JP2007176759A - Microbial material using earthworm excrement and its use - Google Patents
Microbial material using earthworm excrement and its use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007176759A JP2007176759A JP2005378545A JP2005378545A JP2007176759A JP 2007176759 A JP2007176759 A JP 2007176759A JP 2005378545 A JP2005378545 A JP 2005378545A JP 2005378545 A JP2005378545 A JP 2005378545A JP 2007176759 A JP2007176759 A JP 2007176759A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bacteria
- earthworm feces
- soil
- microbial material
- extract
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、ミミズ糞に含まれる土壌微生物を利用した微生物資材に関するもので、特に、ミミズ糞に含まれる土壌微生物を主成分としながらも短時間で機能を発揮するばかりでなく、保存性にも優れたミミズ糞を利用した微生物資材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a microbial material using soil microorganisms contained in earthworm feces, and in particular, not only functions in a short time while also having soil microorganisms contained in earthworm feces as a main component, but also in storage stability. The present invention relates to a microbial material using excellent earthworm feces.
ミミズの糞は、各種の有用な土壌微生物を含んでいることから、古くから圃場の団粒化促進材として、あるいは中熟堆肥と同様、肥料成分を有する土壌改良材として使用されている（例えば、特許文献１及び特許文献２参照）。
Since earthworm feces contain various useful soil microorganisms, they have been used for a long time as a field aggregation promoting material in the field, or as a soil improvement material having a fertilizer component like middle-aged compost (for example,
また、ミミズの糞に含まれる放線菌は土壌病害駆除に役立つ。このため、特許文献３には、ミミズ糞に含まれる放線菌を選択的に高濃度に増殖させるべく、ミミズ糞に光合成細菌を配合した土壌改良材が提案されている。
Actinomycetes contained in earthworm feces are useful for controlling soil diseases. For this reason,
そして、ミミズの糞は粒状物質であるため、粒材あるいは粉材としてそのまま土壌に散布し、あるいは土壌に鋤き込むことによって土壌改良材等として使用される。例えば、特許文献１には、収集した糞を篩にかけて不純物を除去し、自然乾燥等により水分が例えば30%程度等の適度になるように調整したものを畑土壌等に混入して使用することが記載されている。
And since earthworm feces is a granular substance, it is used as a soil conditioner or the like by spraying it directly on the soil as a granule or powder, or by swallowing it into the soil. For example, in
しかし、こうしたミミズ糞を用いた従来の資材は、物理的形態がいずれも粒状物であるため、土壌に散布等しても、土壌環境改善のために少なくとも２ヶ月くらいの土壌養成期間が必要となる。土壌環境の改善には、まずミミズの糞中の栄養成分が土壌中へ拡散するとともにミミズ糞中の微生物も土壌中に拡散し、土壌環境中にミクロフローラを形成することが必要だからである。 However, these conventional materials using earthworm feces are all granular in physical form, so even if they are sprayed on the soil, a soil cultivation period of at least 2 months is required to improve the soil environment. Become. This is because, in order to improve the soil environment, first, nutrient components in earthworm feces diffuse into the soil, and microorganisms in earthworm feces also diffuse into the soil to form microflora in the soil environment.
また、粒状物質としてのミミズ糞は、運搬に嵩張るだけでなく、施用も煩雑な手作業になり、多大の労力が必要となる。 Moreover, the earthworm feces as a granular substance is not only bulky for transportation, but also the application is complicated and requires a lot of labor.
ミミズ糞に光合成細菌を配合した土壌改良資材も、上記した問題点を解消するものではない。しかも、この技術は、光合成細菌がバチルス属細菌のように耐乾燥性の微生物ではないため、ミミズの糞に混合して乾燥させた場合、そのほとんどが死滅してしまうおそれがある。したがって、商品形態が乾燥粒材あるいは乾燥粉材のミミズ糞の場合、そこに配合された光合成細菌は、死菌としての役割、すなわち、光合成細菌菌体成分の植物に対する肥料成分の役割しかないことになる。 The soil improvement material which mix | blended photosynthetic bacteria with earthworm feces does not solve the above-mentioned problem. In addition, since this technique is not a drought-resistant microorganism like the Bacillus genus, most of them may be killed when mixed with earthworm feces and dried. Therefore, when the product form is earthworm feces of dry granule material or dry powder material, the photosynthetic bacteria mixed there have only a role as dead fungi, that is, as a fertilizer component for plants of photosynthetic bacterial cell components become.
本発明の目的は、このような従来技術の問題点に鑑み、土壌への施用後、短期間で土壌の団粒化や施肥効果を発揮することができ、しかも、嵩張らず、運搬や取扱いを容易に行うことのできることのできる、ミミズ糞を利用した微生物資材を提供することにある。
また、もう一つの本発明の目的は、光合成細菌を生菌資材として使用できるばかりでなく、液体資材であるにもかかわらず、長期保存可能なミミズ糞を利用した微生物資材を提供することにある。
更に、本発明の別の目的は、ミミズ糞に含まれる土壌微生物を土壌改良以外に他に使用する方法を確立することにある。
In view of the problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to exhibit soil agglomeration and fertilization effects in a short period of time after application to soil, and it is not bulky and can be transported and handled. An object of the present invention is to provide a microbial material using earthworm feces that can be easily performed.
Another object of the present invention is not only to use photosynthetic bacteria as viable material, but also to provide a microbial material using earthworm feces that can be stored for a long time despite being a liquid material. .
Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to establish a method for using soil microorganisms contained in earthworm feces in addition to soil improvement.
上記した目的を達成するために本発明は、次の構成を備える。
すなわち、請求項１に係るミミズ糞を利用した微生物資材は、ミミズ糞に含まれる土壌微生物の抽出液（以下、単に抽出液という）に、微好気性菌を含む絶対好気性菌を添加して成る。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the following arrangement.
That is, the microbial material using earthworm feces according to
本発明にいう抽出液とは、ミミズの糞に所要の水、例えば塩素や各種の化学物質を含有しないイオン水などを添加して土壌微生物を抽出した液分をいう。
抽出液に添加される微好気性菌を含む絶対好気性菌とは、例えば紅色非硫黄細菌などの光合成細菌や、乳酸菌などを含む微生物をいう。紅色非硫黄細菌の場合、種の種類を問わないが、本発明を実施するうえでは、ロドバクター・キャプスラータ（ Rhodobacter capsulata）が特に望ましい。
The extract referred to in the present invention refers to a liquid obtained by extracting soil microorganisms by adding required water, for example, ionic water not containing chlorine or various chemical substances, to earthworm feces.
The absolute aerobic bacterium including the microaerobic bacterium added to the extract refers to a microorganism including a photosynthetic bacterium such as a red non-sulfur bacterium or a lactic acid bacterium. In the case of a red non-sulfur bacterium, regardless of the kind of species, Rhodobacter capsulata is particularly desirable for carrying out the present invention.
ミミズの糞にはストレプトマイセス属放線菌やシュードモナス、ミクロコッカス、バチルスなどの土壌細菌が生息していることが知られている。 It is known that earthworm dung are inhabited by soil bacteria such as Streptomyces genus actinomycetes, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Bacillus.
しかし、その一方で、ミミズの糞は、ミミズが食物として摂取した土壌微生物や腐植などが、腸管から分泌される粘液よって消化される過程で、腸管に生息する微生物と混錬され、排出されるものであるため、その糞粒中には、腸内細菌や糸状菌も生息している。 On the other hand, earthworm feces are kneaded with microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal tract during the process in which soil microorganisms and humus ingested by the earthworm are digested by mucus secreted from the intestine. Therefore, intestinal bacteria and filamentous fungi inhabit the feces.
腸内細菌は、硫化水素やメチルメルカプタン、硫化メチル、二硫化メチルといった有毒性の悪臭物質を生成する代表的な通性嫌気性菌である。このため、ミミズの糞に含まれる土壌微生物を抽出した液は、抽出直後に使用する場合以外、保存している間にミミズの糞から抽出された腸内細菌の増殖により上記有害物質が生成され、いわゆる腐った水の状態になり易い。 Enterobacteria are typical facultative anaerobes that produce toxic malodorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, and methyl disulfide. For this reason, the liquid extracted from soil microorganisms contained in earthworm feces produces the above harmful substances due to the growth of intestinal bacteria extracted from earthworm feces during storage, except when used immediately after extraction. , So-called rotten water.
このような状態になった抽出液を、土壌に還元したり、植物に施用した場合、その土壌や植物に対して極めて有害な作用を及ぼす可能性がある。 When the extract in such a state is reduced to soil or applied to plants, it may have a very harmful effect on the soil and plants.
紅色非硫黄細菌は、低い溶存酸素濃度のところでも生育できる好気性菌であるので、腸内細菌等の増殖により酸素濃度が低下したところでも生育することができる。このため、バチルス等通常の好気性菌であれば、溶存酸素濃度の低下によって活性を失い、通性嫌気性菌の増殖を許してしまうことになるが、紅色非硫黄細菌の場合はかなり低い酸素濃度のところでも生育できるので、通性嫌気性菌の栄養源を奪うことになり、結果として腐敗防止の役割を果たすことになる。 Since the red non-sulfur bacterium is an aerobic bacterium that can grow even at a low dissolved oxygen concentration, it can grow even when the oxygen concentration is lowered by the proliferation of enteric bacteria or the like. For this reason, if it is a normal aerobic bacterium such as Bacillus, it will lose its activity due to a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration and allow the growth of facultative anaerobes. Since it can grow even at a concentration, it deprives the nutrient source of facultative anaerobes, and as a result, plays a role in preventing spoilage.
また、生菌として、抽出液中に共存することから、放線菌の増殖にも役立つ。 Moreover, since it coexists in the extract as a living bacterium, it is useful for the growth of actinomycetes.
前記絶対好気性菌は、上記抽出液の腐敗を進行させる微生物の増殖を抑制する程度の量、例えば、生菌として１mlあたり107から109細胞存在する程度の量が添加される。 The absolute aerobic bacterium is added in such an amount as to suppress the growth of microorganisms that promote the decay of the extract, for example, an amount such that 10 7 to 10 9 cells are present per 1 ml as viable bacteria.
請求項２に係るミミズ糞を利用した微生物資材は、前記抽出液に、絶対好気性菌に加えて静菌物質が添加されて成る。
The microbial material using earthworm feces according to
静菌物質とは、糸状菌や通性嫌気性菌などの腐敗に寄与する微生物の生育を抑制する一方、光合成細菌等有用微生物の生育を阻害する可能性の低い、選択性を有する物質をいい、例えばデハイドロ酢酸が好ましい。 A bacteriostatic substance refers to a substance with selectivity that has a low possibility of inhibiting the growth of useful microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, while suppressing the growth of microorganisms that contribute to spoilage such as filamentous fungi and facultative anaerobes. For example, dehydroacetic acid is preferred.
デハイドロ酢酸は光合成細菌の生育抑制効果は微弱であるが、通性嫌気性菌や糸状菌の生育は強く抑制する。したがって、ミミズの糞の抽出液にデハイドロ酢酸を添加することにより、紅色非硫黄細菌の増殖はほとんど抑制されないが、通性嫌気性菌の増殖は著しく阻害されるため、抽出液の腐敗防止効果はより促進されることになる。 Although dehydroacetic acid has a weak growth inhibitory effect on photosynthetic bacteria, it strongly suppresses the growth of facultative anaerobes and filamentous fungi. Therefore, by adding dehydroacetic acid to the extract of earthworm feces, the growth of red non-sulfur bacteria is hardly suppressed, but the growth of facultative anaerobes is remarkably inhibited, so It will be promoted more.
デハイドロ酢酸は、ミミズ糞に含まれる土壌微生物抽出液に、例えば0.1〜1.0%の割合で添加される。 Dehydroacetic acid is added to the soil microorganism extract contained in earthworm feces at a rate of, for example, 0.1 to 1.0%.
本発明に係るミミズ糞を利用した微生物資材は、抽出液に、絶対好気性菌または絶対好気性菌及び静菌物質に、さらに、放線菌、ミネラル、及び絶対好気性菌栄養源を添加しても良い。微生物栄養源は、本資材の総量に対して2〜10%程度混入するのが望ましい。 The microbial material using earthworm feces according to the present invention is obtained by adding, to the extract, absolute aerobic bacteria or absolute aerobic bacteria and bacteriostatic substances, actinomycetes, minerals, and absolute aerobic bacteria nutrient sources Also good. It is desirable that the microbial nutrient source is mixed at about 2 to 10% with respect to the total amount of the material.
また、本微生物資材には、ミミズ糞中の土壌微生物に加えて各種のコンポストに含まれる微生物を添加するようにしても良い。 Moreover, you may make it add the microorganisms contained in various composts to this microorganism material in addition to the soil microorganism in earthworm dung.
請求項８と９に係る本微生物資材の使用法は、原液もしくは希釈液を圃場あるいは有機性廃棄物に散布して土壌を改良し、あるいは有機性廃棄物を醗酵させて堆肥化物とする点に特徴がある。対象となる有機性廃棄物には、食物残渣、し尿、下水汚泥など種々の腐敗性廃棄物を含む。 The method of using the present microbial material according to claims 8 and 9 is that the stock solution or diluted solution is applied to the field or organic waste to improve the soil, or the organic waste is fermented to become a compost. There are features. The target organic waste includes various septic waste such as food residue, human waste, sewage sludge.
本発明によれば、次の効果を奏する。
本発明に係るミミズ糞を利用した微生物資材は、ミミズ糞に含まれる土壌微生物の抽出液に微好気性菌を含む絶対好気性菌を添加して成ることから、生菌を含む液体として動力噴霧器などにより土壌に簡単に施用でき、しかも土壌中にすばやく浸透し、生菌が速やかに活動を開始することにより、従来の粒子状のミミズ糞を施用した場合に比べて、約1/6の10日間程度で土壌の団粒化を図ることができる。
The present invention has the following effects.
The microbial material using earthworm feces according to the present invention is obtained by adding absolute aerobic bacteria containing microaerobic bacteria to the extract of soil microorganisms contained in earthworm feces. It can easily be applied to the soil, etc., and quickly penetrates into the soil, and the viable bacteria start to act quickly, which is about 1/6 of 10 compared to the case where conventional particulate earthworm feces are applied. The soil can be aggregated in about a day.
本発明によれば、上記したように液体であることから、施用作業を、動力噴霧器による散布、あるいは畝に敷設した有孔チューブに送液することなどによって行うことができ、従来のミミズ糞を用いた土壌改良資材施用に伴う労力を大幅に軽減することが出来る。また、本発明資材は、濃縮化することが可能であるため、運搬時の取扱いが容易になるばかりでなく、保管の際のスペースの減少にも役立つ。 According to the present invention, since it is a liquid as described above, the application work can be carried out by spraying with a power sprayer or by sending it to a perforated tube laid on a basket, etc. The labor involved in applying the soil improvement material used can be greatly reduced. In addition, since the material of the present invention can be concentrated, it is not only easy to handle during transportation, but also helps to reduce the space during storage.
また、本発明資材に添加された絶対好気性菌は、ほとんどが死滅してしまう乾燥環境に配合されるものとは異なり、液中に存在することになるため、生存してその機能を発揮することができる。しかも、紅色非硫黄細菌にあっては、低い溶存酸素濃度のところでも生育できる好気性菌であるので、抽出液中に含まれる腸内細菌等の増殖により酸素濃度が低下したところでも生育することができ、通性嫌気性菌の栄養源を奪って、抽出液が腐敗するのを防止できる。 In addition, the absolute aerobic bacteria added to the material of the present invention are present in the liquid, unlike those that are mixed in a dry environment where most of them die, so they survive and demonstrate their functions. be able to. Moreover, since the red non-sulfur bacteria are aerobic bacteria that can grow even at low dissolved oxygen concentrations, they can grow even when the oxygen concentration decreases due to the growth of enteric bacteria etc. contained in the extract. It is possible to prevent the extract from decaying by depriving the nutrient source of facultative anaerobes.
更に、本発明資材に添加されるデハイドロ酢酸は、光合成細菌を含む絶対好気性菌の生育抑制効果が微弱である反面、通性嫌気性菌や糸状菌に対して強い選択毒性を有するので、紅色非硫黄細菌などの絶対好気性菌の増殖をほとんど抑制しないで通性嫌気性菌の増殖を著しく阻害してより確実に抽出液の腐敗を防止することができる。 Furthermore, the dehydroacetic acid added to the material of the present invention has a strong selective toxicity against facultative anaerobic bacteria and filamentous fungi, while the effect of suppressing the growth of absolute aerobic bacteria including photosynthetic bacteria is weak. The growth of facultative anaerobes can be remarkably inhibited without substantially inhibiting the growth of absolute aerobic bacteria such as non-sulfur bacteria, and the decay of the extract can be prevented more reliably.
したがって、これを散布することにより、土壌改良効果のほか、水田においては、ガス湧きの防止、イネの分けつ促進、並びに１穂粒数および１粒重量の増加、また畑においては、作物の生育促進、果実の糖度・色度の上昇、花卉の色度上昇、さらにはバイオマスの醗酵促進と悪臭軽減などの効果を期待できる。 Therefore, by spraying this, in addition to soil improvement effects, in paddy fields, prevention of gas springs, promotion of rice sharing, increase in the number of ears and the weight of one grain, and growth of crops in the field It can be expected to increase the sugar and chromaticity of fruits, increase the chromaticity of florets, and promote the fermentation of biomass and reduce malodor.
抽出液に、さらに、放線菌、ミネラル、及び絶対好気性菌栄養源を添加することにより、上記した本発明資材の機能をより確実に発揮させることができるばかりでなく、放線菌による土壌病害の抑制効果を更に高めることができる。 In addition to the addition of actinomycetes, minerals and absolute aerobic bacteria nutrients to the extract, not only can the functions of the material of the present invention described above be demonstrated more reliably, but also soil diseases caused by actinomycetes The suppression effect can be further enhanced.
本発明に係る一つの使用方法によれば、本資材あるいはその希釈液を圃場に散布するものであるから、その使用法がいたって簡単であり、かつ取扱いも容易となる。
また、本発明のもう一つの使用法によれば、有機性廃棄物に散布し、切返し等、適度の酸素補給をすることにより、極めて短時間で有機性廃棄物をコンポスト化できる。
According to one method of use according to the present invention, the material or its diluted solution is sprayed on the field, so that the method of use is very simple and easy to handle.
According to another method of use of the present invention, organic waste can be composted in a very short time by spraying it on the organic waste and supplying it with appropriate oxygen such as turning over.
以下、本発明の実施形態の一例を詳説する。
先ず、本発明に係るミミズ糞を利用した微生物資材の製造方法を説明する。
Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
First, a method for producing a microbial material using earthworm feces according to the present invention will be described.
ミミズ糞は、従来の一般的な産業的生産方法によって得ることができる。例えば、遮光幕で覆ったビニールハウスの床に、廃オガコを腐植させた堆肥を敷き、その上にシマミミズを放つ。温度を15℃から27℃、湿度を60〜70%に保ち、ミミズの餌となる廃オガコ堆肥を適宜補充しながら１ヶ月が経過すると、まとまった量のミミズ糞を得ることができる。 Earthworm feces can be obtained by conventional general industrial production methods. For example, a compost made of waste sawdust is laid on the floor of a greenhouse covered with a light-shielding curtain, and an earthworm is released on it. When the temperature is maintained at 15 to 27 ° C. and the humidity is 60 to 70% and one month has elapsed while appropriately supplementing the waste sawdust compost used as a feed for earthworms, a collective amount of earthworm feces can be obtained.
ミミズ糞2kg、酵母10g、米ぬか30g、廃糖蜜10g、及び貝化石粉末10gをナイロン製の網袋に入れ、この網袋を精製した真水の入った容量200リットルの培養機内に浸すように吊るす。水層部の温度を18℃から20℃に設定し、そのまま曝気しながら水中ポンプで攪拌すると、網袋内の可溶物が水に抽出される。この段階で、培養器内の液体をろ過し、光合成細菌（Rhodobacter capsulata）を添加する。添加量は、生菌として1mlあたり107から109細胞存在する程度の量が望ましい。そして、再度曝気しながら水中ポンプで撹拌すると、微生物の培養が開始される。系内の温度と酸素濃度をそのまま保って20時間後に攪拌と曝気を止め、液体を系外に取り出して、本微生物資材とする。この資材は、濃縮された資材であり、使用時には対象に応じて適宜の倍率に希釈して用いられる。 Put 2kg of earthworm feces, 10g of yeast, 30g of rice bran, 10g of molasses, and 10g of shell fossil powder in a nylon net bag, and suspend the net bag in a 200 liter incubator containing purified fresh water. When the temperature of the water layer is set to 18 ° C. to 20 ° C. and agitated with an underwater pump while aeration is performed as it is, soluble matter in the net bag is extracted into water. At this stage, the liquid in the incubator is filtered and photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodobacter capsulata) are added. The amount added is preferably such that about 10 7 to 10 9 cells are present per ml as viable bacteria. And if it agitates with a submersible pump aeration again, culture | cultivation of microorganisms will be started. Maintaining the temperature and oxygen concentration in the system as it is, stirring and aeration are stopped after 20 hours, and the liquid is taken out of the system to make this microbial material. This material is a concentrated material, and is used by diluting to an appropriate magnification according to the object at the time of use.
上記ミミズ糞に含まれる土壌微生物の培養が完了後、これをろ過した濾液を抽出液とし、これに光合成細菌を添加するようにしても良い。また、静菌物質としてのデハイドロ酢酸は、上記微生物資材に適宜の時期に添加される。 After the cultivation of soil microorganisms contained in the earthworm feces is completed, a filtrate obtained by filtering the soil microorganisms may be used as an extract, and photosynthetic bacteria may be added thereto. In addition, dehydroacetic acid as a bacteriostatic substance is added to the microbial material at an appropriate time.
本発明に係るミミズ糞を利用した微生物資材の保存性をみるため、次の試料(1)から(4)を作製した。
試料(1)：上記ミミズ糞に含まれる土壌微生物の抽出液そのもの
試料(2)：抽出液に光合成細菌を添加したもの
試料(3)：抽出液にデハイドロ酢酸を添加したもの
試料(4)：抽出液に光合成細菌とデハイドロ酢酸の両者を添加したもの
The following samples (1) to (4) were prepared in order to check the storage stability of microbial materials using earthworm feces according to the present invention.
Sample (1): The extract of soil microorganisms contained in the earthworm feces Sample (2): The extract with photosynthetic bacteria added Sample (3): The extract with dehydroacetic acid added Sample (4): An extract with both photosynthetic bacteria and dehydroacetic acid added
なお、光合成細菌は、PSB107細胞/ml（試料(2)）もしくは108細胞/ml（試料(4)）を添加し、デハイドロ酢酸は、0.5%添加した。
これら試料(1)から(4)を、無窓インキュベーター内の暗条件、30℃で静置し、試験開始0日目と3週間目とにおける、各試料における細菌と、放線菌と、糸状菌と、光合成細菌の生菌数を調べた。
その結果を表１（図１）に示す。
The photosynthetic bacteria were added with PSB10 7 cells / ml (sample (2)) or 10 8 cells / ml (sample (4)), and dehydroacetic acid was added with 0.5%.
These samples (1) to (4) were allowed to stand at 30 ° C. in a dark condition in a windowless incubator, and the bacteria, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi in each sample on the 0th and 3rd week of the start of the test. The number of photosynthetic bacteria was examined.
The results are shown in Table 1 (FIG. 1).
試料(1)において、試験開始時と３週間目の各菌数の違いを見るに、細菌数は9.0x107から2.2x107 とほぼ変わらず、放線菌数は2.3x108から7.8x105 に減少し、糸状菌数は1.7x102から 4.8x102とほぼ変わっていない。この試料(1)を観察すると、３週間目の液体表面には、試験開始時にはなかった薄い菌膜が見られ、軽い臭気を感じた。 In the sample (1), the difference in the number of bacteria at the beginning of the test and at the third week is almost the same as 9.0x10 7 to 2.2x10 7, and the number of actinomycetes is 2.3x10 8 to 7.8x10 5 . It decreased, the number of filamentous fungi has not almost changed from 1.7x10 2 4.8x10 2 a. When this sample (1) was observed, a thin fungus film that was not present at the start of the test was observed on the surface of the liquid for 3 weeks, and a light odor was felt.
試料(2)において、同様に各菌数の推移を見るに、細菌数は1.9x108から4.4x107に減少し、放線菌数も4.0x108から2.9x106に減少し、糸状菌数は1.8x102から1.0x102とほぼ変わらない。添加された光合成細菌も6.9x107から1.3x107とほとんど変わらない値を示している。光合成細菌の添加により、細菌数が減少している。このことは、光合成細菌が、通性嫌気性菌の増殖を阻害し、抽出液の腐敗防止に役立っているのが解る。 Similarly, in the sample (2), the number of bacteria decreased from 1.9x10 8 to 4.4x10 7 and the number of actinomycetes decreased from 4.0x10 8 to 2.9x10 6. It is almost the same as 1.8x10 2 to 1.0x10 2 . The added photosynthetic bacteria also show almost the same value from 6.9 × 10 7 to 1.3 × 10 7 . The addition of photosynthetic bacteria reduces the number of bacteria. This shows that the photosynthetic bacterium inhibits the growth of facultative anaerobic bacteria and helps prevent the decay of the extract.
放線菌の菌数が減少しているのは（この点は、同様に光合成細菌を添加した試料(4)についても同様である）、上記特許文献３とは異なる結果を示すもので、放線菌による病害抑制を目的とする場合、放線菌を本資材に更に添加する必要があるかも知れない。3週間目の液体表面には、試料(1)とは異なり、菌膜は見られなかった。
The number of actinomycetes is decreasing (this is also true for sample (4) to which photosynthetic bacteria are added), which shows a result different from that of
試料(3)において、同様に各菌数の推移を見るに、細菌数は6.3x107から8.9x107とほぼ変わらない。放線菌数は5.5x108から4.4x103に減少し、糸状菌数は1.0x10から検出限界以下に減少している。糸状菌は、水中で増殖するとほつれた糸くずのような塊になり、溶液を撹拌すると水中をふわふわと漂うので、溶液の品質劣化を肉眼的に把握する指標となっている。試料(3)は、デハイドロ酢酸が特に糸状菌に対して静菌作用を発揮しているのが解る。 In Sample (3), similarly to the trends in the number of the bacteria, the bacteria count does not change substantially with 8.9X10 7 from 6.3x10 7. The number of actinomycetes has decreased from 5.5 × 10 8 to 4.4 × 10 3 , and the number of filamentous fungi has decreased from 1.0 × 10 below the detection limit. Filamentous fungi become loose lint-like lumps when grown in water, and when the solution is stirred, they float softly in the water, which is an index for visually grasping the quality deterioration of the solution. Sample (3) shows that dehydroacetic acid exhibits bacteriostatic action especially against filamentous fungi.
3週間目の液体表面には、試料(2)と同様、菌膜は見られなかった。 Like the sample (2), no fungal membrane was observed on the liquid surface at 3 weeks.
試料(4)において、各菌数の推移を見るに、細菌数は3.9x108から5.2x107に減少し、放線菌数も5.7x108から5.4x103に減少し、更に糸状菌数も3.0x10から検出限界以下に減少している。これに対し、光合成細菌は、1.3x108から4.0x105へと若干減少しているものの、微生物資材としての効果を発揮するには十分な量の生菌が確保されている。試料(4)は、添加した光合成細菌とデハイドロ酢酸が相互に協力して抽出液の腐敗防止に大きく貢献していることを示す。
液体表面に菌膜は存在しなかった。
In the sample (4), the number of bacteria decreased from 3.9x10 8 to 5.2x10 7 , the number of actinomycetes decreased from 5.7x10 8 to 5.4x10 3 , and the number of filamentous fungi was 3.0. Reduced from x10 to below the detection limit. On the other hand, although photosynthetic bacteria are slightly reduced from 1.3 × 10 8 to 4.0 × 10 5 , a sufficient amount of viable bacteria is secured to exert an effect as a microbial material. Sample (4) shows that the added photosynthetic bacteria and dehydroacetic acid cooperated with each other and contributed greatly to preventing the decay of the extract.
There was no fungal membrane on the liquid surface.
本発明資材としては試料(2)と試料(4)が該当するが、これらはいずれも抽出液の保存性を高めるものであることが解る。 Sample (2) and sample (4) correspond to the material of the present invention, and it is understood that both of these improve the storage stability of the extract.
次に、本発明資材の施用例を示す。 Next, application examples of the material of the present invention will be shown.
［水稲栽培への施用例］
秋田県南秋田郡八郎潟町夜叉袋所在の水田の一区画を試験区、他区画を対照区とし、「あきたこまち」を播種した。播種日は平成１６年４月５日、田植え日は平成１６年５月１０日、稲刈り日は平成１６年１０月６日であった。試験区には、上記試料(2)と同じ微生物資材を田植え日以降、約30日間隔で都合3回、それぞれ3箇所の用水口より各20リットル（計60リットル）ずつ流入施用した。対象区には、本資材を施用しなかった。
収穫した稲の収量、品質について調べたところ、表２（図２）に示す結果が得られた。
[Application example for paddy rice cultivation]
Akitakomachi was sown with one plot of paddy field located in Yashabukuro, Hachirogata-cho, Minamiakita-gun, Akita Prefecture as the test plot and the other plot as the control plot. The sowing date was April 5, 2004, the rice planting date was May 10, 2004, and the rice harvesting date was October 6, 2004. In the test area, the same microbial material as in the above sample (2) was applied by inflow of 20 liters (total 60 liters) from each of three
When the yield and quality of the harvested rice were examined, the results shown in Table 2 (FIG. 2) were obtained.
表２の結果によれば、一株当たりの本数、草丈、穂長において試験区のものが対象区及び地区平均のものに比べてやや上回り、収量において１割程度の増加が認められた。試験区と、対象区及び地区平均とを比べた場合、もっとも顕著な差異は、品質である。試験区の米はその全てが１等米に該当したのに対し、対象区と地区平均はそれぞれ50%と20%に過ぎなかった。このことは、本資材を水稲栽培に施用したとき、優れた効果を奏することを示す。 According to the results shown in Table 2, the number of plants per plant, the plant height, and the head length were slightly higher in the test plot than in the target plot and the district average, and an increase of about 10% in the yield was recognized. When comparing the test area with the target area and the district average, the most notable difference is the quality. All of the rice in the test area was classified as first-class rice, whereas the target area and district average were only 50% and 20%, respectively. This shows that when this material is applied to paddy rice cultivation, it has an excellent effect.
［各種野菜のポット試験］
温度を16℃から18℃に保ったガラス温室内で、500ml容量のポットに、市販の野菜育苗用培土を詰め、なすと、ピーマンと、レタスと、トマトの種を播種した。
各野菜の試験区のポットには、前記試料(2)と同じ組成の資材を水で250倍に希釈した溶液を散布した。対象区のポットには、水を潅水した。
播種後、30日を経過した後、各野菜を抜き取り、地表から成長点までの高さ、本葉枚数、最大葉の大きさ（縦と横の長さ）、生重量（地上部、地下部、合計重量）を測定した結果を表３〜表６（図３〜図６）に示す。
なお、各試験区と対象区は4反復とし、測定値はその平均値を算出した。
[Various vegetable pot test]
In a glass greenhouse maintained at a temperature of 16 ° C. to 18 ° C., a pot of 500 ml capacity was filled with commercially available soil for vegetable seedlings, and then seeded with peppers, lettuce and tomato seeds.
A solution obtained by diluting a material having the same composition as that of the sample (2) 250 times with water was sprayed on the pot of each vegetable test group. Water was irrigated into the pot of the target area.
After 30 days after sowing, each vegetable is extracted, the height from the surface to the growth point, the number of true leaves, the maximum leaf size (vertical and horizontal length), fresh weight (aboveground, underground) The results of measuring the total weight) are shown in Tables 3 to 6 (FIGS. 3 to 6).
Each test group and the target group were repeated 4 times, and the average value was calculated for the measured values.
表３〜表６に見られるように、いずれの野菜においても、本資材を投入した試験区の収穫物の方が対象区の収穫物よりも測定項目のほとんど全てにおいて優位性を有することが明らかである。このことは、本資材が野菜の生育に良好な影響を及ぼしていることを示す。また、ポット中の培土は、対照区のものよりふっくらとし、団粒化が進んでいることが解った。 As can be seen in Tables 3 to 6, it is clear that in all vegetables, the crops in the test area where the material was introduced have superiority in almost all measurement items over the harvests in the target area. It is. This indicates that this material has a good influence on the growth of vegetables. It was also found that the soil in the pot was fluffier than that of the control ward and that the agglomeration was progressing.
本資材は、このほか、バイオマスのコンポスト化にも大きく貢献できることが判明している。 In addition to this, it has been found that this material can greatly contribute to the composting of biomass.
［稲藁のコンポスト化］
例えば、長さ1.5cmに切断した乾燥稲藁100kgを二分し、一方の50ｋｇは水分含量を65%に調整して保管し（試料A）、他方の50kgには本資材（前記試料(2)に相当する資材）の50倍希釈液を散布して水分含量が65%になるように調整し、保管した（試料B）。
両試料A,Bを、室温20〜28℃の温度範囲内で保管し、3日おきに天地返しして空気との接触を良くした。
12日後、両試料を観察すると、試料Bの稲藁は完全に醗酵して堆肥としての使用が可能になったのに対し、試料Aは2ヵ月後であっても醗酵せず、しかも悪臭を発した。
このことは、本資材が稲藁の堆肥化を短期間で可能とする資材であることを示している。
[Composting of rice straw]
For example, 100 kg of dried rice straw cut to 1.5 cm in length is divided in half, and 50 kg of one is stored with the water content adjusted to 65% (Sample A), and the other 50 kg contains this material (sample (2) Sprayed with a 50-fold diluted solution of the material (corresponding to 2), adjusted to a moisture content of 65% and stored (sample B).
Both samples A and B were stored within a temperature range of 20 to 28 ° C. and turned upside down every 3 days to improve contact with air.
After observing both samples after 12 days, the rice bran of sample B was completely fermented and could be used as compost, whereas sample A did not ferment even after 2 months and had a foul odor. Issued.
This indicates that this material is a material that enables composting of rice straw in a short period of time.
［豚糞尿のコンポスト化］
従来、豚糞尿の堆肥化は、一般的には、豚糞尿に対して1/10の量の米ぬかなどの水分調整材を混合して水分含量が約55%程度になるように調整し、自然発酵による堆肥化を行っていた。この場合、一次醗酵及び二次醗酵に各1週間、その後の醗酵に3から4ヶ月を要する。
[Composting of pig manure]
Conventionally, composting of swine manure is generally adjusted to a water content of about 55% by mixing a water adjusting material such as rice bran in an amount of 1/10 of swine manure. Composting by fermentation. In this case, it takes 1 week each for primary fermentation and secondary fermentation, and 3 to 4 months for subsequent fermentation.
豚糞尿に本発明に係る資材（前記試料(2)に相当する資材）の50倍希釈液を、豚糞尿1tにつき、20リットル散布し、曝気したところ、3から4週間で醗酵が完了した。
従来であれば、一次醗酵及び二次醗酵の過程で悪臭が著しく発生するが、本資材を用いた醗酵法ではそのようなことはなかった。
このことは、本資材が豚糞尿の醗酵を短期間でしかも臭気をあまり生じさせることなく行えることを示している。
When a 50-fold diluted solution of the material according to the present invention (material corresponding to the sample (2)) was sprayed on porcine manure per 20 tons of pig manure and aerated, fermentation was completed in 3 to 4 weeks.
Conventionally, malodors are remarkably generated in the process of primary fermentation and secondary fermentation, but this is not the case with the fermentation method using this material.
This shows that this material can perform fermentation of swine manure in a short period of time and without causing much odor.
［街路樹剪定枝のコンポスト化］
かつ葉樹を主体とした街路樹の選定枝を粉砕し、グラインダーで磨り潰した繊維状の素材に、前記した資材（前記試料(2)に相当する資材）を水で50倍に希釈して散布した。全体の湿度を60%程度に保持し、温度を20℃から25℃の状態に保ち、3日おきに希釈液を散布して湿度を上記状態に調整するとともに天地返しをして空気との接触を図った。
[Composting of pruned branches of street trees]
In addition, the selected branch of the roadside tree, which is mainly composed of leaf trees, is pulverized, and the above-mentioned material (material corresponding to the sample (2)) is diluted 50 times with water to a fibrous material ground with a grinder. Scattered. Maintain the overall humidity at about 60%, keep the temperature between 20 ° C and 25 ° C, spray the diluted solution every 3 days to adjust the humidity to the above state, and turn it upside down to contact with air I planned.
5日後から剪定枝の繊維状素材は、一部が黒化し、醗酵が開始されたことが解った。2週間後、当該素材は、完全に黒化し、繊維状の部分がなくなって、堆肥として使用可能なレベルにまで達した。処理後、2週間の剪定枝のC/N比は30.6で、醗酵が進んだことを示していた。 From 5 days later, it was found that some of the pruned fibrous materials were blackened and fermentation started. Two weeks later, the material was completely blackened and the fibrous parts disappeared, reaching a level where it could be used as compost. After the treatment, the C / N ratio of the pruned branches for 2 weeks was 30.6, indicating that the fermentation had progressed.
対照区として、上記素材をそのまま自然発酵させたところ、3ヵ月後に至っても何の変化もなく、原型を止め、醗酵が進んでいないことが解った。
このことは、本資材によって上記植物性の繊維状廃棄物に対しても、短期間で堆肥化処理が可能であることを示すものである。
As a control, when the above materials were naturally fermented as they were, it was found that there was no change even after 3 months, the prototype was stopped and the fermentation was not progressing.
This indicates that the material can be composted in a short period of time for the above-mentioned plant-like fibrous waste.
Claims (9)
Utilizing earthworm feces, characterized in that the microbial material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is undiluted or diluted and sprayed onto organic waste, and the organic waste is fermented into a compost. To use microbial materials.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005378545A JP2007176759A (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Microbial material using earthworm excrement and its use |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005378545A JP2007176759A (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Microbial material using earthworm excrement and its use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007176759A true JP2007176759A (en) | 2007-07-12 |
Family
ID=38302298
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005378545A Pending JP2007176759A (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Microbial material using earthworm excrement and its use |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2007176759A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015093818A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-05-18 | 哲哉 紺一向 | Earthworm casting soil culturing liquid |
| CN105737740A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-07-06 | 上海交通大学 | Plant height field measurement device and method |
| CN111974204A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 郭威 | Soil beneficial to adsorption and decomposition of harmful substances and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112135807A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-12-25 | 瓦列里·A·沙皮罗 | Preparation method of concentrated soil solution |
| CN112844310A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-28 | 安徽理工大学 | Substance for passivating heavy metals and method for passivating heavy metals in domestic sludge |
| JP2022038863A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-10 | 学校法人君が淵学園 | Method for promoting growth of plant |
| KR20220043607A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-05 | 장정훈 | Microbial culture medium |
| CN115338242A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-15 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for repairing polluted soil by applying wormcast and probiotics in matched manner |
-
2005
- 2005-12-28 JP JP2005378545A patent/JP2007176759A/en active Pending
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015093818A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-05-18 | 哲哉 紺一向 | Earthworm casting soil culturing liquid |
| CN105737740A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-07-06 | 上海交通大学 | Plant height field measurement device and method |
| CN105737740B (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2019-08-09 | 上海交通大学 | Measuring device and method between plant strain high fields |
| CN112135807B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2022-06-14 | 瓦列里·A·沙皮罗 | Preparation method of concentrated soil solution |
| CN112135807A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-12-25 | 瓦列里·A·沙皮罗 | Preparation method of concentrated soil solution |
| JP2022038863A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-10 | 学校法人君が淵学園 | Method for promoting growth of plant |
| JP7349086B2 (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2023-09-22 | 学校法人君が淵学園 | How to promote plant growth |
| CN111974204A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 郭威 | Soil beneficial to adsorption and decomposition of harmful substances and preparation method and application thereof |
| KR20220043607A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-05 | 장정훈 | Microbial culture medium |
| KR20220142406A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-10-21 | 장정훈 | Microbial amplification culture method |
| KR102467823B1 (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-11-18 | 장정훈 | Microbial culture medium |
| KR102549492B1 (en) | 2020-09-29 | 2023-06-30 | 장정훈 | Microbial amplification culture method |
| CN112844310A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-28 | 安徽理工大学 | Substance for passivating heavy metals and method for passivating heavy metals in domestic sludge |
| CN112844310B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-06-28 | 安徽理工大学 | Substance for passivating heavy metals and method for passivating heavy metals in domestic sludge |
| CN115338242A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-15 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for repairing polluted soil by applying wormcast and probiotics in matched manner |
| CN115338242B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-05-30 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for restoring polluted soil by applying wormcast and probiotics |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Atiyeh et al. | Pig manure vermicompost as a component of a horticultural bedding plant medium: effects on physicochemical properties and plant growth | |
| US8327581B2 (en) | Method for producing biomineral-containing substance and organic hydroponics method | |
| Ahmad et al. | Vermicomposting methods from different wastes: an environment friendly, economically viable and socially acceptable approach for crop nutrition: a review | |
| JP2007176759A (en) | Microbial material using earthworm excrement and its use | |
| WO2013001478A1 (en) | A novel organic fertilizer of banana pseudostem | |
| CN105112311B (en) | Pichia pastoris YPD-YL2 and its application in biological deodorizing | |
| CN102240664A (en) | Method for restoring soil polluted by manganese | |
| CN112501072B (en) | Crop rhizosphere soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN110437000A (en) | A kind of microbial manure and its preparation method and application | |
| JP2011084449A (en) | Agricultural material, microbial material, organic humus fertilizer, water cleaning material, soil conditioner, feed additive, waste treatment agent, roof top greening material, and method for manufacturing the agricultural material | |
| CN106631396A (en) | Corn stalk ferment fertilizer for long-stalk crops | |
| Edwards et al. | The use of earthworms in organic waste management and vermiculture | |
| Arancon et al. | Vermiculture in greenhouse plants, field crop production, and hydroponics | |
| RU2633561C1 (en) | Method of producing environmentally friendly bioproduct (compost paste) for integrated improvement of soil properties | |
| KR100430761B1 (en) | Method for producing high-density antagonistic microbes base material | |
| CA2521064A1 (en) | Composting composition comprising animal urine and agricultural waste and method for vermicomposting the same | |
| CN107162736A (en) | The method that organic fertilizer is prepared by sludge fermentation biogas residue | |
| Toor et al. | Potential role of vermicompost in abiotic stress tolerance of crop plants: A review | |
| Singh et al. | Biofertilizers and plant growth regulators as key player in sustainable agriculture by enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity | |
| JP2005532390A (en) | Naturally functional water having deodorizing function and sterilizing power against multidrug-resistant bacteria and method for producing the same | |
| JP2008013380A (en) | Compost manufacturing method | |
| WO2022255448A1 (en) | Microbial preparation production method, microbial preparation, and compost production method | |
| Neelima et al. | Vermicompost: A Viable Resource in Organic Farming | |
| Tleuova et al. | Stabilization of organic municipal solid waste by composting | |
| JP2004299935A (en) | Organic fertilizer, soil conditioner and method of manufacturing the same |