SU1808825A1 - Method for preparation of biologically active soil - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a waste-free technology for the production of organo-humic fertilizers in the field and will make it possible to utilize wastes from mining, construction, woodworking and agricultural production, can be used in agriculture and in biological reclamation of disturbed lands, as a soil structure former.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the finished product.

This goal is achieved by the fact that, as components for layer-by-layer laying, successively grinding is used. chilled straw, manure, sawdust and milling, slightly decomposed sour peat; moreover, each formed layer is sprinkled with a mixture containing fertile soil, crushed oxidized soot brown coal and crushed lime in a mass ratio of 70:20:10, which is also used to cover the stack, while straw, manure, sawdust, peat and the mixture are taken to form a stack in equal amounts of 1808825A1 wax, for irrigation of each layer, use a soap or lime water solution with a concentration of alkali or lime, respectively, at least 3%, after covering the stack is irrigated daily for a month, maintaining the humidity at 70%, after which the stack is covered with a transparent coating, and composting is carried out for 6 months.

The method is carried out as follows: these initial components are pre-crushed, distributed in layers in the order of straw - manure - sawdust - acidic weakly decomposed peat - black soil, mixed with oxidized sooty brown coal and lime, in the ratio 20: 20: 20: 20: 20 May. %. along the entire perimeter of the surface of the receiving storage tank of the old mine working (foundation pit, trench), which has significant linear dimensions and waterproofing, and the surface of each laid "layer is sequentially treated with aqueous solutions - soap, lime waste with a substance concentration of at least 3% and showered with black earth mixed with lime and dry grinding of oxidized sooty brown coal in a ratio of 70:10:20, respectively. %. at the end of filling with a layer of this mixture, the stack is closed and its surface is irrigated, alternately with the above-mentioned aqueous solutions up to 4-6 times a day c. within »a month so that the stack mass has a moisture content of at least 70%. Next, the formed pile is covered with a transparent polyethylene film to intensify the biochemical processes of decomposition of organic components and preserved for composting for 6 months.

Stacking and re-storage of the stack is carried out in early spring (in April) or in autumn (September). During composting in a stack during biochemical, interaction of initial components as a result of redox reactions accompanied by significant temperatures, the organic mass decomposes and a compost organic substrate with a high content of humus, humic acids is formed (since the content of humic acids in the organic mass of peat up to 60%, oxidized sooty brown coal up to 60%. chernozem up to 10%), which is an organo-humic fertilizer containing useful microelements: potassium, phosphorus. Moreover, during these reactions, the oxides of the elements, which make up the chemical and elemental base of oxidized sooty brown coal, catalytically accelerate the oxidation of organic matter, and the alkaline action of a soap solution on this coal and peat leads to the formation of humates, 5 humic acids.

Example. In the conditions of the Berezovskoye field of the Kansk-Achinsky brown coal basin on the initiative of the Directorate of Open-Pits KATEK PO. Krasnoyarskugol, a compost BAG was obtained on the basis of the technology of the proposed method by 'utilization of the following waste: oxidized sooty brown coal and aluminous soils dormant from the mining allotments of this 15 deposit, substandard limestone of the Mazul-Achinsky deposit, sawdust and small shavings from the local woodworking production, old • chopped straw that remained in the fields from 20 harvests of previous years and to be burned, cow dung from the farms of the state farms Sharypovsky and Ivanovsky soap-water solutions of waste from the baths of the household coal-cutter plant Berezovsky vodoizvest-. 25 kovy solutions of construction waste from. objects. The resulting BAG after composting was characterized by the following indicators: soil 7-9, organic matter content of at least 60-90%, se-. 30 ry not more than 10%, P2O5 380-400 mg / 100 g, KgO - 30-50 mg / 100 t, biological activity to nitrate accumulation 300 Mt; Oz / YuO g. Two-time doses of BAG introduction into depleted and disturbed soils in field conditions by its furrow embedding with plowing, as well as spreading in autumn (September) and spring (May), were 5 t / ha and 7 t / ha, respectively. For example, such an introduction of BAG on the surface 40 of the experimental site on the outer dumps of the Berezovsky coal strip mine, which consists of disturbed soils - artificially redeposited mixtures of sandy and loamy rocks, the following characteristics of these soils have improved: an increase in bulk density from 1.2 to 1 , 8 g / cm ³ soil aeration from 20.5% to 34.5%, humus from 3% to 6%, nitrogen content in humus from 0.2 to 0.5%, free coal cut, from 2% to 6% , phosphorus from 1% 50 to 3%, potassium 0.9% to 1.5%. '.

The introduction of BAH into the depleted soils of the fields near the Berezovsky coal mine, exposed to anthropogenic load from the 55th mining industry, made it possible to obtain higher yields compared to the usual ones in these territories, not subjected to the introduction of BAH by soils for agricultural crops of wheat, winter rye, on average, respectively, by 20 and 30 %, oats and corn 15 and

30%, potatoes and cabbage 20 and 25%, carrots and onions 15-20%.

In disturbed soils on the surface of dumps in areas with introduced BAH, the yield of oats was lower in comparison with ordinary soils by only 10%, without the introduction of BAH it was lower by 60-70%.

The proposed method, in comparison with the prototype, makes it possible to utilize a lot of waste from mining, woodworking, construction and agricultural industries on a completely different basis, to use a mixture of oxidized sooty brown coal with news as mineral sources, which expands the raw material base and helps to prevent environmental pollution: use old mining workings, pits, trenches, and the BAG itself should be used as an organo-humic fertilizer in the form of a compost substrate, not only for closed, but also open soils, and especially as a structure former for disturbed and depleted soils.

Claims (1)

Claim A method for obtaining biologically active soil, including the formation of a stack by layer-by-layer stacking of components in a waterproof container with irrigation of each layer, shelter of the stack and subsequent composting, which is different. that, in order to improve the quality of the finished product, as components. for layer-by-layer laying, successively crushed straw, manure, sawdust and milling weakly decomposed sour peat are used, and each formed layer is poured with a mixture containing fertile soil, crushed oxidized sooty brown coal and crushed lime in a mass ratio of 70:20:10, which is also used for cover of the pile, while straw, manure, sawdust, peat and the mixture are taken to form a pile in equal quantities, a soap or lime water solution with a concentration of alkali or lime, respectively, of at least 3% is used to irrigate each layer, after the shelter the pile is irrigated daily in within a month, maintaining the humidity at 70%, after which the stack is covered with a transparent cover, and composting is carried out for 6 months. Editor Compiled by J. Semikobyl. ... Techred M. Morgental Proofreader L. Livrinz Order 1256 Circulation Subscription VNIIPI of the State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology 113035. Moscow, Zh-35, Raushskaya nab., 4/5 Production and Publishing Plant Patent, Uzhgbrod. Gagarin street, 101