RU2337085C1 - Method of organic fertilizer production from coniferous woodworking wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes as follows. Bird's dung, horse and/or cow manure, bark, sawdust, coniferous shavings are mixed up. Clamp is packed, moistened, crushed. Substratum is filled with earthworm population. Main component of substratum is bark, sawdust and coniferous shaving in amount 81%, and bird's dung and manure 11.7% and 7.3% respectively, clamp is moistened three times to 65-80% humidity immediately after packing, in 72 hours and in 2-2.5 months preliminary mixed and crushed. In 1-1.5 months after last moistening clamp is added with earthworm, covered with any improvised material: earth, ashes or straw layered 5-7 cm. Extensive development and reproduction of earthworm is carried out without hashing, extra nutrition and selections within 9-12 months.

EFFECT: method provides production of high quality fertiliser with simultaneous increase in earthworm population and allows for disposal of local production wastes to provide obvious economic; ecological and social effect.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and environmental protection, in particular to the production of natural, organic and mineral fertilizers, and can be used in the processing of organic waste to produce environmentally friendly fertilizer and at the same time utilize wood processing waste.

Fertilizer is produced by the method of biochemical decomposition of coniferous woodworking waste (sawdust, shavings, bark) using horse, cow and bird manure in the presence of Eiseni afoetida earthworms.

There are many methods and devices for them of various designs for processing organic fertilizers into vermicompost, in which the final processing of freshly prepared compost is accelerated by vermicomposting while ensuring optimal conditions for the habitat of the worms both indoors and outdoors.

There is a method of vermicomposting in an open environment by forming on the ground and populating with worms a bed in the form of beds of compost 1 meter wide and 50 meters long, bounded below and from the sides by a grid with intervals between beds of 0.5 meters [1]. The thickness of the compost layer is 25-30 cm, the number of worms in a bed of 2.0 square meters is 100,000 pieces. The bed is protected from exposure to the sun. Periodic moistening of compost and top dressing with organic matter are provided. As a result of vermicomposting, worms process 60% of compost into humus and consume 40% to support their existence.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the term of vermicomposting, limited by the warm season, associated with the living conditions of the worm, the optimum ambient temperature for which is 20-25 degrees Celsius for nutrition and 12-17 degrees Celsius for reproduction, and the optimum humidity is 70-80%, and which dies at a temperature below 0 degrees Celsius and above + 35 degrees Celsius and humidity below 60% and above 90%;

- the inability to migrate worms for the purpose of naturally leaving them processed compost and populating a new bed;

- the need to use a large number of worms.

Known winter method of vermicultivation, including the content of earthworms in the piles in the period of low negative air temperatures [2].

The method is based on the use of solid fraction of pig manure as a substrate on the 1-30th day of storage after separation of the water wash. The collars from the substrate are formed with a height of 10-150 cm, the temperature in the collars is maintained within 10-50 degrees Celsius. A new portion of the substrate is added after 20-80 days in a volume of at least 1/3 of the collar volume.

The disadvantage of this method is the need in winter to open winter vermiburts from snow and straw, which is extremely time-consuming and dangerous for worms. It is also impossible not to open vermiburts, since the temperature of the substrate heating above 38 degrees Celsius is detailed for worms.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method for producing biohumus in an open environment by forming ridges from compost on soil and planting a worm population in it [3]. The method is based on applying top-dressing layers on the right or left side of each ridge along its entire length, where compost worms continuously migrate, forming an active vermicompost zone and harvesting the finished vermicompost from the opposite side until all the initial distance between adjacent ridges is used . After top dressing is applied on opposite sides of all ridges and the process is repeated again, returning all ridges to their original place.

When vermicomposting using the prototype method and the claimed method, the nature and properties of the behavior of earthworm (compost) worms are used. Both methods are cheap and simple, but the prototype method, ensuring the continuous production of biohumus, requires the same continuous participation in the production process. Another disadvantage of this method is the need to use a special coating material (lutrasil, florisil), which leads to additional costs. The inventive method is based on the biochemical decomposition of waste wood coniferous species (sawdust, shavings and bark) using horse and / or cow manure and bird droppings in the presence of Eiseni afoetida earthworms. The invention is directed to the utilization of waste wood coniferous species mixed with organic matter containing a large number of nutrients available to plants and to simplify and reduce the cost of the method of producing organic fertilizer. A new, distinguishing the claimed invention from all known analogues, unexpected and original in it is that the filler (wood processing waste) is the main component of the substrate, and manure and earthworms are necessary participants in the process. The method does not require the use of expensive, energy-intensive technical means, special covering material, fertilizer is produced around the clock in an open environment - right in the field, therefore, as close as possible to the place of use. And the duration of the cooking process is 12-16 months at no additional cost determines the achievement of the optimal consistency of compost, which is freely absorbed by the soil and passes into nutrients available to plants. This compost is a favorable environment for the reproduction and development of the local earthworm, which, when it enters the soil through its vital functions, improves its physical properties and increases the humus content. Unlike the prototype, worms, along with fertilizer, move to the soil.

The proposed method for producing organic fertilizer from coniferous woodworking waste involves mixing these wastes: bark, sawdust, shavings - 81%, poultry manure - 11.7%, horse and / or cow manure - 7.3%, laying a pile of organic mixture with a height of 2 , 4-3 meters, a width of 4.5-5 meters and a length of 50-70 meters, it is possible less using a tractor loader. The specified dimensions of the shoulder worked out experimentally. After laying the shoulder, it is moistened three times to a moisture content of 65-80% immediately after installation, after 72 hours and after 2-2.5 months. Before the last wetting, the substrate is crushed with a hammer mill, and 1-1.5 months after the last wetting, a local earthworm is introduced into the pile at the rate of 500 animals per 1 cubic meter. meter of the mixture, cover the shoulder with any improvised material: earth, ash, straw, prepared compost, a layer of 5-7 cm and carry out the process of extensive development and propagation of the earthworm without mixing and without top dressing and selection for 9-12 months. The process of fertilizer formation proceeds independently; the ability of self-regulation of the aeration regime by earthworms is used.

Both in the claimed invention and in the prototype method, the nature and behavior properties of earthworm (compost) worms that migrate to the zone most comfortable for their habitation are used. But in the prototype method, these conditions are continuously created: the selection of vermicompost, the application of fresh dressing.

In the inventive method, the shoulders are initially formed large, providing the worms the opportunity to choose comfortable living conditions within their borders, depending on the values of temperature and humidity for a given period of time. Compost worms are quite resistant to a wide range of environmental conditions, they can be applied to the substrate at any time of the year if the ambient temperature is not lower than 0 degrees Celsius. The continuity of the process is ensured by its duration, ready-made fertilizer is introduced into the soil in spring or autumn for sowing or plowing, at any other time of the year a fresh shoulder is prepared, observing a temperature regime of 0 degrees Celsius.

In the prototype method, the finished vermicompost is harvested without worms, in the inventive method, fertilizer is intentionally applied to the soil with a population of worms, which increases by 20 times, and the worms continue to process the unfinished compost in the field. A small part of the worm can be selected for the next tab, which is not important, since relatively few earthworms are brought into the pile: 500 individuals per 1 cubic meter of substrate, they can be bred separately. In the given analogue, the number of worms in a box of 2.0 square meters is about 100,000 pieces.

Another advantage of the method is that any improvised material is used as covering material: earth, ash, straw.

Example: In the peasant farm "Anilin" organized a test production site of vermicomposting using the proposed method. Horse manure was used as a substrate - 7.3%, bird droppings - 11.7% and filler, bark and sawdust of conifers - 81%. Prepared 680 kg of the mixture in a ratio of 1: 4, i.e. 130 kg - litter with manure and 550 kg of bark and sawdust of coniferous species. This ratio is one calculated part of the compost. The shoulder of the prepared mixture, consisting of 300-400 components (300-400 cubic meters), was laid on a hard surface in an open environment. After laying the shoulder, it was moistened to a moisture content of 65-80%.

After 72 hours, repeated watering was also carried out to a moisture content of 65-80%. After the second wetting, the shoulder temperature rose to 50-55 degrees Celsius. After that, for 2-2.5 months, the prepared compost burned, biochemical decomposition took place, then the shoulder was mixed and crushed for better mixing of the components and combustion. Again, for the third time, the collar was watered to a moisture content of 65-80%, and after 1-1.5 months, a local worm was added to the collar at the rate of 500 individuals per 1 cubic meter. meter of mixture.

After that, the entire pile was covered with a layer of 5-7 cm of earth or ash to ensure aerobic burning of compost for 9-12 months. At this time, there is an intensive development of thermophilic microflora and the reproduction of the local earthworm. After 9-12 months, compost is ready to be applied to the soil, the amount of earthworm in it increases 20 times.

Thus, two positive results are achieved: they receive high-quality, environmentally friendly fertilizer with an abundance of worms that are useful for the soil, and coniferous woodworking waste is effectively utilized. Moreover, in the case of the use of fertilizer obtained using wastes of coniferous wood processing, fertilizers can be applied to the soil 3 times less compared with humus obtained only from manure, and the result is similar. Resins contained in conifers that inhibit the decomposition of organic matter are destroyed during the biochemical decomposition of the mixture.

The composition of the fertilizer, the ratio of components, the time intervals between watering, mixing, applying the earthworm and getting the finished fertilizer worked out as a result of a long seven-year experiment.

The proposed method for producing fertilizer is easily implemented in an industrial environment, has a low cost, and provides fertilizer of consistently high quality.

The results of laboratory tests of compost are shown in the table:

PRODUCT TEST PROTOCOL

No 1 on January 23, 2006

1. Name of the farm Anilin, Yeisk district.

2. The number of the act of sampling 1.

3. Type of fertilizer - compost.

4. Date of sampling - 01/19/2006

3. The place of sampling - college "Yeisk" pos. Bolshelugshsky.

6. Shelf life - 3 years.

7. Storage method - loose.

8. Quantity - 540 cubic meters

9. NTD for products: GOST 26712-94, GOST 26713-85 - GOST 26718-85, GOST 27979-88, GOST 27980-88.

No. p / p The name of indicators Actually one. Moisture content, % 50,0 2. Mass fraction of the body. substances in dry matter,% 47.3 3. Mass fraction of total nitrogen in dry matter,% 1.17 four. Mass fraction of potassium in dry matter,% 1.44 3. Mass fraction of phosphorus in dry matter,% 1,2 6. C: N 20,2 7. Mobile compounds, mg / 100 g of dry matter: Potassium 670 Phosphorus 490 Nitrogen 480 8. pH of an aqueous suspension 7.2 9. The concentration of NPK in a natural substance, g / kg: Total nitrogen 5.9 Total potassium 7.2 Total phosphorus 6.0 Conclusion: The quality of compost is good; it can be used for any crop without fear of nitrogen starvation.

The invention meets all three patentability conditions:

1. The inventive method meets the requirements of the criterion of "novelty", since in the Russian Federation and abroad there are no known methods for producing vermicompost, where the main component of the substrate was used wastes of coniferous woodworking.

2. The claimed technical solution is environmentally and socially significant, simple, unexpected, does not follow obviously from the existing level of technology and meets the requirements of the criterion of "inventive step".

3. The inventive method can be used in a year-round production process, it is based on local production waste that is disposed of in a landfill, the method utilizes them by conversion into fertilizer.

Information sources

1. I.M. Gorodniy et al. Bioconversion of organic waste in a biodynamic economy. Kiev, Harvest, 1990, pp. 101-133.

2. RF patent 2074845 class. 6 A01K 67/03.

3. RF patent 2255078 C. 7 C05F 3/00.

Claims (4)

1. A method of producing organic fertilizer from wastes of coniferous woodworking, including mixing bird droppings, horse and / or cow manure, bark, sawdust, coniferous shavings, laying the collar, moistening it, grinding, settling the substrate with earthworms, characterized in that As the main component of the substrate, bark, sawdust and softwood shavings in the amount of 81% are taken, and bird droppings and manure, respectively, 11.7% and 7.3%, moisten the shoulder three times to a moisture content of 65-80%, immediately after laying, after 72 hours and after 2-2.5 months, before thoroughly mixing and grinding; and 1-1.5 months after the last wetting, the earthworm is brought into the pile, covered with any improvised material: soil, ash or straw, a layer of 5-7 cm and the process of extensive development and propagation of the earthworm without mixing, without dressing and selection is carried out within 9-12 months. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shoulder is laid 2.4-3 m high, 4.5-5 m wide of arbitrary length. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the earthworm Eiseni afoetida is added to the shoulder at the rate of 300 individuals per 1 m ^{3 of the} mixture. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the earthworm is introduced into the collar at an ambient temperature of not lower than 0 ° C.