CN113354457A - Labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid rural composting method - Google Patents
Labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid rural composting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113354457A CN113354457A CN202110615054.9A CN202110615054A CN113354457A CN 113354457 A CN113354457 A CN 113354457A CN 202110615054 A CN202110615054 A CN 202110615054A CN 113354457 A CN113354457 A CN 113354457A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid rural composting method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a compost part, excavating an air-permeable ditch, erecting a support structure, paving a bottom pad, crushing waste, mixing crushed materials, adding water and urea, stacking mixed materials, covering a transparent agricultural film and turning the pile for moisturizing, S1, selecting the compost part by using a temperature and humidity detector, selecting a proper position as a composting site, S2, excavating the air-permeable ditch with a proper size by using a tool, ensuring the interval of the air-permeable ditch to be 0.3-0.4m, S3, erecting the support structure, raising the upper part of the ditch by using sticks or branches, and forming a structure for supporting by using the sticks or the branches. The invention has the beneficial effects that: through opening the ventilative ditch in the heap body below, can form the mode of autonomic oxygen suppliment, can improve the area of contact of material and oxygen, avoid frequent turning over the heap oxygenation to the heap body, save labour, save time, improve compost efficiency and reduce the compost cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rural fast composting, in particular to a labor-saving, time-saving, simple and easy fast composting method in rural areas.
Background
Composting generally refers to composting, also known as composting. Refers to a biochemical process for controllably promoting the conversion of degradable organic matters in solid wastes into stable humus by utilizing microorganisms widely existing in the nature. The compost is a process for producing organic fertilizer, the nutrient substances contained in the compost are rich, the fertilizer effect is long and stable, the formation of a soil solid particle structure is facilitated, the water retention, heat preservation, air permeability and fertilizer retention capability of the soil can be improved, and the compost can be mixed with the chemical fertilizer to make up the defects that the nutrient contained in the chemical fertilizer is single, the soil is hardened by single use of the chemical fertilizer for a long time, and the water retention and fertilizer retention performance is reduced. The compost is an organic fertilizer prepared by composting and decomposing various organic wastes (such as crop straws, weeds, leaves, peat, organic domestic garbage, kitchen waste, sludge, human and animal excrement, vinasse, mushroom bran and other wastes) serving as main raw materials. The composting is one of the agricultural waste recycling ways, the aerobic composting can quickly decompose the agricultural organic waste, and the aerobic composting needs to turn the pile and increase oxygen, which is labor-consuming and time-consuming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a labor-saving, time-saving, simple and rapid rural composting method, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid rural composting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a compost position, selecting the compost position by using a temperature and humidity detection instrument, and selecting a proper position as a compost place;
s2, excavating ventilation trenches with proper sizes by using a tool after the step S1 is finished, and ensuring the trench spacing of the ventilation trenches to be 0.3-0.4 m;
s3, erecting a supporting structure, and after the step S2 is completed, raising the upper part of the ditch by using sticks or branches, and forming a structure for supporting by using the sticks or the branches;
s4, paving a bottom mat, namely paving a proper amount of corn straws or grass at the bottom of the ventilation ditch opened in the step S2, and forming the bottom mat by using the corn straws or the grass;
s5, crushing the wastes, namely crushing agricultural wastes such as crop straws, various weeds and branches by using crushing equipment after the step S4 is finished, so that the crop straws, the various weeds and the like are crushed into fine particles or blocks to obtain crushed substances;
s6, mixing the crushed materials, selecting a proper amount of livestock and poultry manure after the step S5 is finished, and uniformly mixing the crushed materials and the livestock and poultry manure together to prepare a mixture required by composting;
s7, adding water and urea, and adding a proper amount of water and urea into the mixture while the step S6 is carried out to enable the water content of the mixture material to reach 60% so as to obtain a mixture material;
s8, stacking the mixed materials, namely after the step S7 is completed, fluffy spreading the mixed materials prepared in the step S7 on the upper part of the ventilation channel to ensure that the mixed materials are stacked into a trapezoid;
s9, covering a transparent agricultural film, and after the step S8 is finished, covering the transparent agricultural film on the trapezoidal compost to ensure that the position of the air-permeable ditch at the bottom of the pile width is exposed, thereby finishing the composting;
and S10, turning piles for supplementing moisture, and supplementing the fertilizer piles which are not enough to be decomposed into one time of turning piles for supplementing moisture at the later stage.
Preferably, in step S2, the length of the air-permeable groove is 10-15m, the width of the groove is 0.4-0.6m, and the depth of the air-permeable groove is 0.4-0.6 m.
Preferably, when the support structure is erected in step S3, the distance between the live branches of the sticks is not too large or too small, and the distance between the sticks or branches is 0.7-1 cm.
Preferably, in the step S4, when the bottom mat is laid by using the corn stalks or grass, the corn stalks or grass are not crushed, and the thickness of the bottom mat is 7-10 cm.
Preferably, in the step S5, when agricultural wastes such as crop straws, various weeds and branches are crushed, the lengths of the crushed crop straws, various weeds and branches are 2-10 cm.
Preferably, in step S6, the mixing ratio between the ground agricultural waste and the livestock and poultry manure is 4: 6, in the step S7, when water and urea are added, one kilogram of urea is added to each cubic of the material, and the urea is dissolved in the water and added to the material.
Preferably, when the step S7 is performed, a decomposing agent may be added as needed, and the amount of the decomposing agent may be used according to the instructions for use of the decomposing agent.
Preferably, in step S8, when the mixed material is piled up, the height of the trapezoidal compost pile is 1.5m, the width of the trapezoidal lower opening is 3-4m, the width of the trapezoidal upper opening is 2-3m, and the top material is in the shape of a ditch with two high sides and a middle low side.
Preferably, the thickness of the transparent agricultural film used in the step S9 is 0.06 mm.
Preferably, in the step S8, when the compost of the mixed materials is performed, the composting time is performed in the first 10 months to 11 months, and the compost can be placed in a greenhouse.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: through opening the ventilative ditch in the heap body below, can form the mode of autonomic oxygen suppliment, can improve the area of contact of material and oxygen, avoid frequent turning over the heap oxygenation to the heap body, save labour, save time, improve compost efficiency and reduce the compost cost.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid rural composting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a compost position, selecting the compost position by using a temperature and humidity detection instrument, and selecting a proper position as a compost place;
s2, excavating ventilation trenches with proper sizes by using a tool after the step S1 is finished, and ensuring the trench spacing of the ventilation trenches to be 0.3-0.4 m;
s3, erecting a supporting structure, and after the step S2 is completed, raising the upper part of the ditch by using sticks or branches, and forming a structure for supporting by using the sticks or the branches;
s4, paving a bottom mat, namely paving a proper amount of corn straws or grass at the bottom of the ventilation ditch opened in the step S2, and forming the bottom mat by using the corn straws or the grass;
s5, crushing the wastes, namely crushing agricultural wastes such as crop straws, various weeds and branches by using crushing equipment after the step S4 is finished, so that the crop straws, the various weeds and the like are crushed into fine particles or blocks to obtain crushed substances;
s6, mixing the crushed materials, selecting a proper amount of livestock and poultry manure after the step S5 is finished, and uniformly mixing the crushed materials and the livestock and poultry manure together to prepare a mixture required by composting;
s7, adding water and urea, and adding a proper amount of water and urea into the mixture while the step S6 is carried out to enable the water content of the mixture material to reach 60% so as to obtain a mixture material;
s8, stacking the mixed materials, namely after the step S7 is completed, fluffy spreading the mixed materials prepared in the step S7 on the upper part of the ventilation channel to ensure that the mixed materials are stacked into a trapezoid;
s9, covering a transparent agricultural film, and after the step S8 is finished, covering the transparent agricultural film on the trapezoidal compost to ensure that the position of the air-permeable ditch at the bottom of the pile width is exposed, thereby finishing the composting;
and S10, turning piles for supplementing moisture, and supplementing the fertilizer piles which are not enough to be decomposed into one time of turning piles for supplementing moisture at the later stage.
Wherein, in step S2, the length of the ventilation groove is 10-15m, the width of the groove is 0.4-0.6m, and the depth of the ventilation groove is 0.4-0.6 m; when the supporting structure is erected in the step S3, the space between the live branches of the sticks is ensured not to be too large or too small, and the space between the sticks or the branches is 0.7-1 cm; in the step S4, when the bottom mat is laid by using the corn straws or the grass, the corn straws or the grass are not crushed, and the thickness of the laid bottom mat is 7-10 cm; in step S5, when agricultural wastes such as crop straws, various weeds and branches are crushed, the lengths of the crushed crop straws, various weeds and branches are 2-10 cm; in step S6, the mixing ratio of the ground agricultural waste to the livestock manure is 4: 6, in the step S7, when water and urea are added, one kilogram of urea is added to each cubic of material, and the urea is dissolved in the water and added to the material; when the step S7 is performed, a decomposing agent may be added as needed, and the amount of the decomposing agent is used according to the instructions of the decomposing agent; in the step S8, when the mixed materials are piled up, the height of the trapezoid compost pile is 1.5m, the width of the lower opening of the trapezoid is 3-4m, the width of the upper opening is 2-3m, and the top materials are in a ditch shape with two high sides and a low middle part; the thickness of the transparent agricultural film adopted in the step S9 is 0.06 mm; in step S8, when the compost is mixed, the composting time is from 10 months to 11 months, and the compost can be placed in a greenhouse.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid rural composting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a compost position, selecting the compost position by using a temperature and humidity detection instrument, and selecting a proper position as a compost place;
s2, excavating ventilation trenches with proper sizes by using a tool after the step S1 is finished, and ensuring the trench spacing of the ventilation trenches to be 0.3-0.4 m;
s3, erecting a supporting structure, and after the step S2 is completed, raising the upper part of the ditch by using sticks or branches, and forming a structure for supporting by using the sticks or the branches;
s4, paving a bottom mat, namely paving a proper amount of corn straws or grass at the bottom of the ventilation ditch opened in the step S2, and forming the bottom mat by using the corn straws or the grass;
s5, crushing the wastes, namely crushing agricultural wastes such as crop straws, various weeds and branches by using crushing equipment after the step S4 is finished, so that the crop straws, the various weeds and the like are crushed into fine particles or blocks to obtain crushed substances;
s6, mixing the crushed materials, selecting a proper amount of livestock and poultry manure after the step S5 is finished, and uniformly mixing the crushed materials and the livestock and poultry manure together to prepare a mixture required by composting;
s7, adding water and urea, and adding a proper amount of water and urea into the mixture while the step S6 is carried out to enable the water content of the mixture material to reach 60% so as to obtain a mixture material;
s8, stacking the mixed materials, namely after the step S7 is completed, fluffy spreading the mixed materials prepared in the step S7 on the upper part of the ventilation channel to ensure that the mixed materials are stacked into a trapezoid;
s9, covering a transparent agricultural film, and after the step S8 is finished, covering the transparent agricultural film on the trapezoidal compost to ensure that the position of the air-permeable ditch at the bottom of the pile width is exposed, thereby finishing the composting;
and S10, turning piles for supplementing moisture, and supplementing the fertilizer piles which are not enough to be decomposed into one time of turning piles for supplementing moisture at the later stage.
2. The rural labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the length of the ventilation groove is 10-15m, the width of the groove is 0.4-0.6m, and the depth of the ventilation groove is 0.4-0.6 m.
3. The rural labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: when the supporting structure is erected in the step S3, the distance between the live branches of the sticks is ensured not to be too large or too small, and the distance between the sticks or the branches is 0.7-1 cm.
4. The rural labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, when the bottom mat is laid by using the corn stalks or grass, the corn stalks or grass are not crushed, and the thickness of the bottom mat is 7-10 cm.
5. The rural labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S5, when agricultural wastes such as crop straws, various weeds and branches are crushed, the lengths of the crushed crop straws, various weeds and branches are 2-10 cm.
6. The rural labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S6, the mixing ratio of the ground agricultural waste to the livestock manure is 4: 6, in the step S7, when water and urea are added, one kilogram of urea is added to each cubic of the material, and the urea is dissolved in the water and added to the material.
7. The rural labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: when the step S7 is performed, a decomposing agent may be added as needed, and the amount of the decomposing agent may be used according to the instructions for use of the decomposing agent.
8. The labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid rural composting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S8, when the mixed materials are piled up, the height of the trapezoidal compost pile is 1.5m, the width of the trapezoidal lower opening is 3-4m, the width of the upper opening is 2-3m, and the top materials are in the shape of a ditch with two high sides and a low middle.
9. The rural labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the transparent agricultural film adopted in the step S9 is 0.06 mm.
10. The rural labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid composting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S8, when the mixed material is composted, the composting time is from 10 months to 11 months, and the compost can be placed in a greenhouse.
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| CN202110615054.9A CN113354457A (en) | 2021-06-02 | 2021-06-02 | Labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid rural composting method |
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| CN202110615054.9A CN113354457A (en) | 2021-06-02 | 2021-06-02 | Labor-saving, time-saving, simplified and rapid rural composting method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114933496A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-23 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Low-carbon micro-aerobic composting method for agricultural and forestry waste |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114933496A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-23 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Low-carbon micro-aerobic composting method for agricultural and forestry waste |
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