CN104003773A - Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104003773A CN104003773A CN201410236416.3A CN201410236416A CN104003773A CN 104003773 A CN104003773 A CN 104003773A CN 201410236416 A CN201410236416 A CN 201410236416A CN 104003773 A CN104003773 A CN 104003773A
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Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. A biological aerobic composting technology is adopted, a carbon nitrogen ratio, moisture, particle size and other material parameters are adjusted, an organic material decomposition agent is added, and oxygen is supplied in a forced mode, so that the organic materials are fully decomposed, and easily absorbed total nutrition is provided for crops. After functional microbes are added, the utilization rate of the chemical fertilizer is greatly improved, the amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced by 50 percent, and output reduction is avoided. The content of organic matters of the soil can be improved due to continuous utilization, and the water and fertilizer retaining capacity is improved. The biological organic fertilizer is greatly popularized, the amount of the chemical fertilizer can be greatly reduced, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil is increased, and the amount of the chemical fertilizer flowing into the water body is reduced, so that the problem that nitrate in underground water exceeds standard is fundamentally solved. According to the biological organic fertilizer, the problems such as soil hardening and reduction of fertility utilization can be solved, the problem of water and soil pollution caused by application of the chemical fertilizers in a large scale is relieved, and the quality of agricultural products can be improved due to large-area application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be specifically related to a kind of biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The population in the Zhe Zhan world 22% is brought up by China to account in the world 9% arable land, wherein the use of chemical fertilizer is performed meritorious deeds never to be obliterated.But after within 30 years, continuing to use in a large number, some scientific research personnel think, it will cause negative impact to Chinese grain security.Because of excessive fertilization, there is " dead canopy ", " danger spot " phenomenon in some booths and soil.At present because the drawback that in soil, the loss of chemical fertilizer up to 70% causes seriously manifests: body eutrophication aggravation, lead to rivers and lakes and offshore sea waters blue-green algae, red tide causes disaster, water body is stench.Fertilizer application is improper is the major reason that causes water to pollute.A lot of peasants are the nutrient of filling depletion, have to strengthen rate of fertilizer application.But that executes is more, loss also just more.Chemical fertilizer is taken away by flowing water in a large number in the time of heavy rain or the irrigation of the unrestrained field of flood, finally imports rivers,lakes and seas with water, causes the eutrophication of water body.Therefore, loss of chemical fertilizer with use chemical fertilizer in a large number and formed vicious cycle.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences shows in the investigation in northern five intensive growing vegetables districts of 20Ge county of province, and in more than 800 points for investigation, 50% Nitrate content in ground water exceeds standard with nitrogen because of excessive.It is predicted, middle part and the southeast all provinces of China except Jiangxi, Shanxi in 2015, all by because excessively become the potential high risk area that Nitrate content in ground water exceeds standard with nitrogen.
After 20 century 70s, be convenient to storing because chemical fertilizer has advantages of, use simple, instant effect, add the differentiation of livestock and poultry cultivation feature and the labor force's that is engaged in agriculture transfer, the difficulty that the inconvenience that particularly feces of livestock and poultry water content is large, stench brings transport, process, use has more been aggravated feces of livestock and poultry direct returning to farmland, causes agricultural planting fertilizer to have the transformation of farm manure to chemical fertilizer.A large amount of uses of chemical fertilizer, the input amount of fertilizer is significantly cut down, and the consequence of bringing is the serious environmental problems such as soil compaction, soil property decline, agricultural-food nitrite content exceeds standard, body eutrophication.
Internationally recognized chemical fertilizer application upper safety limit is 225 kg/ha, but the average amount of application of China's agrochemical unit surface reaches 434.3 kg/ha at present, is 1.93 times of upper safety limit.Find out from the average amount of application change list of China's chemical fertilizer, China's fifties in last century uses chemical fertilizer more than 8 jin in one hectare of (15 mu) soil, is 868 jin now, increases with hundred speeds.
Along with the expansion gradually of livestock and poultry breeding industry scale, there is following variation in livestock and poultry cultivation feature: by the decentralized management in past, raise a number few, be mainly distributed in agriculture district change present concentrating operation into, raise a number many, be distributed in city suburbs or market town district.Because variation has occurred for cultivation scale, breeding way and distributed areas, cause livestock and poultry cultivation to present the trend of total amount increase, degree aggravation and range extension.The feces of livestock and poultry total amount that the great-leap-forward development of aquaculture mass-producing produces also sharply increases, and according to State Environmental Protection Administration, the concentrated province of 23, whole nation scale animal and poultry cultivations, city's investigation is shown approximately 3,100,000,000 tons of China's feces of livestock and poultry generations in 2003.The nitrogen phosphorus emission of feces of livestock and poultry is respectively 0.19 hundred million ton and 0.04 hundred million ton, accounts for respectively 79% and 50% of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer.Multiple provinces and cities livestock and poultry cultivation exceedes its environmental capacity, and farmland, water body nitrogen and phosphorus pollution risk are high.Be in particular in the following aspects:
1. the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus
In feces of livestock and poultry, contain a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus compound, such as, in broiler chicken ight soil containing eat nitrogen 50%, eat 55% of phosphorus; Live pig is discharged the 80%-85% that eats nitrogen, phosphorus.According to measuring and calculating, ten thousand pig farms, every year blowdown 30,000 t around to pig farm, the wherein nitrogen of about 107t and 31t phosphorus, these nitrogen and phosphorus are concentrated and are entered after small area soil, surmount volume weight of soils, can be converted into nitrate and phosphoric acid salt, enter water body with rainwater, make body eutrophication.And cause a large amount of wastes of nitrogen, phosphorus.
2. the pollution of foul smell to environment
The stench of livestock industry in producing mainly breathed etc. from ight soil, feed fermentation and domestic animal, and the main compound of foul smell has ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, indoles and aliphatic aldehydes, mercaptan, by class etc.Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and methane etc. in foul smell, can reduce the production performance of livestock and poultry when concentration is low, concentration Gao Shike is poisoned to death cub, makes to cultivate staff to go to bits, and easily suffers from respiratory tract disease.If processing in time can make stink increase after ight soil eliminating, harm people people and animals' health.
3. the pollution of sewage to environment
The sewage quantity that large-scale pig farm and diary farm produce is maximum, according to statistics: large scale of pig farm field big porker of every production approximately produces 4t sewage, deliver the big porker production line of 10,000 1 year for sale, every day cleaning floor, the sewage total amount of wasting while rinsing dropping pit and pig drinking-water and produce is 100-150t, the average 1500mg/L of COD, BOD reaches 1200-1300mg/L, total nitrogen approaches 1100mg/L, total phosphorus content is about 440mg/L, the germ that can detect in the sewage of pig farm mainly contains: pathogenic enterobacteria, Bacillus proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella, tubercule bacillus, Brucella and pig erysipelas etc.
4. the pollution of mineral element to environment
For improving the production performance of live pig, in feed, add the mineral elements such as heavy dose of copper, zinc, iron, copper, zinc, iron are necessary trace element to animal and plant, are also heavy metal elements simultaneously, excess is just soil, water body to be formed to heavy metal contamination.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Biological organic fertilizer of the present invention, mainly become thoroughly decomposed and form by organic matter decomposing inoculant aerobic fermentation by cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure and auxiliary material, wherein, cow dung 350-450 part, pig manure 100-300 part, chicken manure 100-300 part, auxiliary material 150-240 part, organic matter decomposing inoculant 2-8 part.
Preferably, described pig manure water ratio is 65-75%.
Preferably, described auxiliary material is selected from one or more in cavings, wood chip, furfural dregs.
Furfural dregs is the biomass class waste that biomass class material produces as the poly-pentose composition hydrolysis production furfural (furtural) in corn cob, cornstalk, rice husk, cotton seed hulls and agricultural byproducts processing tankage.
The nitrogen that cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure etc. contain a large amount of tropina forms, nutrient is higher, but this class material contains a large amount of polymer substances, water content is large, composition is single, direct fermentation difficulty is larger, need to add a certain proportion of auxiliary material (as cavings, wood chip etc.), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of adjustable material on the one hand, the moisture and the permeability that utilize on the other hand the water-absorbent of auxiliary material strong, open-textured feature regulate material.
The composite flora that organic matter decomposing inoculant is made up of the bacterial classification including fungi, actinomycetes, bacterium.Organic matter decomposing inoculant can accelerate the microorganism live body preparation that various organic materialss (comprising agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry, domestic refuse and municipal sludge etc.) decompose, become thoroughly decomposed, organic matter decomposing inoculant of the present invention can be bought and obtain from market, meets relevant national standard.
The preparation method of biological organic fertilizer of the present invention, mainly comprises the steps:
(1) pig manure of dehydration in advance and cow dung, chicken manure are mixed with auxiliary material, make mixture water ratio reach 45-65%, interpolation organic matter decomposing inoculant, utilizes mechanical turning over materials, makes mixture quick composting, obtains the organic raw material that aerobic fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed;
(2) produce according to particle line production technique or powdery line production technique:
A, particle line production technique: the organic raw material becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step (1) is delivered in twin-shaft mixer and stirred evenly by conveyor, be transported on sub-material flat belt machine, respectively material scraper is entered in feeding bin by tripper, through granulator granulation, be polished to spheroidal particle through polishing machine again, then by particle transport to first drying machine, after≤60 DEG C of oven dry next time, sending into conserving secondary drying machine dries again, after moisture≤15%, in cooler, carry out air-cooled, cooled particle enters the sizing screening that carries out macrobead and finished product in sieve apparatus, macrobead is pulverized afterwards and powder returns to mixing granulation system, finished particle is transported to finished product bin, measure through computer quantitative packaging system, warehouse-in after packaging, wherein the particle diameter of finished product is 0.2-0.5mm,
B, powdery line production technique: the organic raw material becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step (1) is stirred evenly by stirrer, after screen-dividing machine is crossed the screening of 50-100 mesh sieve, fail to reenter feed proportioning system after screened material returning charge fragmentation, continue to stir evenly by stirrer, cross screen-dividing machine screening, the fine powder that screening obtains is transported to finished product bin, warehouse-in after the metering of computer quantitative packaging system, packaging.
According to one of embodiment of the present invention, described step (1) adopts slot type compost fermentation pattern fermented organic material, and when fermentation, ceiling adopts sunlight shed, transparent tile transmittance >=75%.
Before compost type order for aerobic fermentation, mainly contain several forms such as tower compost, bar buttress formula compost and slot type compost available.Slot type compost is that bank enters in fermenter, and charging every day is also turned over and thrown and push ahead material by slot type turnover throwing machine, ventilates by air-blast system forced aeration.This mode of manufacture ability is large, and level of automation is high, and thickness requirement of less, the hard end of floor space is low, invests lessly, and fermentation salable peculiar smell is controlled.Therefore, the preferred slot type compost fermentation of the present invention pattern fermented organic material.
In fermenting process, decomposing agent can make fermentation materials heat up rapidly, kills pathogenic bacteria in organic materials, insect ovum, weed seed etc. by high temperature; Can promote the macromolecular substance such as robust fibre, protein in material to decompose; Meanwhile, also have the effects such as deodorizing concurrently.Utilize fermentation equipment to ferment to organic materials, strengthen ventilation oxygenation effect, homogeneous mixture of material, accelerates course of fermentation.
Another embodiment according to the present invention, pH value when described step (1) aerobic fermentation is controlled at 7.5-8.5.
Fermentation windrow entirety pH value, directly affects the growth metabolism speed of aerobic microbiological, and then affects fermentation period.In the present invention, fermentation pH value is controlled to 7.5-8.5 and can promotes the growth metabolism of aerobic microbiological.
The present invention adopts biology aerobic composting technology, by regulating the parameter of materialss such as carbon-nitrogen ratio, moisture, particle diameter, adds organic matter decomposing inoculant, forces oxygen supply, makes to pile interior temperature and can reach 70 DEG C, fully kill pathogenic bacteria, the objectionable impuritiess such as roundworm egg.About composting 28 days, make the organic materialss such as the ight soil mineralising of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, be easy to for farm crop provide the full nutrition that absorbs.Add after functional microbial, greatly improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, the fertilizer amount of minimizing 50% ensures the not underproduction.Use can improve soil organic matter content continuously, increases preserve moisture and fertility ability.Widely popularize biological organic fertilizer and can significantly reduce fertilizer amount, increase the capacity of Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, reduce chemical fertilizer and flow into the amount of water body, thereby fundamentally solve the problem that groundwater azotate exceeds standard.Biological organic fertilizer of the present invention, can solve soil compaction, fertility utilization ratio decline problem, slows down and uses in a large number the water and soil pollution problem that chemical fertilizer causes, and big area is used can improve quality of agricultural product.
The aspect that the present invention is additional and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention below in detail, described embodiment is exemplary, only for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
embodiment mono-
1, get 200Kg pig manure dewater to water content be 70%, 400Kg cow dung, 200Kg chicken manure mix with 195Kg furfural dregs, after mixing, regulating mixture water ratio is 60%, then join in fermenter, add 5Kg organic matter decomposing inoculant, turn over and throw and push ahead material by slot type turnover throwing machine, ventilate by air-blast system forced aeration, ceiling adopts sunlight shed, transparent tile transmittance >=75%, control pH at 7.5-8.5, make mixture quick composting, within approximately 28 days, obtain the organic raw material that aerobic fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed;
2, organic raw material after becoming thoroughly decomposed is delivered in twin-shaft mixer and stirred evenly by conveyor, be transported on sub-material flat belt machine, respectively material scraper is entered in feeding bin by tripper, through granulator granulation, be polished to spheroidal particle through polishing machine again, then by particle transport to first drying machine, after≤60 DEG C of oven dry next time, sending into conserving secondary drying machine dries again, after moisture≤15%, in cooler, carry out air-cooled, cooled particle enters the sizing screening that carries out macrobead and finished product (particle diameter is 0.2-0.5mm) in sieve apparatus, macrobead is pulverized afterwards and powder returns to mixing granulation system, finished particle is transported to finished product bin, measure through computer quantitative packaging system, warehouse-in after packaging.
embodiment bis-
1, get 100Kg pig manure dewater to water content be 70%, 450Kg cow dung, 150Kg chicken manure mix with 130Kg furfural dregs, 20Kg wood chip, after mixing, regulating mixture water ratio is 60%, then join in fermenter, add 6Kg organic matter decomposing inoculant, turn over and throw and push ahead material by slot type turnover throwing machine, ventilate by air-blast system forced aeration, ceiling adopts sunlight shed, transparent tile transmittance >=75%, control pH at 7.5-8.5, make mixture quick composting, within approximately 28 days, obtain the organic raw material that aerobic fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed;
2, the organic raw material becoming thoroughly decomposed is stirred evenly by stirrer, after screen-dividing machine is crossed the screening of 50-100 mesh sieve, fail to reenter feed proportioning system after screened material returning charge fragmentation, continue to stir evenly by stirrer, cross screen-dividing machine screening, the fine powder that screening obtains is transported to finished product bin, warehouse-in after the metering of computer quantitative packaging system, packaging.
embodiment tri-
1, get 300Kg pig manure dewater to water content be 75%, 350Kg cow dung, 100Kg chicken manure mix with 200Kg furfural dregs, 40Kg cavings, after mixing, regulating mixture water ratio is 65%, then join in fermenter, add 8Kg organic matter decomposing inoculant, turn over and throw and push ahead material by slot type turnover throwing machine, ventilate by air-blast system forced aeration, ceiling adopts sunlight shed, transparent tile transmittance >=75%, control pH at 7.5-8.5, make mixture quick composting, within approximately 28 days, obtain the organic raw material that aerobic fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed;
2, organic raw material after becoming thoroughly decomposed is delivered in twin-shaft mixer and stirred evenly by conveyor, be transported on sub-material flat belt machine, respectively material scraper is entered in feeding bin by tripper, through granulator granulation, be polished to spheroidal particle through polishing machine again, then by particle transport to first drying machine, after≤60 DEG C of oven dry next time, sending into conserving secondary drying machine dries again, after moisture≤15%, in cooler, carry out air-cooled, cooled particle enters the sizing screening that carries out macrobead and finished product (particle diameter is 0.2-0.5mm) in sieve apparatus, macrobead is pulverized afterwards and powder returns to mixing granulation system, finished particle is transported to finished product bin, measure through computer quantitative packaging system, warehouse-in after packaging.
embodiment tetra-
1, get 220Kg pig manure dewater to water content be 65%, 380Kg cow dung, 300Kg chicken manure mix with 100Kg cavings, 80Kg wood chip, after mixing, regulating mixture water ratio is 45%, then join in fermenter, add 2Kg organic matter decomposing inoculant, turn over and throw and push ahead material by slot type turnover throwing machine, ventilate by air-blast system forced aeration, ceiling adopts sunlight shed, transparent tile transmittance >=75%, control pH at 7.5-8.5, make mixture quick composting, within approximately 28 days, obtain the organic raw material that aerobic fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed;
2, the organic raw material becoming thoroughly decomposed is stirred evenly by stirrer, after screen-dividing machine is crossed the screening of 50-100 mesh sieve, fail to reenter feed proportioning system after screened material returning charge fragmentation, continue to stir evenly by stirrer, cross screen-dividing machine screening, the fine powder that screening obtains is transported to finished product bin, warehouse-in after the metering of computer quantitative packaging system, packaging.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, amendment, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (6)
1. a biological organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that, mainly become thoroughly decomposed and form by organic matter decomposing inoculant aerobic fermentation by cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure and auxiliary material, wherein, cow dung 350-450 part, pig manure 100-300 part, chicken manure 100-300 part, auxiliary material 150-240 part, organic matter decomposing inoculant 2-8 part.
2. biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described pig manure water ratio is 65-75%.
3. biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described auxiliary material is selected from one or more in cavings, wood chip, furfural dregs.
4. the preparation method of biological organic fertilizer described in claim 1-3 any one, is characterized in that, mainly comprises the steps:
(1) pig manure of dehydration in advance and cow dung, chicken manure are mixed with auxiliary material, make mixture water ratio reach 45-65%, interpolation organic matter decomposing inoculant, utilizes mechanical turning over materials, makes mixture quick composting, obtains the organic raw material that aerobic fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed;
(2) produce according to particle line production technique or powdery line production technique:
A, particle line production technique: the organic raw material becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step (1) is delivered in twin-shaft mixer and stirred evenly by conveyor, be transported on sub-material flat belt machine, respectively material scraper is entered in feeding bin by tripper, through granulator granulation, be polished to spheroidal particle through polishing machine again, then by particle transport to first drying machine, after≤60 DEG C of oven dry next time, sending into conserving secondary drying machine dries again, after moisture≤15%, in cooler, carry out air-cooled, cooled particle enters the sizing screening that carries out macrobead and finished product in sieve apparatus, macrobead is pulverized afterwards and powder returns to mixing granulation system, finished particle is transported to finished product bin, measure through computer quantitative packaging system, warehouse-in after packaging, wherein the particle diameter of finished product is 0.2-0.5mm,
B, powdery line production technique: the organic raw material becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step (1) is stirred evenly by stirrer, after screen-dividing machine is crossed the screening of 50-100 mesh sieve, fail to reenter feed proportioning system after screened material returning charge fragmentation, continue to stir evenly by stirrer, cross screen-dividing machine screening, the fine powder that screening obtains is transported to finished product bin, warehouse-in after the metering of computer quantitative packaging system, packaging.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described step (1) adopts slot type compost fermentation pattern fermented organic material, and when fermentation, ceiling adopts sunlight shed, transparent tile transmittance >=75%.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, pH value when described step (1) aerobic fermentation is controlled at 7.5-8.5.
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| CN104365207A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-25 | 界首市联发种植专业合作社 | Organic soil cultivating method |
| CN104892096A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-09-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Rapid drying composting method by breeding wastes |
| CN105393780A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-16 | 汪天福 | Vegetable plantation method |
| CN105684686A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-06-22 | 刘倩妮 | A pueraria planting method |
| CN107382631A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-11-24 | 山东和田旺生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method that functional form microbial organic fertilizer is produced using great Jiang stalks |
| CN108558462A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-09-21 | 安徽瑞然生物药肥科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method of biomass organic fertilizer |
| CN108640745A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-10-12 | 安徽瑞然生物药肥科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass organic fertilizer |
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| CN109748724A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-05-14 | 自贡佳禾新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of A chicken-manure organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108558462A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-09-21 | 安徽瑞然生物药肥科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method of biomass organic fertilizer |
| CN108640745A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-10-12 | 安徽瑞然生物药肥科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass organic fertilizer |
| CN108794088A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽瑞然生物药肥科技有限公司 | A kind of fine processing method of biomass organic fertilizer |
| CN108911812A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-11-30 | 西藏农牧学院 | A kind of eutrophication organic fertilizer particles |
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Application publication date: 20140827 |