CN113603553A - Organic matrix, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Organic matrix, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113603553A CN113603553A CN202110808488.0A CN202110808488A CN113603553A CN 113603553 A CN113603553 A CN 113603553A CN 202110808488 A CN202110808488 A CN 202110808488A CN 113603553 A CN113603553 A CN 113603553A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly discloses an organic substrate, a preparation method and application, wherein the organic substrate is prepared by performing film-covering aerobic fermentation by using a decomposed material and a decomposing agent as raw materials; wherein, the raw materials of the rotten clinker at least comprise auxiliary materials, garden wastes and other organic wastes. The preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple, compared with the traditional compost fermentation technology, the fermentation period is short, the composting is completed within 30-50 days, the problem that most of fertilizers produced based on green plant wastes have long production period is solved, and the organic matrix prepared by the embodiment of the invention can be used for preparing the fertilizers or directly used for fertilizing to increase fertility and improve soil, so that harmless and resource utilization is realized, and the application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to an organic matrix, a preparation method and application.
Background
The garden waste is also called green plant waste and garden waste, and is organic waste, so the garden waste is generally called green waste. Because of the abnormity (grass clippings, dry branches, fallen leaves, branches and the like) and the dispersion (fragmentation of green land) of the garden waste, the recycling and transportation cost is high, the crushing treatment is not easy, the time for processing the garden waste into commodities is long, and the occupied area is large.
At present, the green plant wastes are mostly buried or burned as urban garbage, so that biomass resource waste, land resource occupation, haze aggravation, garbage treatment cost increase and fire hazard potential are caused. Along with the increase of the greening area, the urban green quantity rises, the generated wastes also increase year by year, and the greening consumption problem is obvious. Therefore, the treatment and disposal of garden waste is urgently needed to be developed towards resource utilization.
Generally, the green plant waste can be fermented into the fertilizer by adopting the traditional compost decomposing and fermenting technology, but in the traditional compost decomposing and fermenting technology, the compost decomposing and fermenting is carried out by adopting the traditional strip pile type or groove type, so that the occupied area is large, and the fermentation period is long. Therefore, the above technical solutions have the following disadvantages in practical application: at present, compost decomposing and fermenting methods based on green plant wastes mostly have the problems of large occupied area and long fermentation period, so that fertilizers produced based on the green plant wastes have the problem of long production period.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide an organic matrix to solve the problem that most of the existing fertilizers produced based on green plant wastes in the background art have long production period.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
an organic matrix is prepared by performing film-covering aerobic fermentation on at least a decomposed material and a proper amount of decomposing agent as raw materials; the raw materials of the rotten clinker at least comprise organic garbage and auxiliary materials, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the auxiliary materials is not more than 40: 1.
It should be noted that, in the prior art, as the greening area increases, the generated waste also increases year by year, and the data shows that the national garden waste generates 4000 million tons per year, and if the urban greening area, i.e. the area of urban and rural junctions, the greening areas of roads, railways, etc. are considered, the garden greening waste is far more than this amount, accounting for 15-30% of the total amount of urban garbage, and as the time goes on, the greening area increases, and the amount of garden waste also increases year by year. At present, most of treatment methods for garden wastes adopt a traditional compost decomposing and fermenting technology, and in the traditional compost decomposing and fermenting technology, the traditional strip pile type or groove type compost decomposing and fermenting technology is adopted, so that the occupied area is large, the fermenting time is long, the one-time investment is large, the decomposition is not thorough, the odor cannot be controlled, and the secondary pollution is caused. According to the embodiment of the invention, by adopting a low-cost, rapid, thorough and odor-emission-free decomposition fermentation technology, the decomposed material and a proper amount of decomposition agent are directly used as raw materials to carry out film-covering aerobic fermentation to obtain the soil organic matrix or modifier and modifier fertilizer, and the soil organic matrix or modifier and modifier fertilizer are returned to the green land, so that the aims of reduction, harmlessness and recycling of organic wastes from the source and the aims of green-nourishing and low-carbon circulation are realized, and huge economic environment and social benefits can be generated.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: the auxiliary materials are selected from one or more of livestock and poultry manure, nitrogen fertilizer and food processing waste.
As a further scheme of the embodiment of the invention: the film-covered aerobic fermentation is to cover a fermentation material formed by mixing at least a rotten clinker and a decomposing agent with a nano film to perform aerobic fermentation.
Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the organic matrix, which specifically includes the following steps: weighing organic garbage according to a proportion, mixing the organic garbage with auxiliary materials to form rotten clinker, and then adding a proper amount of rotten agent to carry out film-covering aerobic fermentation to obtain the organic matrix.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an organic substrate prepared by the above method for preparing an organic substrate.
Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide an application of the organic substrate in landscaping and/or fertilizer processing and/or soil remediation.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the organic substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by film-covering aerobic fermentation by taking a decomposed material and a decomposing agent as raw materials; wherein, the raw materials of the rotten clinker at least comprise organic garbage (preferably garden waste which is rapidly fermented by a nano fermentation film system on the spot after being crushed) and auxiliary materials. The provided preparation method is simple, compared with the traditional compost fermentation technology, the fermentation period is short, the traditional mode needs 90-180 days, the method only needs 30-50 days to complete the decomposition, the problem that most of the existing fertilizers produced based on green plant wastes have long production period is solved, and the organic matrix prepared by the embodiment of the invention can be used for preparing the fertilizers or directly used for fertilizing to increase fertility and improve soil, so that harmless and resource utilization is realized, and the method has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an organic matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a foundation of a composting site according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanomembrane aerobic fermentation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a fermentation zone; 2-coverage area; 3-an oxygen concentration sensor; 4-a temperature sensor; 5-a nanofilm; 6-a control cabinet; 7-high pressure centrifugal fan; 8-a heater; 9-a ventilation pipe; 10-leachate collecting tank; 11-a nanofilm sealing layer; 12-impermeable base layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention in any way. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention. These are all within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
The organic substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by performing film-covering aerobic fermentation on raw materials at least containing rotten clinker and a proper amount of rotten agent; the raw materials of the rotten clinker at least comprise organic garbage and auxiliary materials, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the auxiliary materials is not more than 40: 1.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic waste is green plant waste and/or kitchen waste. Specifically, the green plant waste is garden waste, and the two major sources of organic waste are garden waste and kitchen waste, and in practical application, the organic waste is preferably green plant waste, and the green plant waste is collected on site, treated and efficiently composted and fermented into an organic substrate.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the green plant wastes are plant residues generated by natural withering or curing of trees, grasses and flowers, and the main source is trees, grasses and flowers in scenic spots, flower markets, parks, nursery gardens, green belts on both sides of roads, and usually include branches, twigs, broken grasses, fallen leaves, flowers and plants, etc.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic waste is specifically green plant waste, and the preferred formulation is weed: fresh branches: rotten branches (water retention, moisture regulation) are 5:10:1 (volume ratio).
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary material is selected from any one or more of livestock and poultry manure, nitrogen fertilizer, and food processing waste.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from any one or more of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the livestock and poultry manure mainly refers to a kind of rural solid waste generated in livestock and poultry breeding industry, including pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, etc., and of course, human manure may also be used, which is specifically selected according to the needs, and is not limited herein.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the food processing waste can be low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio raw materials such as monosodium glutamate leftovers, bean dregs and the like.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decomposition agent is an organic material decomposition agent in the prior art, which is a composite strain containing a plurality of beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus licheniformis, yeast, aspergillus niger and lignin-decomposing bacteria.
As another preferable embodiment of the invention, the blending amount of the decomposing agent is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the weight of the decomposing material.
Preferably, the organic matrix is prepared by mixing crushed green plant waste with auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary materials are livestock and poultry manure or food leftovers mainly containing nitrogen nutrition, such as bean dregs, mushroom dregs and urea nitrogen fertilizer, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of a fermentation material is finally ensured to be 20:1-40:1, the water content is controlled to be 50-60 wt%, and the organic matrix is prepared by mixing multiple beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes, aspergillus niger and lignin decomposing bacteria in an amount of 0.1-0.3 wt% of a rotten material, then performing film-covering aerobic fermentation, aging and thoroughly decomposing.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the film-covered aerobic fermentation is to cover a fermentation material formed by mixing at least the rotten clinker and the decomposing agent with a nano film to perform aerobic fermentation.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the nanomembrane is 20 to 50 μm.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the nanomembrane is 30 to 40 μm.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the moisture permeability of the nano-film is 8000-10000 g/(m)224hr), pore size of 55-200nm, porosity of 70-90%; wherein, the ratio is 8000-224hr), represents 1m2The amount of water vapor passing through a unit area (square meter) for a fixed time (24 hours, hr) was 8000-10000 g.
Preferably, a thickness of 30-40 μm and a moisture permeability of 8000-10000 g/(m)224hr), a selectively permeable polytetrafluoroethylene nano-membrane having a pore size of 55 to 200nm and a porosity of 70 to 90%, which is coated on the deposited fermented material, functions to allow the permeation of substances smaller than the pore size of the membrane, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide, and to trap substances exceeding the pore size of the membrane, such as odorous gases, pathogenic bacteria, dust, etc., in the membrane, and then the nano-membrane is sealed and fixed on the impermeable layer by a sealing bag filled with sand of uniform size to perform aerobic fermentation.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the organic substrate, in particular to a method for efficiently fermenting green plant wastes into the organic substrate by in-situ collection and treatment, which comprises the following steps:
weighing organic garbage according to a proportion, mixing the organic garbage with auxiliary materials to form rotten clinker, and then adding a proper amount of rotten agent to carry out film-covering aerobic fermentation to obtain the organic matrix.
Wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the rotten clinker is 20:1-40:1, and the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1-30: 1.
The preparation method of the organic matrix provided by the embodiment of the invention is a method which can crush and treat organic wastes generated in fermented gardens in urban areas, realize on-site treatment, rapid fermentation and decomposition, remove odor, directly return the produced organic matrix to fields, and improve and repair soil.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the organic substrate further comprises a step of adjusting the moisture content, specifically, the moisture content of the rotten clinker (the garden greening waste stacking material) is adjusted to 50 wt% -60 wt% by adding dry and wet materials or adding water, if the moisture content of the branches is low, the branches can be soaked in advance, or water needs to be added or the wet materials need to be added for adjustment.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen concentration during aerobic fermentation of the coated membrane is 10 to 15 vol% (vol/vol), and the fermentation temperature is 50 to 75 ℃, preferably 50 to 65 ℃.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the method for preparing an organic substrate, when the oxygen concentration of the fermentation stack is less than 10 vol%, the high pressure centrifugal fan is started, and fresh air is supplied to the fermentation stack through the air supply pipe, and when the oxygen concentration of the fermentation stack is more than 15 vol% and the operation is performed for more than 5min, or the high pressure centrifugal fan is performed for more than 10min, the operation of the high pressure centrifugal fan is stopped. In the aerobic fermentation process, the temperature of the pile is preferably 50-65 ℃, and when the temperature of the pile is higher than 75 ℃, the high-pressure centrifugal fan is started to reduce the temperature.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the organic substrate further comprises a step of aging and decomposing, specifically, after the film-covered aerobic fermentation is carried out for 30-50 days, the film is removed, the high-temperature aerobic fermentation is completed, in order to further improve the decomposing effect, a forklift is adopted to convey the materials to an aging area, the materials are kept still and stacked for 30-45 days, the compost is turned over for 1-2 times, the compost is aged and decomposed, the finished product is the organic substrate, the organic substrate can be directly applied to green land, and can also be used as a raw material for developing organic fertilizers, and the organic substrate is prepared into organic fertilizers for farmland.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the organic matrix prepared by the preparation method of the organic matrix.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the organic matrix in landscaping and/or fertilizer processing and/or soil remediation.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the application of the organic matrix, the produced organic matrix can be directly applied to green lands for landscaping, can also be used as a raw material for developing organic fertilizers, can be prepared into the organic fertilizers for farmlands and can also be used as a modifier for improving and repairing soil, and the application prospect is wide.
The technical effects of the organic matrix of the present invention will be further described below by referring to specific examples.
Example 1
An organic matrix is prepared by the following specific method (shown in fig. 1):
1. collecting and crushing on site: the garden waste (namely green plant waste) collected around the green land is crushed into particles with the particle size of less than 2cm for fermentation.
2. Building a composting field: a compost field is built around a green land, a ground hardened cement land or a paving brick can be used, and the size of an area covered by compost materials is as follows: 6m is multiplied by 20m, 3 ventilation pipe grooves with the length of 18.5m, the width of 12cm and the depth of 12cm are arranged in the hardened ground, the distance between the ventilation pipe grooves is 2m, and the ventilation pipes are paved in the ventilation pipe grooves.
3. Preparing compost raw materials: mixing the crushed green plant wastes with auxiliary materials to form a fermentation material, wherein the auxiliary materials adopt livestock and poultry manure or food leftovers mainly containing nitrogen nutrition, such as bean dregs and mushroom dregs, and also can select a urea nitrogen fertilizer as the auxiliary materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material is finally ensured to be 20:1, the water content is controlled to be 50 wt%, and the fermentation material is blended with a compound strain containing multiple beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes, aspergillus niger and lignin decomposing bacteria as a decomposing agent, and the blending amount is 0.1 wt% of the decomposing agent.
4. Film covering fermentation: covering the stacked fermentation material with a nano-film with the aperture of 50 nanometers, and then sealing and fixing the film on the peripheral impermeable layer by using a sealing bag filled with sandy soil; and starting an intelligent control system, setting parameters according to fermentation requirements, and ventilating and regulating oxygen and temperature.
5. Aging and decomposing: after the high-temperature aerobic fermentation is finished for 30 days, the film is removed, the mixture is stood and stacked for 30 days, the stack is turned for 1 time, the compost is aged and decomposed, the finished product is an organic substrate, can be directly applied to green land and also can be used as a raw material for developing an organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is prepared and used for farmlands.
Example 2
An organic matrix is prepared by the following specific method (shown in fig. 1):
1. collecting and crushing on site: the garden waste (namely green plant waste) collected around the green land is crushed into particles with the particle size of less than 2cm for fermentation.
2. Building a composting field: a compost field is built around a green land, a ground hardened cement land or a paving brick can be used, and the size of an area covered by compost materials is as follows: 6m is multiplied by 20m, 3 ventilation pipe grooves with the length of 18.5m, the width of 12cm and the depth of 12cm are arranged in the hardened ground, the distance between the ventilation pipe grooves is 2m, and the ventilation pipes are paved in the ventilation pipe grooves.
3. Preparing compost raw materials: mixing the crushed green plant wastes with auxiliary materials to form a fermented material, wherein the auxiliary materials adopt livestock and poultry manure or food leftovers mainly containing nitrogen nutrition, such as bean dregs and mushroom dregs, and also can select a urea nitrogen fertilizer as the auxiliary materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermented material is finally ensured to be 40:1, the water content is controlled to be 60 wt%, and the fermented material is blended with a composite strain containing multiple beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes, aspergillus niger and lignin decomposing bacteria as a decomposing agent, and the blending amount is 0.3 wt% of the rotten material.
4. Film covering fermentation: covering a nano film with the aperture of 200 nanometers on the piled fermentation material, and then sealing and fixing the film on the anti-seepage layer at the periphery by using a sealing bag filled with sandy soil; and starting an intelligent control system, setting parameters according to fermentation requirements, and ventilating and regulating oxygen and temperature.
5. Aging and decomposing: after the high-temperature aerobic fermentation is completed for 50 days, the film is removed, the mixture is stood and stacked for 45 days, the stack is turned over for 2 times, the compost is aged and decomposed, the finished product is an organic substrate, can be directly applied to green land and also can be used as a raw material for developing an organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is prepared and used for farmlands.
In the embodiment of the invention, the green plant waste is treated and utilized on site by adopting the linkage control of the organic rotting clinker and the nano-film intelligent composting fermentation equipment, so that the diffusion of odor gas in the fermentation process is prevented, the breeding of mosquitoes and flies is reduced, and pathogenic bacteria, ova and grass seeds are killed; disease transmission is reduced, dust flies, and partial pesticide residues are degraded; the full-year operation, intelligent control, short fermentation period, thorough decomposition, no need of turning, small occupied area, low investment and mobility.
Example 3
A preparation method of an organic matrix, in particular to a method for fermenting and decomposing green plant waste organic matter crushed compost, which comprises the following steps:
1) in-situ grinding process: the garden waste collected around the green land, mainly trimmed branches and dead trees, is crushed into particles with the particle size smaller than 2cm for fermentation; 2) establishing a composting site nearby: the area covered by the compost material is established around the green land and has the size as follows: 6m is multiplied by 20m, namely brick land or cement hardened ground with the width of 6.5-6.8m and the length of 21m-22m is paved, 3 ventilating pipe grooves with the length of 18.5m, the width of 12cm and the depth of 12cm are arranged in the hardened ground, and the distance between the ventilating pipe grooves is 2 m; 3) and (3) composting fermentation process: adding blending auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary materials can be selected from low-carbon nitrogen ratio raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, food leftovers, bean dregs and the like, or can be selected from nitrogen fertilizer urea, 1kg of urea is added according to 1 ton of dry branches and fallen leaves, the nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed into the mixed material after being dissolved in water and then is piled, and the adding amount of the auxiliary materials ensures that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermented material is 20:1-40: 1; the water content is controlled at 50-60%; 4) and (3) microbial inoculation: the decomposing inoculant is a compound microbial inoculant which comprises various beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus, saccharomycetes and the like; by adding the compound microbial agent, the adding amount is 0.1-0.3% of the mass of the pile body; 5) covering with a nano film: covering the stacked strip stacks with a composite nano-film (with the aperture of 50-200 nm), and sealing and fixing the composite nano-film on the peripheral impermeable layer by using a sealing bag filled with sandy soil; 6) intelligently controlling high-temperature aerobic fermentation: the continuous monitoring of fermentation parameters is realized through a sensor inserted on the stacking strip stack, and the fermentation parameters are fed back to a programmable logic controller to regulate and control temperature and oxygen, so that the fermentation requirements are met, and the fermentation process is recorded; 7) aging and decomposing: after the high-temperature aerobic fermentation is completed in 30-50 days of film covering fermentation, the film is removed, the materials are transported to a storage area by a forklift and are kept stand and stacked for 30-45 days, the compost is turned for 1-2 times, the compost is aged and decomposed, the finished product is organic matrix, can be directly applied to green land, can also be used as a raw material for developing organic fertilizer, and can be prepared into the organic fertilizer for farmland.
Example 4
A preparation method of an organic substrate, in particular to a method for collecting, processing and efficiently fermenting green plant wastes into the organic substrate on site, which comprises the following steps:
1. in-situ grinding process:
and (3) crushing garden waste collected around the green land, mainly trimmed branches and dead trees by using a conventional crusher to obtain particles with the particle size of less than 2cm for decomposing, fermenting and using.
2. And (3) composting fermentation process:
(1) design of compost field
A yard is built in or around the green land, and the composting site requires flat terrain and slightly high terrain, which is favorable for drainage and good ventilation.
The size of the area covered by the compost materials is designed according to the requirement, and is generally 6m multiplied by 20m, so that the compost fermentation area is properly higher than the specification size, namely, a brick field with the length of 21m-22m and the width of 6.5-6.8m is paved (the reference value is properly adjusted according to the field size). 3 ventilating duct grooves with the length of 18.5m, the width of 12cm and the depth of 12cm are arranged in the brick surface, and the distance between the ventilating duct grooves is 2 m. A schematic diagram of the foundation of a particular composting site is shown in figure 2. Wherein, the composting field comprises a fermentation area 1 and a covering area 2, and the fermentation area 1 for composting fermentation is higher than the covering area 2 for covering composting materials.
(2) Compost fermentation material preparation
The compost raw materials comprise main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials are crushed landscaping wastes, and the auxiliary materials can be selected from low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, nitrogen fertilizer, monosodium glutamate leftovers, bean dregs and the like.
(3) Building a fermentation area
As shown in fig. 3, a nano-membrane aerobic fermentation device (an existing nano-membrane system can be used, and details are not described here) is provided, that is, an empty ground with high and flat terrain and easy operation of a forklift is selected, an anti-seepage foundation layer 12 (a brick layer is adopted in the embodiment of the invention) meeting the operation of the forklift and the like is established, a ventilation pipe groove with three parallel lines is arranged at the upper part of the anti-seepage foundation layer 12, a ventilation pipe 9 is arranged in the ventilation pipe groove, and the pipe orifice of the ventilation pipe is lower than the upper surface of the anti-seepage foundation layer 12; the ventilation tube 9 is completely covered with crushed branches. The control mechanism of the nano-film aerobic fermentation device comprises the following components: the device consists of a temperature sensor 4, a humidity sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor 3, a high-pressure centrifugal fan 7 and a heater 8.
Wherein, the high-pressure centrifugal fan 7 is connected with one end of the heater 8 through a connecting pipeline, and the other end thereof is connected with the ventilation pipe 9 through an air outlet hose; the temperature sensor 4 is arranged at the air outlet of the heater 8; the fermentation material formed by mixing the rotten clinker and the decomposing agent is piled and placed in a covering area 2, aerobic fermentation is carried out by covering the fermentation material with a nano film 5, a percolate collecting tank 10 is arranged in the piled material, the bottom of the piled material is sealed by a nano film sealing layer 11, fermentation parameters are continuously monitored in real time through a temperature sensor 4, a humidity sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor 3 which are inserted into multiple points on the piled material and are fed back to a controller visual panel on a control cabinet 6 (refer to the prior art, and the detailed description is omitted), and the start and stop of the high-pressure centrifugal fan 7 are regulated and controlled through software recording, storage and analysis in the controller according to program setting.
(4) Heap construction operations
The fermentation material formed by mixing is stacked above the ventilation pipe 9 by a forklift, the width is generally 2-3 meters, the height is 0.8-1.0 meter, and the length is not limited to a trapezoid.
(5) Carbon to nitrogen ratio adjustment
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of green plant wastes is adjusted to 20:1-40:1 by adding nitrogen fertilizers (urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate) as auxiliary materials, namely the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the formed rotten clinker is 20:1-40:1, and the rotten clinker is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: crushed fresh branches: the green plant waste is formed by mixing rotten branches (water retention and water regulation) in a volume ratio of 5:10:1, 1kg of urea is added into 1 ton of green plant waste, or 2kg of ammonium sulfate is added into 1 ton of green plant waste, or 3kg of ammonium bicarbonate is added into 1 ton of green plant waste, or nitrogen fertilizer is dissolved in water and then is sprayed into the mixed material. Note that: the weeds can be directly composted and fermented and are uniformly added into the compost according to the weed quantity.
(6) Moisture content regulation
The water content of the green plant waste stack is adjusted to 50-60 wt% by adding dry and wet materials or adding water, if the water content of the branches is lower, the branches can be soaked in advance, or water or wet materials are added for adjustment.
(7) Screening organic material decomposing agent
The screened organic material decomposing inoculant mainly comprises various beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus niger and the like, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g, and the screened organic material decomposing inoculant is a powder (existing product). The addition amount is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the material, or 2-3m per weight31kg of organic material decomposing agent is added into the rotten clinker, and the adding amount of the organic material decomposing agent is 0.1 percent of the weight of the materials in the embodiment of the invention, namely 1kg of the organic material decomposing agent is used for 1 ton of green plant waste. The organic material decomposing agent is a microorganism living preparation compounded by various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and the like, so that the decomposition and the decomposition of various organic materials (including crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, household garbage, municipal sludge and the like) can be accelerated.
(8) Covered with suitable nano-film
Selecting a selective permeability polytetrafluoroethylene nano-film with the thickness of 30-40 μm and the moisture permeability of 8000-224hr), the micro-pore diameter is 55-200nm, the porosity is 70-90%, the nano-film is covered on the piled stacking strips, the nano-film has the functions of allowing substances smaller than the pore diameter of the film, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide and the like to permeate, trapping substances exceeding the pore diameter of the film, such as odor gas, pathogenic bacteria, dust and the like, in the film, and then sealing and fixing the nano-film on the anti-seepage base layer 12 by a sealing bag filled with sand and soil with uniform size.
In this example, the regulation of the fermentation process comprises: when the oxygen concentration of the pile body is lower than 10 vol%, the high-pressure centrifugal fan 7 is started, fresh air is sent to the fermentation pile body through the vent pipe 9, and when the oxygen concentration of the pile body is higher than 15 vol% and the fermentation pile body operates for more than 5min, or when the high-pressure centrifugal fan 7 operates for more than 10min, the high-pressure centrifugal fan 7 stops operating. In the aerobic fermentation process, the temperature of the pile is preferably 50-65 ℃, and when the temperature of the pile is higher than 75 ℃, the high-pressure centrifugal fan 7 is started to reduce the temperature.
Example 5
Compared with the embodiment 4, the method further comprises the step of aging and decomposing, specifically, after the film covering aerobic fermentation is carried out for 30 days, the film is removed, the high-temperature aerobic fermentation is completed, in order to further improve the decomposition effect, a forklift is adopted to convey the materials to an aging area, the materials are kept still and stacked for 45 days, the materials are turned and stacked for 2 times, the compost is aged and decomposed, the finished product is an organic substrate, the organic substrate can be directly applied to green land, and can also be used as a raw material for developing organic fertilizers, and the organic fertilizers can be prepared after blending and used for farmlands. The rest is the same as in example 4.
Example 6
Compared with the embodiment 4, the method further comprises the step of aging and decomposing, specifically, after the film covering aerobic fermentation is carried out for 50 days, the film is removed, the high-temperature aerobic fermentation is completed, in order to further improve the decomposition effect, a forklift is adopted to convey the materials to an aging area, the materials are kept still and stacked for 30 days, the compost is turned over for 1 time, the compost is aged and decomposed, the finished product is an organic substrate, the organic substrate can be directly applied to green land, and can also be used as a raw material for developing organic fertilizers, and the organic fertilizers can be prepared after blending and used for farmlands. The rest is the same as in example 4.
Example 7
Referring to the method of example 4, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of green plant waste is adjusted to 20:1-40:1 by adding nitrogen fertilizer (one of supplementary nitrogen selected from urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate) so as to form the decomposed material with the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20:1-40:1, and the formula to be adopted by the decomposed material is weed: crushed fresh branches: the green plant waste is formed by mixing rotten branches (water retention and water regulation) in a volume ratio of 5:10:1, 1kg of urea is added into 1 ton of green plant waste, or 2kg of ammonium sulfate is added into 1 ton of green plant waste, or 3kg of ammonium bicarbonate is added into 1 ton of green plant waste, or nitrogen fertilizer is dissolved in water and then is sprayed into the mixed material. Therefore, the main indexes of the clinker produced in this example are shown in table 1 below, wherein the ec (electrical conductivity) value indicates the concentration of soluble salts.
Table 1: main index of rotten clinker
Example 8
The same as example 4 except that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of green plant waste was adjusted to 20:1 by adding livestock and poultry manure as an auxiliary material, as compared with example 4.
Example 9
The same as example 4 except that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of green plant waste was adjusted to 30:1 by adding ammonium sulfate as an auxiliary material, as compared with example 4.
Example 10
The same as example 4 except that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of green-plant waste was adjusted to 40:1 by adding equal weight of livestock manure and nitrogen fertilizer as auxiliary materials as compared with example 4.
Example 11
The same as example 4, except that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of green plant waste was adjusted to 40:1 by adding equal weight of livestock and poultry manure, food processing waste and nitrogen fertilizer as auxiliary materials, was used.
Example 12
Compared with the example 4, the method is the same as the example 4 except that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the green plant waste is adjusted to 30:1 by adding the monosodium glutamate leftovers as auxiliary materials.
Example 13
Compared with example 4, the method is the same as example 4 except that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of green plant waste is adjusted to 30:1 by adding the bean dregs as auxiliary materials.
Example 14
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated, except that green plant waste was replaced with kitchen garbage, as compared with example 4.
Example 15
Compared with example 4, the method is the same as example 4 except that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the decomposed clinker is 25: 1.
Example 16
Compared with example 4, the method is the same as example 4 except that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the decomposed clinker is 30: 1.
Example 17
The same procedure as in example 4 was repeated, except that 1.1kg of the organic material decomposing agent was added to 1 ton of the decomposed material as compared with example 4.
Example 18
The same procedure as in example 4 was repeated, except that 2kg of the organic material decomposing agent was added to 1 ton of the decomposed material as compared with example 4.
Example 19
The same procedure as in example 4 was repeated, except that 3kg of the organic material decomposing agent was added to 1 ton of the decomposed material as compared with example 4.
Example 20
Compared to example 4, the difference is: the nanometer film is a selectively permeable polytetrafluoroethylene nanometer film with a thickness of 20 μm and a moisture permeability of 8000 g/(m)224hr), pore size was 55nm, porosity was 70%. The rest is the same as in example 4.
Example 21
Compared to example 4, the difference is: the nanometer film is a selectively permeable polytetrafluoroethylene nanometer film with a thickness of 30 μm and a moisture permeability of 9000 g/(m)224hr), pore size is 100nm, porosity is 80%. The rest is the same as in example 4.
Example 22
Compared to example 4, the difference is: the nanometer film is a selectively permeable polytetrafluoroethylene nanometer film with a thickness of 50 μm and a moisture permeability of 10000 g/(m)224hr), pore size was 200nm, and porosity was 90%. The rest is the same as in example 4.
Example 23
The procedure of example 5 was repeated, except that the oxygen concentration in the aerobic membrane-covered fermentation was 10 vol% and the fermentation temperature was 50 ℃.
Example 24
The procedure of example 5 was repeated, except that the oxygen concentration in the aerobic membrane-covered fermentation was 15 vol% and the fermentation temperature was 75 ℃.
Example 25
The procedure of example 5 was repeated, except that the oxygen concentration in the aerobic membrane-covered fermentation was 12 vol% and the fermentation temperature was 60 ℃.
Example 26
The procedure of example 5 was repeated, except that the oxygen concentration in the aerobic membrane-covered fermentation was 14 vol% and the fermentation temperature was 65 ℃.
Example 27
Preparing an organic substrate by referring to the method of example 5, setting 6 groups of parallel tests, and adding a selected organic material decomposing agent into garden waste by using the prepared organic substrate samples (the sample groups are respectively 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) through a nano-film aerobic fermentation device, wherein the aerobic microbial high-temperature fermentation is realized by regulating and controlling a forced ventilation process through an automatic control system under the condition that the garden waste to be treated is completely covered by the nano-film, so that organic solids in the garden waste are converted into relatively stable humus-like compost substances, namely treatment products with the organic matter content higher than 50%.
In the present example, the main nutrient components of the organic matrix sample obtained specifically are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 fermentation maturity as the main index of organic substrate (dry basis)
First, as can be seen from table 2 above, almost all the major nutrient indicators are higher than the GB/T31755-2015 standard, and the performance as an organic matrix is very good, except for a slightly higher water content, because the water content rapidly decreases to the desired level after the nanomembrane is opened, when the sample is taken without removing the membrane.
Secondly, the organic substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention meets the product standard of organic fertilizer: NY525-2012 (industry standard number of organic fertilizer promulgated by Ministry of agriculture), main index requirement: organic matter containingThe amount (calculated on a dry basis) is more than or equal to 45 percent; total nutrient (N + P)2O5+K2The content (calculated by dry basis) of O) is more than or equal to 5 percent. By comparison, the organic matrix prepared from the garden waste treated by the embodiment of the invention approaches or meets the standard of organic fertilizer products.
In conclusion, the organic substrate prepared by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by rapidly fermenting and decomposing green plant wastes into the organic substrate, and the method has the following advantages:
the organic substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention takes garden waste as a raw material, and after being crushed, the garden waste is rapidly fermented by using the nano fermentation membrane system on the spot, compared with the traditional composting fermentation technology, the organic substrate runs all year round, is intelligently controlled, has short fermentation period, is thoroughly decomposed, does not need to turn over piles, occupies less land, is low in investment, and has the running cost of 30-50 yuan/ton. The occupied area is only 140 square meters, the speed is high, the decomposition is finished in 30-50 days, the traditional time is 90-180 days, and millions of yuan of equipment cost is invested. The whole process of the invention is carried out in a closed state, little odor is discharged, the invention kills the eggs and the diseases of the pests, degrades the pesticide residue, and the finished product is a decomposed organic matrix which can be directly returned to the green land or the field to improve the soil. The fermented organic fertilizer is applied to the field, so that the fertility can be increased, the soil structure can be improved, the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil can be enhanced, the activity of flora can be activated, the quality of agricultural products and the food safety can be improved, and the garden waste can be reduced from the source, harmlessly utilized and recycled, so that huge economic environment and social benefit can be generated, and the application prospect is wide.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the embodiments of the present invention are still within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention as thus claimed.
Claims (10)
1. An organic matrix is characterized in that the organic matrix is prepared by performing film-covering aerobic fermentation on at least a decomposed material and a proper amount of decomposing agent as raw materials; the raw materials of the rotten clinker at least comprise organic garbage and auxiliary materials, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the auxiliary materials is not more than 40: 1.
2. The organic matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjuvant is selected from any one or more of livestock and poultry manure, nitrogen fertilizer, and food processing waste.
3. The organic matrix of claim 1, wherein the blending amount of the decomposing agent is 0.1 wt% to 0.3 wt% of the weight of the decomposing agent.
4. The organic substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the membrane-covered aerobic fermentation is carried out by covering a fermentation material formed by mixing at least a decomposed material and a decomposing agent with a nano-membrane.
5. The organic matrix as claimed in claim 4, wherein the moisture permeability of the nano-film is 8000-224hr), pore size is 55-200nm, porosity is 70-90%.
6. A process for the preparation of an organic matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: weighing organic garbage according to a proportion, mixing the organic garbage with auxiliary materials to form rotten clinker, and then adding a proper amount of rotten agent to carry out film-covering aerobic fermentation to obtain the organic matrix.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the decomposed material is 20:1 to 40: 1.
8. The method for producing an organic substrate according to claim 6, wherein the oxygen concentration in the aerobic fermentation of the coated film is 10 to 15 vol%, and the fermentation temperature is 50 to 75 ℃.
9. The method of claim 6, further comprising aging the organic substrate.
10. Use of an organic substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for landscaping and/or fertilizer processing and/or soil remediation.
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