RU2556042C1 - Method of production of organic fertiliser from biodegradable wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of production of organic fertiliser from biodegradable wastes comprises mixing bird dropping, livestock manure and biodegradable wastes, stacking the shoulder with the height of 2.4-3 m, the width of 4.5-5 m, of arbitrary length, its moisture, crushing, settling the substrate with rain worms Eisenia foetida in an amount of 500 zooids per 1 m³ of the mixture at an ambient temperature not lower than 0°C, at that the main component of the substrate is taken as scraps of trees, bushes, lawn grass and weeds, corn cores, food waste in an amount of 75%, and bird dropping and manure - 25%, the shoulder is moistened three times to moisture content of 60-70%, preliminary mixed, immediately after the stacking, and a half month and one month it is crushed with a hammer mill and moistened the 3rd time, the earthworms are placed, the shoulder is not covered, the process of biochemical degradation of compost and simultaneous propagation of earthworms is carried out without stirring, without fertilising and selection for 7.5 months.

EFFECT: invention enables to recycle wastes, to reduce the time of decomposition of compost, to obtain the quality fertiliser for any crop.

1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and environmental protection and can be used to obtain environmentally friendly fertilizer from biodegradable waste, does not require investment, using waste at the place of their occurrence, for example, near poultry farms.

Fertilizer is produced by the method of biochemical decomposition of waste: plant growing, weed vegetation, pruning of trees, shrubs, leaves, corn cobs, food waste, etc., using manure of farm animals, bird droppings in the presence of Eiseni afoetida earthworms.

There are many methods for processing organic fertilizers into vermicompost, where the final processing of freshly prepared compost is accelerated by vermicomposting while ensuring optimal conditions for the habitat of the worms both indoors and outdoors.

A known method of vermicomposting in an open environment by forming on the ground and populating with worms a bed in the form of beds of compost 1 meter wide and 50 meters long, limited from below and from the sides by a grid with intervals between beds of 0.5 meters (1). The thickness of the compost layer is 25-30 cm, the number of worms in a bed of 2 square meters is 100,000. The bed is protected from exposure to the sun. Periodic moistening of compost and top dressing with organic matter are provided. As a result of vermicomposting, worms process 60% of compost into humus and consume 40% to support their existence.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the term of vermicomposting, limited by the warm season, associated with the living conditions of the worm;

- the inability to migrate worms for the purpose of naturally leaving them processed compost and populating a new bed;

- the need to use a large number of worms.

There is also a known method for producing biohumus in an open environment by forming ridges on the soil from compost and planting a worm population in it (2).

The method is based on applying top-dressing layers on the right or left side of each ridge along its entire length, where compost worms continuously migrate, forming an active vermicompost zone, and harvesting the finished vermicompost from the opposite side until all the initial distance between neighboring ridges. After feeding is applied to the opposite sides of all ridges and the process is repeated again, returning all ridges to their original place. In vermicomposting, the nature and properties of worm behavior are used.

The method is cheap and simple, but, providing continuous production of vermicompost, requires the same continuous participation in the production process.

Another disadvantage of this method is the need to use a special coating material (lutrasil, florisil), which leads to additional costs.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method for producing organic fertilizer from wastes of coniferous woodworking, claimed patent 01/30/2007, patent No. 2337085 (3), using horse and / or cow manure and bird droppings in the presence of Eiseni afoeticia earthworms and based on biochemical decomposition of waste.

The prototype method is aimed at recycling coniferous woodworking waste, at simplifying and reducing the cost of fertilizer production, does not require the use of energy-intensive technical means. 81% of bark, sawdust, coniferous shavings and 19% of manure of farm animals and bird droppings are mixed directly in the field, an organic mixture collar is placed 2.4-3 m high, 4.5-5 m wide and 50-70 m long using tractor loader.

After laying the collar, it is moistened three times to a moisture content of 65-80%: immediately after laying, after 72 hours and after 2-2.5 months. Before the last wetting, the substrate is crushed with a hammer mill, and after 1-1.5 months after the last wetting, a local earthworm is brought into the pile - 500 individuals per 1 square meter of the mixture, cover it with any material at hand: earth, ash, straw and carry out the development process and propagation of the earthworm without mixing, top dressing and selection for 9-12 months. The duration of the fertilizer preparation process is 12-16 months.

The claimed method is also based on the biochemical decomposition of waste, using local bio-materials of local earthworms.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the disposal of waste, simplifying the method of producing fertilizer and reducing the time of compost decomposition, and as a result, obtaining high-quality fertilizer for any agricultural crop.

New in it is that a fundamentally different filler is proposed: pruning of trees, shrubs, lawn grass, corn cobs, food waste, which, as in the prototype, is the main component of the substrate (75%), and manure and bird droppings (25%) - necessary participants in the process. The percentage of components, time intervals obtained experimentally.

Advantageously, the claimed method differs from the prototype even more simplification of the process - compost does not need covering material at all. In the prototype invention, the coniferous substrate is covered so that the biochemical decomposition goes completely along the shoulder, since the coniferous resins decompose more slowly and therefore need a covering material.

The contrast difference between the claimed invention and the prototype in composition affects the duration of the fertilizer preparation process: not 12-16 months, as in the prototype, but 10, since the composition of the compost is more comfortable for local earthworms, and softwood resins decompose longer and the compost matures longer.

At the same time, the quality of the compost is good, it can be used for any crops, it is freely absorbed by the soil and passes into nutrients available to plants, which is confirmed by the results of laboratory tests (see. "Test report of products").

This compost is a favorable environment for the reproduction and development of the local earthworm, which, when it enters the soil with its vital activity, improves it, increases the humus content, as in the prototype, the worms are transferred to the soil along with fertilizer.

The proposed method for producing organic fertilizer from biodegradable waste involves mixing this waste (75%) with bird droppings and manure of farm animals (25%). Manure and litter - in any ratio. Trimming trees and shrubs is passed through the chopper, stack and form a shoulder of the organic mixture 2.4-3 m high, 4.5-5 m wide and 50-70 m long, possibly less using a tractor loader. The specified dimensions of the shoulder worked out experimentally.

After laying the collar, it is moistened three times to a moisture content of 60-70%, the first moistening within 2-3 days, then the first biochemical decomposition of the starting components takes place within a month and a half. After a month and a half, the shoulder is re-mixed and moistened to a moisture content of 60-70%. The second biochemical decomposition of the shoulder lasts one month.

After that, the collar is crushed with a hammer mill, moistened again for a third time to a moisture content of 60-70% and the local earthworm Eiseni afoetida is introduced at the rate of 500 individuals per 1 sq. M of mixture. Next is the process of biochemical decomposition of compost and, at the same time, the development and propagation of the earthworm without stirring, top dressing and selection for 7.5 months in natural conditions.

Depending on weather conditions, the collar can be dampened to a moisture content of 60-70%, which is comfortable for worms. The process of fertilizer formation proceeds on its own; the ability of self-regulation of the aeration regime by earthworms in collars, initially large, is used. Compost worms are quite resistant to environmental conditions, since this is a local population, they can be introduced into the substrate at any time of the year, if the temperature is not below 0 ° C. The amount of earthworm in compost increases by 20 times.

So, the total duration of the fertilizer preparation process is 10 months.

Example. The peasant farm organized a test production site of vermicomposting. Manure of farm animals and bird droppings - 25% and filler - household biodegradable waste: shredded trimmings of trees and shrubs (degree of shredding from 2 to 70 mm), lawn weeds, corn cobs, food waste, in any ratio - 75% were used as a substrate .

Prepared 0.6 m ^{3 of} manure and 1.8 m ^{3 of} filler (percentage by volume), a total of 2.4 m ³ . This ratio is one calculated part of the compost. Burt was laid out of 200 components of the prepared mixture on a hard coating in an open environment.

After laying the pile with a tractor loader up to 3 m high, 4.5-5 m wide, 50-70 m long, it was moistened to a moisture content of 60-70%. After a month and a half, they carried out a reburting and moistened the shoulder again. A month later, we carried out the next re-folding with the maximum grinding (less than 30 mm) and the introduction of an earthworm at the rate of 500 individuals per 1 m ³ , with moistening up to 60-70% if necessary, depending on weather conditions.

The burt is not hiding, there is a process of intensive reproduction of the local earthworm and at the same time the biochemical decomposition of compost. After 7.5 months, the compost is ready for application to the soil.

The proposed method for producing fertilizer is easily implemented, has a low cost. At the same time, two positive results are achieved: they receive high-quality, environmentally friendly fertilizer with an abundance of worms that are useful for the soil and biodegradable waste is disposed of.

Fertilizer from coniferous woodworking waste (prototype) is environmentally beneficial to produce where the forest is processed, and new fertilizer from biodegradable waste is almost everywhere, near livestock farms, poultry farms, in rural settlements, turning waste into income.

Information sources

1. I.M. Gorodnyi et al. Bioconversion of organic waste in a biodynamic economy. Kiev, Harvest, 1990, pp. 101-133.

2. RF patent 2255078, cl. 7 C05F 3/100.

3. RF patent 2337085, cl. C05F 3/00, C05F 11/00, A01K 67/033.

Claims (1)

A method of producing organic fertilizer from biodegradable waste, including mixing poultry manure, farm animal manure and biodegradable waste, laying a pile of 2.4-3 m high, 4.5-5 m wide, of arbitrary length, moistening it, grinding it, settling the substrate with earthworms Eisenia foetida at the rate of 500 individuals per 1 m ^{3 of the} mixture at an ambient temperature of at least 0 ° С, characterized in that as the main component of the substrate, trees, shrubs, lawn and weeds, corn cobs are taken and, food waste in the amount of 75%, and bird droppings and manure - 25%, moisten the shoulder three times to a moisture content of 60-70%, after mixing, immediately after laying, after one and a half months and after another one month, it is crushed with a hammer mill and moistened in 3 th time, the earthworm is introduced, the collar is not covered, the biochemical decomposition of compost and the simultaneous propagation of the earthworm are carried out without stirring, without top dressing and selection for 7.5 months.

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