CN1594225A - Series special fertilizer prepared by urban sludge and its preparation method - Google Patents
Series special fertilizer prepared by urban sludge and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1594225A CN1594225A CNA2004100436375A CN200410043637A CN1594225A CN 1594225 A CN1594225 A CN 1594225A CN A2004100436375 A CNA2004100436375 A CN A2004100436375A CN 200410043637 A CN200410043637 A CN 200410043637A CN 1594225 A CN1594225 A CN 1594225A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a series special fertilizers prepared by urban sludge and its preparation method which comprises the steps of, (1) preliminary treatment, (2) water elimination and drying, (3) fermenting, (4) drying and disintegrating, (5) mixing and proportioning, (6) squeezing and granulating.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the processing of municipal sludge and the preparation method of bio-feritlizer, particularly be to utilize municipal sludge to produce series special fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology:
Municipal sludge is after handle to discharge the urban sewage purification, the mud that in treatment tank, stays, and medium-sized city only, the sewage work that builds 100,000 tons of day outputs can produce number every year with ten thousand tons mud.This mud that produces by sewage work, water content is big, generally all at 80-96%, is colloidal, and viscosity is big and smell is stench unpleasant; Contain elements such as a certain amount of organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in its main component, but also contain a certain amount of harmful assorted bacterium, as intestinal bacteria and roundworm egg and heavy metal etc.So pile up like a mountain for a large amount of mud, distributing foul smell, causes second environmental pollution.Therefore municipal sludge is developed and utilized, solve second environmental pollution, become a sewage work and even various countries' municipal administration difficult problem that face, that press for solution.
At present, generally be to adopt following several modes with regard to municipal sludge processing aspect: 1, bury or pour into marine, this method land occupation, the eubiosis is destroyed in polluted underground water source or marine site; 2, make fertilizer after the wet mud drying, because the mud viscosity is big, the crushed after being dried difficulty, after using, fertilizer efficiency is undesirable; 3, composting after the sludge fermentation slaking comparatively speaking, is a kind of method preferably, but fermentation time is long, the product poorly water-soluble, and fertilizer efficiency is not high, and nutrition is unbalanced.
The relevant municipal sludge composting material aspect that utilizes sees that also some reports are arranged, as application number be: 94105972 and application number be: 00132414.4 patent application, wherein: 94105972 patent application is to adopt municipal sludge to mix with ight soil to produce granular organic fertilizer, 00132414.4 patent application disclosed a kind of " utilizing municipal sludge to produce the method for biological organic composite fertilizer ", be that to be the dewatered sludge of 75-85% and water ratio with water ratio be 1: 2 by volume or be the dewatered sludge of 75-85% and water ratio less than the recycled sludge compost of the 10-40% mixed of ratio 1: 2-3 by volume with water ratio less than 15% dewatered sludge, make it become the mixed fertilizer that water ratio is 50-65%.Difference in the above-mentioned application is to form at material, and its preparation all is to adopt technologies such as slaking, dehydration, pulverizing, batching, granulation, oven dry, screening, packing.The number of patent application of related microorganism fertilizer is 94118231.2, name is called " a kind of production method of bio-feritlizer and the microorganism of use thereof ", application number is 00117587.4, name is called " Biofertiliser composition and application thereof ", application number is 97118994.3, name is called " a kind of agricultural biological fertilizer and method for making thereof ", application number is 00131249.9, name is called " natural all-element organic fertilizer that is used for melon and fruit " etc., its technical scheme of putting down in writing is had nothing in common with each other, its advantage is separately arranged, but also exist the deficiency on the net effect.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of municipal sludge that utilizes to produce series special fertilizer and preparation method thereof at the problems referred to above, be to be basic raw material with the municipal sludge, adopt biochemical method, remove the fishy odor of mud, after the low temperature precipitation drying, through the beneficial microorganism fermentative processing, when assorted bacterium of kill harmful and roundworm egg, introduce beneficial microbe colony, and according to the characteristics of the required Different Nutrient Elements of various crop growths, equilibrium constant, middle amount and micronutrient element are equipped with an amount of subsidiary material, be squeezed into particle shape, produce a kind of rice of supplying water, corn, series special fertilizer material such as soybean and various gourd, fruit and vegetable and forest flower.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme: the technological process of utilizing municipal sludge to produce the series special fertilizer preparation method is: a pre-treatment, b dehydrate, c ferments, d drying and crushing, e mix, f extruder grain, wherein:
A, pre-treatment are the methods that adopts chemical deodorizing, specifically are to be the ferrous sulfate (FeSO of adding sludge quantity 0.5-1.0% (weight percentage) in the 80% above mud in water content
4.7H
2O) and the sal epsom (MgSO of 0.1-0.3% (weight percentage)
4), placed behind the mixing 1-2 hour, become no stink mud and be transported to and dehydrate the place; Removing stink mainly is based on ferrous sulfate, and sal epsom booster action therein is to guarantee that the ferrous iron in the ferrous sulfate does not become ferric iron, strengthens deodorizing effect, increases moderate-element for mud simultaneously.
B, to dehydrate be that deodorizing mud is transported to dry place, and adopting the method for low temperature or seasoning to make water content is that the deodorizing mud of 40-50% is stand-by;
C, fermentation are the methods that adopts biological fermentation, deodorizing mud, rice bran (also can use rice and flour or straw powder), sugar or the starch, the ferment bacterial classification that with water content are 40-50% are by the formula rate mixing of weighing, after stirring, under 55-70 ℃ of temperature, carry out biological fermentation and make fermented sludge; Its effect is to kill to introduce beneficial microorganism ferment flora in various harmful bacterium and the worm's ovum in the biological fermentation treating processes.The prescription of fermentation materials (parts by weight meter) composed as follows:
200 parts in deodorizing mud (water content is 40-50%)
Rice bran 10-12 part
Sugar or starch 0.5-1.5 part
Ferment bacterial classification 0.5-1.5 part
Rice bran in the prescription is meant the chaff that corn, Chinese sorghum, millet, paddy and wheat make, the face or the straw powder that also can use above-mentioned crop to make.
D, drying and crushing be with fermented sludge after low temperature or seasoning to water content are about 20%, being crushed to granularity is below 3.5 millimeters, it is standby to be packed in bag.
E, mix are to add nitrogen phosphorus potassium and subsidiary material in fermented sludge, make in the series of biologic fertilizer that makes through batching nutritive ingredient abundant, balanced, have the effect of loosening the soil, protect fertilizer, water conservation; The composition content of mix is by weight percentage:
Fermented sludge 45-70%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium 10-30%, subsidiary material: 10-25%.
Wherein: fermented sludge is that water content is 18-25%, and granularity is no more than 3.5 millimeters meal; Nitrogen phosphorus potassium is a certain proportion of mixture, and nitrogen wherein is meant urea or sulphur ammonium, is 20-50% in mixture; Phosphorus is meant ammonium phosphate (diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate) or calcium phosphate, is 20-40% in mixture; Potassium is meant vitriolate of tartar or Repone K, is 20-40% in mixture; Subsidiary material are mixtures of humic acids, wilkinite, rice bran, and its blending ratio is: humic acids 20-50%, wilkinite 20-40%, rice bran 20-40%;
F, extruder grain: be mixed into series special fertilizer according to above-mentioned prescription,, and be squeezed into the particle of different diameter and length according to the market requirement with ring mode or flat-die type powdered tablets press extruder grain.The particle that is extruded into, by the packing bag of various different dedicated fertilizers, metering, quality inspection, packing warehouse-in.
The present invention also can add other element with the form of compound according to the demand of farm crop when mix, as selenium, molybdenum etc.
The series special fertilizer that municipal sludge is made, principal item has rice nursery sock growing seedling strengthen fertilizer, paddy rice, corn, dedicated fertilizer for soybean, watermelon, muskmelon and special-purpose fertilizer for green cucumber, tomato, capsicum, the special-purpose fertilizer of eggplant, leek, garlic, broccoli, rape, romaine lettuce, the special-purpose fertilizer of strawberry and Hu Luobu, simple-minded person and " flower treasure " series special fertilizer and general fertilizer; Also can be according to the market requirement, processing herbage, lawn and forest, fruit tree etc. are special-purpose fertile.
Distinguishing feature that the present invention has and positively effect:
1, municipal sludge is made serial fertilizer through deodorizing, biological fermentation harmless treatment, municipal sludge is utilized effectively, turns waste into wealth, promptly solved the city secondary pollution problem, provide environmental protection, harmless again, the new series fertilizer of nutrition, efficient, full price;
2, because municipal sludge is to handle through biological fermentation, and introducing beneficial microbe colony, contain abundant humic acids, Mierocrystalline cellulose in the serial fertilizer that makes, a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, and contain middle micro-nutritive elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur and iron, it integrates fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer, have long-acting, quick-acting and the synergic effect, can be three fertile unifications, the triple effect unification is suitable for developing eco-agriculture;
3, the serial fertilizer that makes loosens the soil, protects fertilizer, water conservation because of wherein containing beneficial microorganism and humic acids, organic matter, can improve the soil, increase fertility of land, and strengthens the resistance of farm crop; Soil accumulated temperature is obviously improved, improve ground temperature, promote precocity; Can increase the content of the VITAMIN and the pol of gourd, fruit and vegetable, improve the quality of kind of plant;
4, the serial fertilizer that makes is particulate state, can be used as base manure, also can be used as and topdresses, and is not subjected to the influence of soil property and farm crop kind, is widely used, easy to use, economic security.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1: according to technological process shown in Figure 1
A, elder generation make chemical deodorizing to mud and handle, and the exit is carried in mud extraction between the desliming of sewage work, adds the ferrous sulfate (FeSO of sludge quantity 0.5%
4.7H2o) and 0.1% sal epsom (MgSO
4), stir after mixing, to place 1-2 hour, the mud that will not have stink then is transported to dry place and carries out the precipitation drying.
B, dehydrate: drying bed is selected plastic greenhouse for use, in booth deodorizing mud is spread out into 15cm thickness, the undulate shape, and after normal temperature seasoning to water content was 40-50%, it was stand-by to become deodorizing mud;
C, biological fermentation: stir after deodorizing mud 1000kg (200 parts), rice chaff 50kg (10 parts), wheat bran 10kg (2 parts), brown sugar 5kg (1 part) and ferment bacterial classification (commercially available) 5kg (1 part) that takes by weighing water content and be 40-50% mixes, on concrete floor, spread out into 1.2 meters wide, 0.8 the rectangular chevron that rice is high, cover with gunnysack or straw screen or mat, thermometer is inserted at middle and two ends, when rising to 50 ℃, temperature begins turning, stir every day once, temperature is at 55-70 ℃, after stirring 4-5 time, spread out and give drying.This process has promptly been killed various harmful bacterium and the worm's ovum in the fermented sludge, introduces beneficial microorganism ferment flora again.Mud after the fermentation is 20% through seasoning to water content, and being crushed to granularity is below 3.5 millimeters, and it is standby to be packed in bag;
D, drying and crushing: drying and crushing be with fermented sludge after low temperature or seasoning to water content are about 20%, being crushed to granularity is below 3.5 millimeters, it is standby to be packed in bag.
E, mix:
Take by weighing urea 40kg, monoammonium phosphate 30kg, vitriolate of tartar 30kg and make that to mix vitriolate of tartar standby;
The subsidiary material that taking by weighing stirs after humic acids 40kg, wilkinite 30kg, rice bran 30kg mix makes are standby;
Take by weighing powdery fermented sludge 60kg, add after nitrogen phosphorus potassium 20kg, the subsidiary material 20kg mixing and stirring standby.
F, extruder grain: the nutritive element required according to crop is made into dedicated fertilizer, with ring mode tablets press extruder grain; be squeezed into the particle of different diameter and length according to the market requirement; process is cooled to normal temperature, and after the appropriate drying, pack, metering, quality inspection, packing warehouse-in.
The fertilizer that makes is as paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer
Embodiment 2, according to technological process shown in Figure 1
A, chemical deodorizing: the exit is carried in mud extraction between the desliming of sewage work, adds the ferrous sulfate (FeSO of sludge quantity 1.0%
4.7H2o) and 0.3% sal epsom (MgSO
4), stirring after mixing, other is with embodiment 1;
B, dehydrate: with embodiment 1;
C, biological fermentation: with water content is the deodorizing mud 1000kg of 40-50%, and adding 60kg (12 parts of straw powder, 6.5kg (1.3 parts) white sugar and 7.5kg (1.5 parts) ferment bacterial classifications (commercially available) are after stirring, with embodiment 1;
D, drying and crushing: with embodiment 1;
E, mix: take by weighing urea 50kg, monoammonium phosphate 20kg, vitriolate of tartar 20kg and make that to mix vitriolate of tartar standby;
The subsidiary material that taking by weighing stirs after humic acids 45kg, wilkinite 20kg, rice bran 35kg mix makes are standby;
Take by weighing powdery fermented sludge 45kg, add after nitrogen phosphorus potassium 35kg, the subsidiary material 20kg mixing and stirring standby;
F, extruder grain: above-mentioned batching is squeezed into particle with flat-die type powdered tablets press, and other is with embodiment 1.
It is special-purpose fertile that the fertilizer that makes is used for gourd, fruit and vegetable.
Embodiment 3, according to technological process shown in Figure 1
A, chemical deodorizing: the exit is carried in mud extraction between the desliming of sewage work, adds the ferrous sulfate (FeSO of sludge quantity 0.5%
4.7H2o) and 0.2% sal epsom (MgSO
4), stirring after mixing, other is with embodiment 1;
B, dehydrate: with embodiment 1;
C, biological fermentation: with water content is the deodorizing mud 1000kg of 40-50%, adds 55kg (11 parts) Semen Maydis powder, and 7.5kg (1.5 parts) starch and 7.5kg (1.5 parts) ferment bacterial classifications (commercially available) stir, and other is with embodiment 1;
D, drying and crushing: with embodiment 1;
E, mix: take by weighing urea 35kg, monoammonium phosphate 35kg, vitriolate of tartar 30kg and make that to mix vitriolate of tartar standby;
The subsidiary material that taking by weighing stirs after humic acids 35kg, wilkinite 25kg, rice bran 40kg mix makes are standby;
Take by weighing powdery fermented sludge 55kg, add after nitrogen phosphorus potassium 30kg, the subsidiary material 15kg mixing and stirring standby;
F, extruder grain: above-mentioned batching is squeezed into particle with flat-die type powdered tablets press, and other is with embodiment 1.
The fertilizer that makes is as floral special-purpose fertilizer.
Embodiment 4
A, chemical deodorizing: the exit is carried in mud extraction between the desliming of sewage work, adds the ferrous sulfate (FeSO of sludge quantity 0.5%
4.7H2o) and 0.3 sal epsom (MgSO
4), stirring after mixing, other is with embodiment 1;
B, dehydrate: with embodiment 1;
C, biological fermentation: with water content is the deodorizing mud 1000kg of 40-50%, adds 60kg (12 parts) wheat bran, and 7.5kg (1.5 parts) starch and 7.5kg (1.5 parts) ferment bacterial classifications (commercially available) stir, and other is with embodiment 1;
D, drying and crushing: with embodiment 1;
E, mix: take by weighing urea 40kg, monoammonium phosphate 30kg, vitriolate of tartar 30kg and make that to mix vitriolate of tartar standby;
The subsidiary material that taking by weighing stirs after humic acids 40kg, wilkinite 30kg, rice bran 30kg mix makes are standby;
Take by weighing powdery fermented sludge 60kg, add after nitrogen phosphorus potassium 20kg, the subsidiary material 20kg mixing and stirring standby;
F, extruder grain: above-mentioned batching is squeezed into particle with the ring mode tablets press, and other is with embodiment 1.
The fertilizer that makes is as general fertilizer.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of preparation method who utilizes municipal sludge to produce series special fertilizer, its preparation process is: a pre-treatment, b dehydrate, c ferments, d drying and crushing, e mix, f extruder grain, it is characterized in that:
Among this preparation method:
A, pre-treatment are to adopt the chemical deodorizing method, specifically are to be the ferrous sulfate (FeSO of adding sludge quantity 0.5-1.0% (weight percentage) in the 80% above mud in water content
4.7H
2O) and the sal epsom (MgSO of 0.1-0.3% (weight percentage)
4), placed 1-2 hour behind the mixing, become no stink mud and be transported to dry place;
B, to dehydrate be that deodorizing mud is transported to dry place, and adopting the method for low temperature or seasoning to dehydrate into water content is that the deodorizing mud of 40-50% is stand-by;
C, fermentation are the methods that adopts biological fermentation, and the deodorizing mud of 40-50%, rice bran, sugar (starch), ferment bacterial classification by the formula rate mixing of weighing, after stirring, are carried out biological fermentation and make fermented sludge under 55-70 ℃ of temperature; The prescription of fermentation materials (parts by weight meter) composed as follows:
200 parts in deodorizing mud (water content is 40-50%)
Rice bran 10-12 part
Sugar (or starch) 0.5-1.5 part
Ferment bacterial classification 0.5-1.5 part
D, drying and crushing be with fermented sludge after low temperature or seasoning to water content are about 20%, being crushed to granularity is below 3.5 millimeters, it is standby to be packed in bag.
E, mix are to add nitrogen phosphorus potassium and subsidiary material in fermented sludge, and the composition content of mix is counted with weight %:
Fermented sludge 45-70%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium 10-30%, subsidiary material: 15-25%
Wherein: fermented sludge is that water content is 18-25%, and granularity is no more than 3.5 millimeters meal; Nitrogen phosphorus potassium is a certain proportion of mixture, and nitrogen wherein is meant urea or sulphur ammonium, and phosphorus is meant ammonium phosphate or calcium phosphate, and potassium is vitriolate of tartar or Repone K: subsidiary material are mixtures of humic acids, wilkinite and rice bran.
2, a kind of preparation method who utilizes municipal sludge to produce series special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: mud extraction carries the exit to add the ferrous sulfate (FeSO of sludge quantity 0.5-1.0% (weight percentage) between the desliming of sewage work
4.7H
2O) and the sal epsom (MgSO of 0.1-0.3% (weight percentage)
4).
3, a kind of preparation method who utilizes municipal sludge to produce series special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: biological fermentation is that the fermentation materials that will mix spreads out into 1.2 meters wide on concrete floor, 0.8 the rectangular chevron that rice is high, cover with gunnysack or straw screen or mat, thermometer is inserted at middle and two ends, begins turning when temperature rises to 50 ℃, stir every day once, temperature is at 55-70 ℃, stir 4-5 time after, spread or be transported to shady and cool place drying out and make fermented sludge.
4, a kind of preparation method who utilizes municipal sludge to produce series special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the blending ratio in the nitrogen phosphorus potassium mixture is by weight percentage: nitrogen 20-50%, phosphorus 20-40%, potassium 20-40%; The blending ratio of subsidiary material is by weight percentage: humic acids 20-50%, wilkinite 20-40%, rice bran 20-40%.
5, a kind of preparation method who utilizes municipal sludge to produce series special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the rice bran in the biological fermentation uses rice and flour, wheat bran or straw powder to replace.
6, the series special fertilizer made of preparation method as claimed in claim 1, principal item is:
Rice nursery sock growing seedling strengthen fertilizer;
Paddy rice, corn, dedicated fertilizer for soybean;
Watermelon, muskmelon and special-purpose fertilizer for green cucumber;
Tomato, capsicum, the special-purpose fertilizer of eggplant;
Leek, garlic, broccoli, rape, romaine lettuce, the special-purpose fertilizer of strawberry;
Hu Luobu, the special-purpose fertilizer of simple-minded person;
" flower treasure " series special fertilizer and general fertilizer;
Herbage, lawn and forest, fruit tree etc. are special-purpose fertile.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2004100436375A CN1594225A (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2004-06-18 | Series special fertilizer prepared by urban sludge and its preparation method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2004100436375A CN1594225A (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2004-06-18 | Series special fertilizer prepared by urban sludge and its preparation method |
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