is collected in the tank 15. Then it is defended in a separate container and drained without sediment. In this form, it can be stored for a long time. After spilling, a new layer 12 is loaded into the container 9 and the processing cycle is repeated. After filling the tank 9, the finished ecochernozem enriched is unloaded from it.

The use of the invented substances for growing plants under experimental conditions showed an increase in yield by 10% compared with ecochernozem and by 30% compared with control.

Claims (10)

1. Ecochernozem enriched - structured soil with a humus content of more than 10%, the structure of which is formed by small 0.1-0.3 mm and large up to 10 mm lumps with a color from light brown to black and acidity pH 6-8, populated by earthworms and microflora, characteristic of virgin chernozems and including cellulose-destroying fungi, lithotrophic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen compounds destructors, enriched with essential microelements in the form assimilated by plants, as well as containing t symbiont microorganisms of those plant species that are planned to be grown. 2. Concentrated enriched soil solution - an aqueous extract from enriched ecochernozem containing enriched humus components and microflora dissolved in water, containing microorganisms-destructors of organic compounds, containing both living microorganisms and bacterial spores, as well as irreplaceable microelements in the form assimilated by plants and microorganisms -symbionts of those plant species that are planned to grow, has a color from light yellow to dark brown and an acidity of pH 6-8. 3. A method of producing enriched and concentrated enriched soil ecochernozem, which consists in creating a drainage system in isolated containers, placing a horizontal layer of enriched ecochernozem above it, and processing organic-mineral mixture mixed with ground fossil fuels in an amount of up to 10% the total volume of the layer and with crushed sprouts-carriers of the desired microflora, grown separately in an amount of 1 ... 2% of the total volume of the layer, over the processed organomineral the mixture is used to place a layer of waterproof mulch with a thickness of 2 ... 5 mm, maintain optimal conditions for processing, and after processing is completed, a spill is carried out by sprinkling and the filtrate is collected. 4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that in order to achieve breathability of the mixture, sorbent components are added to it in an amount of 10-60% of the total volume of the layer. 5. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that to accelerate the processing processes, all components of the horizontal layer are pre-crushed to a particle size of 1-2 mm 6. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that half of the fossil fuels are crushed to a particle size of not more than 2 mm, and the other half to a size of not more than 1 μm. 7. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the maintenance of optimal conditions for processing is performed by measuring the temperature and humidity in the room and maintaining the room temperature of 20-25 ° C and relative humidity of more than 65%. 8. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the completion of the processing is determined by achieving transparency of the filtrate. 9. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the collected filtrate is poured into a settling tank and kept there until the suspended particles are completely sedimented, then the filtrate is drained from a tap located above the sediment layer. 10. A device for producing ecochernozem enriched and concentrated soil solution enriched, containing a room with means for supplying and heating air, a container for growing sprouts and a container with a liquid permeable bottom placed in the room, inside each of which a layer of ecochernozem enriched, processed layer is placed organic-mineral mixture and a layer of waterproof mulch, watering devices are placed above the containers, grinders of sprouts, waste plants are installed outdoors spine and livestock sorbent, the outputs of which are connected to the mixer inputs, the other inputs of which are connected to the outputs of a hammer mill and a disintegrant, an input connected to the output of the hammer mill, and under the liquid-permeable container bottom located chute for collecting the filtrate.

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