CN112851443A - Preparation method of soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure - Google Patents

Preparation method of soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112851443A
CN112851443A CN202110233092.8A CN202110233092A CN112851443A CN 112851443 A CN112851443 A CN 112851443A CN 202110233092 A CN202110233092 A CN 202110233092A CN 112851443 A CN112851443 A CN 112851443A
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livestock
soil conditioner
parts
soil
product
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陈煜�
代克岩
韩莹霞
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Misho Ecology & Landscape Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fertilizer processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure, which comprises the following steps of adding dried crushed and screened green waste, crushed livestock and poultry manure, aerobic fermentation biological bacteria, starch and water, and fully mixing; conveying the uniformly mixed materials to a fermentation field for aerobic fermentation; fermenting, drying in the sun, and performing secondary fine powder; taking 50-100 parts of secondary fine powder product, 1-3 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-2 parts of potassium chloride and 4-10 parts of water-retaining agent by weight parts, and fully and uniformly mixing by using mixing equipment to obtain the soil conditioner. The invention promotes the composting process by adding the exogenous additive, improves the quality of the compost product, converts the compost product into a soil conditioner product to be applied to the field of soil improvement, and finally forms a circular economy closed loop; the mode has low one-time investment and low requirements on production conditions; the product has obvious effects on improving the soil structure and improving the water and fertilizer holding capacity of the soil.

Description

Preparation method of soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizer processing, relates to a method for preparing a soil conditioner from organic solid wastes, and particularly relates to a method for preparing the soil conditioner based on garden green wastes and livestock and poultry manure.
Background
With the increasing urbanization process, the urban green land area (municipal greening, housing greening, road greening and the like) is continuously increased, and the quantity of garden green waste (branches, leaves, residual flowers, grass clippings and the like) generated every year is more and more. For a long time, the garden green wastes are often regarded as solid wastes, and the common disposal mode is landfill or incineration, which not only increases the cost of the government for garbage disposal, wastes valuable land resources and pollutes the environment, but also causes the waste of the garden wastes, namely biomass energy. In fact, the garden waste contains a certain amount of beneficial nutrient elements and a large amount of organic substances, and the resource recycling of the garden waste as a recycling resource which can participate in production becomes a necessary trend of social development.
However, the quantity of branches and trunks in the garden green waste is large, which determines that the garden green waste contains a large amount of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, the substances are difficult to degrade in a natural state, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is unbalanced (the carbon content is high), and the direct application of the substances into soil can cause the loss of nitrogen in the soil, and finally the plant growth is not facilitated. In addition, in the field of livestock and poultry breeding, a large amount of organic solid wastes with another property can be generated, a large amount of excrement generated in the breeding process brings great influence on the environment, the nitrogen content in the excrement is high, the porosity of the excrement is poor, germs and insect eggs can be removed when the excrement is directly applied to soil, the soil structure is not improved easily, and the phenomenon of 'seedling burning' is easily formed.
Therefore, it is particularly necessary to research a preparation method of the soil conditioner based on two types of wastes, and finally form a soil conditioner product suitable for being applied to hardened soil, barren soil and desertification soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure, can overcome the defect that the garden green waste and the livestock and poultry manure cannot be simply treated and utilized, jointly treats the garden green waste and the livestock and poultry manure by a specific method, and prepares a soil conditioner product with an improvement effect on green land by matching with an exogenous blending substance, so that the pollution of wastes to the environment and the economic cost for treating the wastes are reduced on one hand; on the other hand, the waste resources are reasonably utilized and converted into the soil conditioner, after the soil conditioner is used, the physical and chemical properties of the soil for greening can be improved, the land production capacity is improved, and the adverse effect of using a large amount of chemical fertilizers on the land is reduced.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps,
s1: the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing a mixed material of garden green wastes by a crusher for the first time, screening the crushed product, collecting small-particle-size green waste materials meeting the particle size requirement for later use, and crushing and screening the large-particle-size green wastes for the second time until the particle size requirement is met;
s2: drying the livestock and poultry manure by using dehydration drying equipment, and crushing the dried livestock and poultry manure by using crushing and screening equipment to form a granular product for later use;
s3: adding the granular product obtained in the step S2, aerobic fermentation biological bacteria, starch and water into the small-particle-size green waste material obtained in the step S1, and fully and uniformly mixing;
s4: conveying the uniformly mixed materials to a fermentation field, stacking, and carrying out aerobic fermentation after film covering;
s5: conveying the statically stacked and fermented materials out of a composting field, drying in the sun, and performing secondary fine powder to obtain a product serving as a soil conditioner raw material;
s6: taking 50-100 parts of the soil conditioner raw material obtained in the step S5, 1-3 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-2 parts of potassium chloride and 4-10 parts of water-retaining agent by weight parts, and fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials by using mixing equipment to obtain the soil conditioner.
Further, the crusher in the step S1 adopts a roller hammer milling process, the length of the primary material after primary crushing is not more than 5cm, the diameter of the primary material is not more than 2cm, and the length of the screened waste with small particle size is 1-2cm, and the diameter of the screened waste is 0.5-1 cm.
Further, the dehydration drying equipment in the step S2 is a belt filter-press dehydrator, the water content of the livestock manure after filter-pressing is controlled below 20%, and the particle size of the crushed granular manure product is less than 0.5 cm.
Further, the total porosity of the material mixed in the step S3 is 30% to 40%.
Further, in the step S3, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material is 30-35, the water content is 60-65%, and the mass ratio of the aerobic fermentation biological bacteria to the fermentation material is 0.2-0.3%.
Further, the aerobic fermentation biological bacteria in step S3 mainly include lignin and cellulose-degrading bacteria, including pseudomonas, bacillus, cellulophaga, thermoactinomyces, aspergillus, white rot fungi and brown rot fungi.
Furthermore, in the aerobic fermentation process of the step S4, a polymer film covering fermentation technology and an auxiliary oxygen filling pump ventilation device are used, the accumulated days of the temperature of the stack body kept at 60-65 ℃ are not less than 25 days, and the total stacking time is not less than 45 days.
Further, the water content of the material dried in the step S5 is below 20%, the secondary fine powder is processed by an ultrafine grinder, and the final discharged particle size is 0-5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) from the perspective of ecological resources, the method for removing organic solid wastes in the past is changed, the organic solid wastes are recycled by certain physical, chemical and biological treatment means, the composting process is promoted by adding an exogenous additive, the quality of a compost product is improved, the compost product is converted into a soil conditioner product to be applied to the field of soil improvement, and finally a circular economy closed loop is formed;
(2) in the process of preparing the soil conditioner, the one-time investment is not high, the requirement on production conditions is low, the disposal mode can be widely popularized in the industries of urban green land maintenance, livestock and poultry breeding and the like, and the soil conditioner product can be widely applied to the aspects of agriculture and forestry land, landscaping land, barren land and the like;
(3) the soil conditioner prepared based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure has more remarkable effects in reducing soil volume weight, improving water stability aggregate content in soil, improving soil structure and improving water and fertilizer holding capacity of soil in comparison with the using effect of market conditioner products.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps,
s1: crushing the garden green waste mixed material by a crusher by a compression roller hammer milling process, wherein the length of the primary material after primary crushing is not more than 5cm, the diameter of the primary material after primary crushing is not more than 2cm, and screening the crushed product; the length of the screened small-particle-size waste is 1-2cm, the diameter of the screened small-particle-size waste is 0.5-1cm, the small-particle-size green waste meeting the particle size requirement is collected for later use, and the screened large-particle-size green waste is subjected to secondary crushing and screening until the particle size requirement is met;
s2: drying the livestock and poultry manure by using dehydration drying equipment until the water content is below 20%, wherein the dehydration drying equipment can adopt a belt type filter-pressing dehydrator, and crushing the dried livestock and poultry manure by using crushing and screening equipment to form a granular product with the particle size of less than 0.5cm for later use;
s3: according to the real-time water content and carbon-nitrogen ratio of the small-particle-size green waste material obtained in the S1, adding granular livestock and poultry manure, aerobic fermentation biological bacteria, starch and water in proportion, and fully mixing the materials by using a spiral stirring device to ensure that the final carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material is controlled to be 30-35, the water content is controlled to be 60-65%, the mass ratio of the aerobic fermentation biological bacteria to the fermented material is 0.2-0.3%, and the total porosity reaches 30-40%, so as to ensure that oxygen can smoothly enter, wherein the aerobic fermentation biological bacteria mainly comprise lignin and cellulose degrading bacteria, including pseudomonas, bacillus, cellulophaga, high-temperature actinomyces, aspergillus, white rot fungi, brown rot fungi and the like;
s4: the uniformly mixed materials are transported to a fermentation field for polymer film covering fermentation, and specifically can be piled into a long stack shape, and the polymer film is used for sealing and covering, so that N element loss and harmful gas diffusion under a high temperature state are prevented; the oxygen pump is used for regularly oxygenating the bulk materials, so that the oxygen requirement for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms in the aerobic fermentation process is ensured; compared with the traditional technology, the composting temperature is longer in high-temperature period and higher in temperature, and the accumulated days for maintaining the temperature of a compost body at 60-65 ℃ are not less than 25 days by assisting an aeration pump air interchanger, and the total stacking time is not less than 45 days;
s5: after static stacking fermentation treatment of 'biological + molecular membranes' in a complete period, conveying the materials subjected to the static stacking fermentation treatment out of a composting field, drying in the sun, and then carrying out secondary fine powder, wherein the water content of the dried materials is controlled to be below 20%, the secondary fine powder adopts an ultrafine grinder, and the materials fall under the dead weight of the materials for multiple times of composite grinding and scouring grinding, so that the particle size of the final discharged materials can be controlled to be 0-5 mm; the obtained product is used as a soil conditioner raw material;
s6: taking 50-100 parts of the soil conditioner raw material obtained in the step S5, 1-3 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-2 parts of potassium chloride and 4-10 parts of water-retaining agent by weight parts, and fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials by using mixing equipment to obtain the soil conditioner. During specific operation, the soil conditioner is prepared according to the specified range of each index of the soil in the planting soil standard, and the optimal preparation ratio range based on the different materials is finally determined according to the planting comparison of garden plants and the change condition of the physical and chemical indexes of the soil after use in different preparation ratios;
example one
Collecting landscaping wastes comprising 3000kg of thick branches and 1000kg of branch and leaf trimmings, crushing by a hammer mill crusher, screening by an automatic screening machine with a screen mesh of 2cm in particle size, reserving the obtained small-particle-size green waste materials, and secondarily crushing the large-particle-size green waste materials until the particle size meets the requirement;
collecting 12 tons of wet pig manure and 3 tons of wet chicken manure, drying and dehydrating by a belt type filter pressing dehydrator, controlling the water content to be 15-20%, crushing and sieving to obtain granular manure materials, and controlling the grain size to be 0.3-0.5 cm;
conveying landscaping wastes and livestock and poultry manure to a spiral stirring device for stirring, adding 21kg of aerobic fermentation biological bacteria and 40kg of corn starch in the process, fully and uniformly mixing the materials, adding a certain amount of water, controlling the water content of the final material to be 65%, and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 35;
transporting the blended materials to a flat site, stacking into long-strip stacks, covering with a polymer fermentation membrane, and preparing an oxygen-charging ventilation device, wherein the whole fermentation period is 48 days, and the accumulated days of the core temperature of the stack body at 60-63 ℃ is 28 days; after the fermentation period is finished, fine powder screening is carried out on the compost materials, and the final particle size is controlled to be 0-3 mm;
taking 50 parts of the fine-powder compost material, 1 part of urea, 1 part of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1 part of potassium chloride and 4 parts of water-retaining agent by weight parts, and fully and uniformly mixing the materials by using mixing equipment to obtain a soil conditioner, wherein the indexes are detected as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the homemade soil conditioner
Figure BDA0002959424500000041
The soil conditioner is applied to forest land soil for improvement, after 6 months, various physical and chemical indexes of the soil are detected, and the detection results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 variation of physical and chemical indexes of soil after applying soil conditioner
Figure BDA0002959424500000042
As can be seen from Table 2:
the soil conditioner prepared based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure can obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of soil after being applied to soil for forestry for 6 months, and comprises the following steps of reducing the volume weight of the soil, increasing the organic matters of the soil, improving the fertility preservation of the soil and improving the content of the quick-acting nutrients in the soil;
example 2
Collecting landscaping wastes comprising 1500kg of thick branches and leaves, 500kg of residual flowers and grass clippings, crushing by a hammer mill crusher, screening by an automatic screening machine with a screen mesh of 2cm in particle size, reserving the obtained small-particle-size green waste materials, and secondarily crushing the large-particle-size green waste materials until the particle size meets the requirement;
collecting 6 tons of wet pig manure and 1.5 tons of wet chicken manure, drying and dehydrating by a belt type filter-press dehydrator, controlling the water content to be 15-18%, and then crushing and sieving to obtain granular manure materials, wherein the grain size is controlled to be 0.2-0.4 cm;
conveying landscaping wastes and livestock and poultry manure to a spiral stirring device for stirring, adding 11kg of aerobic fermentation biological bacteria and 22kg of corn starch in the process, fully and uniformly mixing the materials, adding a certain amount of water, controlling the water content of the final material to be 60% and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 30;
transporting the blended materials to a flat site, stacking into a long-strip stack shape, covering with a polymer fermentation membrane, and preparing an oxygen-charging ventilation device, wherein the whole fermentation period is 45 days, and the accumulated days of the core temperature of the stack body at 63-65 ℃ is 25 days; after the fermentation period is finished, fine powder screening is carried out on the compost materials, and the final particle size is controlled to be 0-2 mm;
taking 80 parts of the fine-powder compost material, 1.5 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 parts of potassium chloride and 5 parts of water-retaining agent by weight parts, and fully and uniformly mixing by using mixing equipment to obtain a soil conditioner, wherein the indexes are detected as shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 physicochemical Properties of the homemade soil conditioner
Figure BDA0002959424500000051
The soil conditioner is applied to sandy soil barren soil for improvement, each physical and chemical index of the soil is detected after 8 months, and the detection result is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 variation of physical and chemical indexes of soil after applying soil conditioner
Figure BDA0002959424500000052
As can be seen from Table 4:
the soil conditioner prepared based on garden green wastes and livestock and poultry manure can obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of soil after being applied to sandy poor soil for 8 months, and comprises the steps of reducing the volume weight of the soil, increasing the organic matters of the soil, improving the fertility preservation of the soil and improving the content of the effective nutrients in the soil.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1: the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing a mixed material of garden green wastes by a crusher for the first time, screening the crushed product, collecting small-particle-size green waste materials meeting the particle size requirement for later use, and crushing and screening the large-particle-size green wastes for the second time until the particle size requirement is met;
s2: drying the livestock and poultry manure by using dehydration drying equipment, and crushing the dried livestock and poultry manure by using crushing and screening equipment to form a granular product for later use;
s3: adding the granular product obtained in the step S2, aerobic fermentation biological bacteria, starch and water into the small-particle-size green waste material obtained in the step S1, and fully and uniformly mixing;
s4: conveying the uniformly mixed materials to a fermentation field, stacking, and carrying out aerobic fermentation after film covering;
s5: conveying the statically stacked and fermented materials out of a composting field, drying in the sun, and performing secondary fine powder to obtain a product serving as a soil conditioner raw material;
s6: taking 50-100 parts of the soil conditioner raw material obtained in the step S5, 1-3 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-2 parts of potassium chloride and 4-10 parts of water-retaining agent by weight parts, and fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials by using mixing equipment to obtain the soil conditioner.
2. The method of preparing a soil conditioner based on garden green wastes and livestock and poultry excrements as claimed in claim 1, wherein said crusher of step S1 employs a roller hammer mill process, the length of the primary material after primary crushing is not more than 5cm, the diameter is not more than 2cm, the length of the small particle size waste after screening is 1-2cm, and the diameter is 0.5-1 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dewatering and drying apparatus of step S2 is a belt filter press dehydrator, the water content of the livestock and poultry manure after filter pressing is controlled to be less than 20%, and the particle size of the crushed granular manure product is less than 0.5 cm.
4. The method of preparing a soil conditioner based on garden green wastes and livestock and poultry excrements as set forth in claim 1, wherein the total porosity of the mixed materials in the step S3 is 30% -40%.
5. The method of preparing a soil conditioner based on garden green wastes and livestock and poultry excrements as claimed in claim 1, wherein said carbon nitrogen ratio of the mixed material in step S3 is 30-35, the water content is 60% -65%, and the mass ratio of aerobic fermentation bio-bacteria to fermented material is 0.2% -0.3%.
6. The method of preparing a soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said aerobic fermentation bio-bacteria of step S3 are mainly lignin and cellulose-degrading bacteria, including pseudomonas, bacillus, cellulophaga, thermoactinomyces, aspergillus, white rot fungus and brown rot fungus.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the aerobic fermentation process of the step S4, a polymer film covered fermentation technique and an auxiliary aeration pump ventilation equipment are used, the temperature of the pile is maintained at 60-65 ℃ for not less than 25 days, and the total stacking time is not less than 45 days.
8. The method of preparing a soil conditioner based on garden green wastes and livestock and poultry excrements as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the sun-dried material in the step S5 is below 20%, the secondary fine powder is processed by a super fine pulverizer, and the final discharged particle size is 0-5 mm.
CN202110233092.8A 2021-03-03 2021-03-03 Preparation method of soil conditioner based on garden green waste and livestock and poultry manure Pending CN112851443A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN113603553A (en) * 2021-07-16 2021-11-05 中铁十六局集团置业投资有限公司 Organic matrix, preparation method and application
CN114538999A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-05-27 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 Organic fertilizer prepared from wastes of gardens and livestock and application of organic fertilizer in soil

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CN108753306A (en) * 2018-04-12 2018-11-06 华南理工大学 A kind of soil conditioner and preparation method thereof
CN111233549A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-06-05 无锡木趣科技有限公司 Recycling treatment method suitable for landscaping organic solid waste
CN111410569A (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-07-14 江苏食品药品职业技术学院 Biological composting method for garden waste

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102775206A (en) * 2012-06-19 2012-11-14 上海市园林科学研究所 Method for preparing improved matrix capable of improving urban soil properties
CN108753306A (en) * 2018-04-12 2018-11-06 华南理工大学 A kind of soil conditioner and preparation method thereof
CN111233549A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-06-05 无锡木趣科技有限公司 Recycling treatment method suitable for landscaping organic solid waste
CN111410569A (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-07-14 江苏食品药品职业技术学院 Biological composting method for garden waste

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113603553A (en) * 2021-07-16 2021-11-05 中铁十六局集团置业投资有限公司 Organic matrix, preparation method and application
CN114538999A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-05-27 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 Organic fertilizer prepared from wastes of gardens and livestock and application of organic fertilizer in soil

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Application publication date: 20210528