RU2683529C1 - Method for producing concentrated soil solution enriched - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.SUBSTANCE: method consists in creation of drainage system in isolated reservoirs. Eco-blackened eco-friendly horizontal layer is placed above it. Above it there is processed organomineral mixture mixed with ground combustible fossil in amount of up to 10 % of total volume of layer and with ground germs – carriers of required microflora, grown separately in amount of 1…2 % of total volume of layer. Above the organomineral mixture there is a layer of water-resistant mulch of thickness 2…5 mm. Maintaining temperature of 20–25 °C and relative humidity of more than 65 %. After completion of processing, the top wormsite layer is unloaded, and the lower layer is mixed with water of at least 2 volumes from the volume of the lower layer and supplied to a cavitator which grinds solid particles to a size of less than 1 mcm. From the cavitator the solution enters the settling vessel. After cooling down to 35 °C the solution is populated with soil microorganisms by adding a concentrated soil solution enriched in amount of 0.1–1 % of the volume of the solution in the settler. Resisted at temperature of 20–25 °C not less than a day. Drain through the tap located above the sediment level.EFFECT: invention provides higher concentration of the solution.6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of means of increasing fertility and environmental improvement, and can be used both in private small-scale industries and in large-scale industrial production. The main tool for the production of plant products is soil. Of all soil types, natural chernozem possesses the greatest biological activity, the black color of which gives a high content of humus. Chernozem is not only characterized by a high content of humus, but also by the composition of the soil inhabitants, and a lumpy air and moisture permeable structure that creates comfortable living conditions for these inhabitants, while aerobic soil microorganisms live on the surface of the soil lumps and anaerobic soil organisms inside the lumps. In modern conditions, in natural chernozems, the process of reducing the content of humus and, as a consequence, the decrease in the natural fertility of the soil have been going on for a long time. Now, soil with a humus content of 2% is considered good. Maintaining productivity with fertilizers reduces the quality and usefulness of products and degrades the environment. In addition, humus becomes inaccessible to plants due to the absence of microorganisms, destructors of humus due to excessive use of agrochemicals.

The increase in humus content in soil under natural conditions is a very lengthy process that is not consistent with intensive agricultural production.

It is known to obtain and use for increasing the yield of artificial soil - enriched black earth and water extract from it - a concentrated soil solution enriched, as well as a method for producing these substances (RF patent No. 2664296, IPC C05G 3/08, C05F 11/08, prior. 27.11. 2017).

These substances are the most effective means of restoring the natural composition of virgin soil, which was highly fertile. Enriched Concentrated Soil Solution (KPRO) is very convenient in transportation, storage and use.

The concentrated enriched soil solution contains the necessary trace elements, living microorganisms and bacterial spores. Of particular importance are the spores of an aerobic bacterium - hay bacillus, which, when sprayed, receives the right amount of oxygen, rapidly develops and displaces pathogenic microorganisms.

The production method set forth in the aforementioned patent consists in creating a drainage system in insulated containers, placing a horizontal layer of enriched eco-chernozem above it, processing organic-mineral mixture mixed with crushed fossil fuels in an amount of up to 10% of the total layer volume and with crushed sprouts - carriers of the desired microflora, grown separately, in an amount of 1 ... 2% of the total volume of the layer, a layer of waterproof mulch with a thickness of 2 is placed over the processed organic-mineral mixture 5 mm, is maintained optimum conditions for processing, and after completion of processing carried out by sprinkling the strait and the filtrate was collected.

This method, as the only known method of obtaining a CRM, is adopted as a prototype.

Its disadvantage is the low concentration of the solution (dry residue not more than 1.5%).

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and concentration of the solution.

This goal is achieved by creating a drainage system in isolated containers, placing a horizontal layer of enriched eco-chernozem above it, processing organic-mineral mixture mixed with ground fossil fuels in an amount of up to 10% of the total volume of the layer and with ground sprouts - carriers of the desired microflora, grown separately in an amount of 1 ... 2% of the total volume of the layer, a layer of waterproof mulch with a thickness of 2 ... 5 mm is placed over the processed organic-mineral mixture, and optimal conditions for processing, after the completion of which the upper wormworm layer is unloaded, and the lower layer is mixed with water of at least 2 volumes from the volume of the lower layer and fed to a cavitator, grinding solid particles to a size of less than 1 micron, from the cavitator, the solution enters the settling tank , after cooling to 35 degrees, the solution is populated with soil microorganisms by introducing a concentrated soil solution enriched in an amount of from 0.1 to 1%, of the volume of the solution in the sump, kept at a temperature of 20-25 ° C for at least a day, p What follows is drained through a tap located above the sludge level.

If necessary, to achieve air permeability of the mixture, sorbent components are added to it in the amount of 10-60% of the total volume of the layer.

To speed up the processing processes, all components of the horizontal layer are pre-crushed to a particle size of 1-2 mm.

Half of the fossil fuels are crushed to a particle size of not more than 2 mm, and the other half to a size of not more than 1 μm.

Maintaining optimal conditions for processing is carried out by measuring the temperature and humidity in the room and maintaining the room temperature of 20-25 ° C and relative humidity of more than 65%.

The completion of processing is determined by achieving transparency of the filtrate. When identical with the prototype in composition and number of starting components and close process duration, the concentration rises to 15% of the solution volume.

The use of particle grinding to increase the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer is known (RF patent 2558920, IPC C05F 11 | 00, prior. 12.20.2012). The disadvantage of this technique is the lower concentration of dry matter (not higher than 1.5%).

In the present invention, a mixture of ecochernozem enriched with water is passed through a cavitator, which provides deeper crushing of solid particles (to a size of not more than 1 μm), which ensures the formation of a colloidal solution, which remains without separation at a significantly higher concentration. However, the microflora in this case dies in a significant part. To restore it, up to 1% KPRO containing the necessary microorganisms, which multiply during exposure, is introduced into the solution after the cavitator.

Thus, the result of the invention is achieved only by a combination of all the essential features of the formula in their interaction.

As a cavitator, the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2296005, IPC B01J 19/08, prior. August 19, 2005). It was used to process solutions of similar composition, which were then stored without separation for about 10 years.

In the experiment on grinding ecochernozem enriched on this cavitator, a result of 13.6% on dry matter was achieved (see appendix).

The implementation of the proposed method is considered on the example of the operation of the device, a diagram of which is shown in the figure.

It contains a chopper 1, grinding sprouts, a chopper 2, grinding plant and livestock waste, a chopper 3 for sorbing additives. The grinders 1, 2, 3, as well as the outputs of the hammer mill 4 and the disintegrator 5 are connected by outputs to the mixer 6, equipped with an electric drive 7, and supplying the mixture to the room 8, where the containers 9 with a drained bottom 10 are installed (one of the containers is shown), above the bottom 10 from bottom to top there is a layer 11 of ecochernozem enriched, a layer 12 of a processed organic-mineral mixture, a layer 13 of mulch. In room 8 there is also a cavitator 14 and a tank-settler 15 connected with its output, and a tank 16 with ecochernozem 17, on which sprouts 18 are grown. In room 8, watering means 19 are located above containers 9 and 15.

The operation of the device is as follows: seeds of a plant are sown in a container 15 in eco-chernozem 17, for which the next portion of a concentrated soil solution is enriched, for example, wheat grain. The duration of cultivation to the optimum size of sprouts is 3-7 days. Then the sprouts are extracted with the roots and fed to the chopper 1. By the end of the cultivation in the chopper 2, the plant and animal waste is crushed to a particle size of 1 ... 2 mm. If the mixture is not sufficiently air- and moisture-permeable, sorbent components passed through the grinder 3 are added to the mixer 6. Combustible fossil, for example, brown coal, is loaded into the hammer mill 4, the sieve of which has openings with a diameter of 2 mm. Particles of this size are divided into two equal parts, one of which is fed into the mixer 6, and the other is mixed with water and fed to the disintegrator 5, for example, a cavitation homogenizer, grinding particles to a size of 0.1 μm, after which they are also fed to the mixer 6 Particles of brown coal up to 1 micron in size - readily available food for worms and bacteria-destructors of organics, for example, for hay bacillus. The mixer 6 in the process should not squeeze the mixture, so it is a rotating drum with a displaced center of gravity and is driven by an electric drive 7. The uniformly mixed mixture enters the tank 9, where the wormworm layer 11 of black earth enriched from the previous processing cycle is already located. A layer 12 of a mixed mixture 3-7 cm thick is laid on it. A layer of waterproof mulch 2 ... 5 mm thick is laid on top of it; any components not washed out by water that are part of the raw material for the production of eco-black soil can be used as mulch. From below, worms and microorganisms spread in layer 12, find food here and multiply. At the same time, they process large particles. The frequency of the spill should be at least once every ten days.

In room 8, the optimum temperature and humidity are maintained, due to which microorganisms act and multiply not only inside the worms, but also outside them, which significantly increases the processing speed. The end of processing is determined by reaching the transparency of the liquid flowing through the drained bottom 10. After this, the upper wormworm layer of the obtained ecochernozem enriched is removed, and the lower layer is mixed with two volumes of water and fed to the inlet of the cavitator 14 (mixing and feeding means - mixer, pump, pipes - not shown). In the cavitator 14, the mixture passes through a series of constrictions and expansions, the shock pressures arising in this process crush the solid particles, the solution becomes colloidal, and heats up. In this state, it enters the settling tank 15, where it cools to a temperature of no higher than 35 ° C. In the tank 15 add KPRO in the amount of 0.1-1% of the volume of the solution. The microorganisms contained in this supplement multiply and populate the entire solution within 24 hours. Then it is drained without sediment. In this form, it can be stored for a long time.

The previously removed wormhole layer 11 is loaded into the container 9, a new layer 12 is laid on it, and the processing cycle is repeated.

According to the results of the analysis of the product obtained at the NIIKhT, the dry matter content in it is 13.6%.

To distinguish the obtained product from that obtained by the prototype method, we propose to call it “concentrated colloidal soil solution” (KPROK).

Claims (6)

1. A method of obtaining a concentrated enriched soil solution, which consists in creating a drainage system in isolated containers, placing a horizontal layer of enriched black earth above it, processing organic-mineral mixture mixed with ground fossil fuels in an amount of up to 10% of the total layer volume and with crushed sprouts - carriers of the desired microflora, grown separately in an amount of 1 ... 2% of the total volume of the layer, a layer of water is placed over the processed organomineral mixture optimal mulch with a thickness of 2 ... 5 mm, maintain optimal conditions for processing, after which the upper wormworm layer is unloaded, and the lower layer is mixed with water at least 2 volumes from the volume of the lower layer and fed into a cavitator, grinding solid particles to a size of less than 1 μm, from the cavitator, the solution enters the settling tank, after cooling to 35 ° C, the solution is populated with soil microorganisms by introducing a concentrated soil solution enriched in an amount from 0.1 to 1% of the solution volume in the settler, yderzhivayut at a temperature of 20-25 ° C for at least days, and then drained through a tap located above the sludge level. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in order to achieve breathability of the mixture, sorbent components are added to it in an amount of 10-60% of the total volume of the layer. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that to accelerate the processing processes, all components of the horizontal layer are pre-crushed to a particle size of 1-2 mm 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that half of the fossil fuels are crushed to a particle size of not more than 2 mm, and the other half to a size of not more than 1 μm. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the maintenance of optimal conditions for processing is performed by measuring the temperature and humidity in the room and maintaining the temperature of 20-25 ° C and relative humidity of more than 65%. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the completion of the processing is determined upon reaching the transparency of the filtrate.

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