CN102206110B - Liquid compound fertilizer for restoration of mining wasteland with municipal domestic sludge and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid compound fertilizer for restoration of mining wasteland with municipal domestic sludge. The liquid fertilizer is prepared through the following steps: a solution A is prepared through weighing common calcium superphosphate and dissolving in water; a solution B is prepared through weighing magnesium sulfate and dissolving in water; a solution C is prepared through weighing boric acid and adding water to dissolve; a solution D is prepared through weighing ferrous sulfate and adding water to dissolve; a solution E is prepared through adding the domestic sludge to a prepared container with added water with stirring to form a sludge-water mixture; and weighed potassium nitrate is directly added to the solution E, the prepared solution A, B, C, D are added to the solution E respectively, and water is added with uniform stirring. The method provided by the present invention allows the fertility of the mining wasteland to be improved, the survival rate of seedlings to be increased, the growth of the seedlings to be accelerated, the growth amount to be improved, the cost to be saved and the economic benefit to be improved.

Description

A kind of liquid compound fertilizer that utilizes municipal sludge repairing mine abandoned land and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the composite fertilizer field, be specifically related to a kind of liquid compound fertilizer that utilizes municipal sludge repairing mine abandoned land.

Technical background

The development and utilization of Mineral resources. both expanding economy is played huge pushing effect, simultaneously global environment had been produced great effect.The exploitation of Mineral resources, utilization inevitably will take and destroy a large amount of soils and produce environmental pollution, cause thus the havoc of original ecotope and cause a series of environmental problems that are difficult to avoid.The reparation of mining area ecological environment just becomes exploited thecoal mine, produce in a requisite task, be to be related to the key that can the ecological safety in mining area and mining industry Sustainable development.Large provincial for this colliery, Shanxi, long-term exploitation of mineral resources causes and has left over great ecological environment problem to it; Only have these ecotopes are repaired, could build suitable ecotope for it.

According to incompletely statistics, China is because of mining damage soil accumulative total 40,000 Km ²And just with the speed increase of annual 330～470km; Because adopting sky or the geologic hazards such as its excessive exploitation of groundwater causes land subsidence, subsides, landslide, ground fissure and rubble flow reach over thousands of place; In the annual industrial solid castoff quantity discharged in the whole nation 85% or more from mining, existing solid abandoned mine slag accumulates hundred million t up to 60-70, wherein only coal gangue just has 3,400,000,000 t, forms more than 1500 of coal gangue hills, occupation of land 5000hm ²These all havoc land ecosystem, cause the loss of land resources, aggravated people ground contradiction.Take up an area the arable land of losing because of the mine and account for total 49% of the loss of ploughing in the whole nation, because the destruction quantity in soil, mining area is so remarkable, and might cause because of wind erosion, weathering the further pollution of atmosphere, water system, so the reparation of land ecology environment naturally becomes its most critical and most crucial problem.Mine land reclamation and ecological recovery thereof and reconstruction at present become the common problem of paying close attention in countries in the world, just day by day is subject to people's generally attention.

China's land restoration in mining area rate is only 10% now, and reclamation method belongs to the Engineering Reclamation that prevents erosion, recovers simple vegetation more, its Main Problems is from technological layer, that the key problem that puzzlement China Abandoned Land of Mine is reclaimed is soil issues. research, exploitation are simple, and the fertilizer source of the soil improvement that less investment, surviving rate are high and reconfiguration technique and a large amount of high-quality is one of current China land reclamation in mining area work urgent problem.Studies show that nutritive elements such as containing abundant organism and N, P, K in municipal sludge and the necessary various trace elements of Ca of plant, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe etc. can improve Soil structure, increase soil fertility, promote the growth of crop.The soil utilization of mud is a kind of positive, effective and safe sludge treatment mode, improves especially an inexhaustible fertilizer of mine soil fertility and originates.

792 of China in 2005 total sewage centralized treatment plants, 5725 ten thousand stere/days of designed capacity, wherein secondary above sewage work is 694,4791 ten thousand stere/days of designing treatment ability (account for throughput 83.7%).The dewatered sludge amount of annual discharging is approximately 1,400,000 tons thus, but also to increase greater than 10% speed every year.According to relevant investigation and analysis, at present in China's ﹠ Mud main method, agricultural sludge accounts for 44.8%, the land landfill accounts for 31%, other disposes approximately 10.5%, do not dispose approximately 13.7%.And the pollution hazard that the mud that does not obtain any disposal brings to environment is huge, and this part mud is in a kind of unordered, tangleweed, and a large amount of mud are arbitrarily stacked, landfill, cause surface water and groundwater to pollute; Especially there are potential threat in the pathogenic bacteria in mud, heavy metal and toxic organics to human health and living environment.And the minimizing processing has only been carried out in the sludge of sewage treatment plant processing, does not reach stabilization, innoxious and resource utilization.In order to prevent secondary pollution, seek as early as possible a kind of appropriate sludge treatment mode and become very urgent.Mud is used for the mine repairs and can solve the disposal of sludge problem, can solve again the mine land restoration barren, harden, problem that retentiveness is poor.Simultaneously, also have the hazardous and noxious substances such as pathogenic bacteria, parasite and heavy metal thereof in mud, and often with stench.How rationally utilizing and to dispose domestic sludge, turning waste into wealth becomes the study hotspot that current domestic sludge is disposed.Because the heavy metal content height in mud also contains the pathogenic bacteria parasite, the using of crop that is used for food chain has insecurity, and the seeds, the vegetation that are used for the reparation plantation greening in mine had both broken away from the various expenses that food chain has been saved sludge treatment, can also solve the mine repair in source of manure problem.

The content of invention

The objective of the invention is for existing problem, and provide a kind of municipal sludge change waste that utilizes to be resource, can improve the fertility of Abandoned Land of Mine soil, improve the surviving rate of nursery stock, the growth of acceleration nursery stock, increase increment, can save the cost of disposing sludge again, increase economic efficiency, and can accelerate a kind of liquid compound fertilizer that utilizes municipal sludge repairing mine abandoned land of ecological environment treatment and preparation method thereof.

A kind of liquid compound fertilizer that utilizes municipal sludge repairing mine abandoned land of the present invention, made by the raw material of following portions by weight:

Domestic sludge 180～220 grams, normal superphosphate 0.15～0.2 gram, saltpetre 0.1～0.2 gram, sal epsom 0.15～0.2 gram, ferrous sulfate 0.4～0.6 gram, boric acid 0.025～0.035 gram.

A kind of preparation method who utilizes the liquid compound fertilizer of municipal sludge repairing mine abandoned land of the present invention comprises that the following step poly-:

1) take normal superphosphate 0.15～0.2 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make A liquid;

2) take sal epsom 0.15～0.2 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make B liquid;

3) take boric acid 0.025～0.035 gram, add in 40 ml waters and dissolve, make C liquid;

4) take ferrous sulfate 0.4～0.6 gram, add 40 ml water dissolvings, make D liquid;

5) prepare the container of 1 liter, add the water of 600 milliliters, then with the domestic sludge of 180～220 grams, the limit bevelling stirs and joins in container, forms mud mixture, makes E liquid;

6) take saltpetre 0.1～0.2 gram, directly add in E liquid, then the A that makes, B, C, D liquid are joined respectively in E liquid, add water to 1 liter, the limit edged stirs and just makes liquid compound fertilizer.

In the present invention, domestic sludge is the material that produces in sewage treatment process, it comprises the silt of sneaking into simultaneously take aerobic microbiological as main body, the synthesis of the material such as the organism of the solid particulate such as fiber, plant and animal residues and absorption thereof, metal, germ, worm's ovum.It had both contained the required N of growth and development of plants, P, K and had kept various little sludge quantity element (as Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe etc.) that plant normal growth grows and the organic matter that can change Soil structure, organic content is 40%～70%, its content is higher than common farm manure, therefore can improve Soil structure, increase fertility, promote the growth of crop also to contain pathogenic micro-organism, parasite (ovum) simultaneously.

Saltpetre mainly provides the potassium element, is one of plant nutrition N, P, K.K is synthetic to carbohydrate, shift and nitrogen metabolism etc. has substantial connection.When K increased, protein synthesis increased, and vascular bundle, fibrous tissue are flourishing, and the differentiation of embryo is had promoter action.

Normal superphosphate is called for short general calcium, is the phosphate fertilizer that directly makes with the sulfuric acid decomposing phosphate rock.Main useful component is the hydrate Ca (H of monocalcium phosphate ₂PO4) 2H ₂O and a small amount of free phosphoric acid also contain the anhydrous calciumsulphate component.Calcium superphosphate contains effective P ₂O ₅14%～20% (wherein 80%～95% is water-soluble) belongs to water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer.Grey or canescence powder (or particle) can directly be made phosphate fertilizer.Also can make the batching of compound fertilizer making.Provide calcium to plant, plant overwhelming majority calcium is as the constituent that consists of the cell walls pectin substance.Can strengthen the cohesive action between cell, cell junction is got up, calcium is the necessary composition of cell fission, and calcium energy stabilate membrane structure at present, generally believes, the outer Ca of film ²⁺Because being combined into mixture, strengthen the hydrophobicity of plasma membrane with acidic groups in phosphatide on plasma membrane and protein, fenestra is dwindled, the infiltration capacity of water reduces thereupon, has so both prevented that the nutrients such as endocellular sugar divides, amino acid from exosmosing, and also can suppress positively charged ion such as H simultaneously ⁺, NH4 ⁺, Al ³⁺, Mn ²⁺, Fe ²⁺Plasma is passive to be entered in cell, strengthens the resistant function to them.

The calcium that wherein contains can be combined in the upper mixture that forms of calmodulin (being called for short CAM), and this mixture can activate many enzymes in animals and plants, the metabolism of cell is regulated playing an important role.

Sal epsom is (with MgSO ₄7H ₂O provides) Mg, S and Ca Mg be chlorophyllous moiety, is again kinase whose activator; S is the moiety that contains S protein.Magnesium is chlorophyllous essential part, is the activator of plurality of enzymes; Mg participates in the synthetic of carbohydrate, participates in the synthetic of fat and lipoid, participates in the synthetic of protein and nucleic acid.In plant, magnesium is easily mobile element, during magnesium deficiency, plant is short and small, poor growth, elder generation's chlorosis between vein, and blade still keeps green, the chlorosis part progressively changes yellow or white into by light green later on, brown not of uniform size, red-purple spot, striped also can occur, symptom is at Lao Ye, and particularly the Lao Ye blade tip first occurs.

Ferrous sulfate is commonly called as black alum, and molecular formula is FeSO ₄, a kind of divalent sulfur hydrochlorate of iron has another name called ferrous sulfate, the trace elements such as iron content, sulphur.Ferrous sulfate is (with FeSO ₄7H ₂The O form exists) be green monocline or oblique square crystal.Soluble in water, be insoluble to alcohol.Odorless.Proportion 1.898.Temperature loses 6 crystal water when rising to 90 ℃, lose whole crystal water in the time of 300 ℃, becomes white anhydrous thing.The meeting moisture absorption in damp atmosphere, and be oxidised with air to tawny or rust.Energy weathering in dry air, the surface becomes white powder, then oxidation by air is tawny or rust.Contained iron is easily by plant absorbing, and is synthetic influential with photosynthesis to chlorophyll.Though iron is not chlorophyllous integral part, it is absolutely necessary to chlorophyllous formation.Iron is that the composition of cytochrome b and f and ferredoxin divides.Iron has been participated in the process of photosynthesis of plant directly.Iron is composition and the activator of many enzymes.

Boron in boric acid is not the component of plant materials, but it has special role to the physiological process of plant.

1. boron transportation of carbohydrate in plant materials plays an important role; 2. boron can affect the biosynthesizing of phenolic compound and xylogen; 3. affect the growth of pollen germination and pollen tube, have vital role for the growth of plant propagation organ; 4. boron can also affect cell fission, differentiation and maturation; 5. 6. boron is also influential to photosynthesis in the metabolism of boron involved in plant auxins hormone.

1, technology refers to table

1) can effectively improve Abandoned Land of Mine soil fertility, water-holding power, thus improve the increment of plant.

2) can improve the surviving rate of the nursery stock of planting more than 30%.

2, economy refers to table

(1) directly reduced the expense of disposal of sludge, the landfill expense of the domestic Sewage Plant investigation of tool mud per ton is 40 yuan/tons.40000 seedlings are planted in 1 hectare of soil of utilization and extention, can reduce expenses 8,000,000 yuan.

(2) plantation nursery stock 40000 strains by 1 yuan of calculating of the every strain of nursery stock, improve the surviving rate of nursery stock, and are cost-saved more than 10,000 yuan.

(3) avoided the secondary pollution of mud, accelerated the process of Revegetation and environmental improvement, social benefit is difficult to estimate.

The testing and verification explanation

The contrast experiment:

The bare-root seeding of Alfalfa, Europe Lee, three kinds of lifes in 1 year of false indigo in planting respectively the flowerpot that following test and control soil are housed spring, is processed 100 basins for every kind, and the nursery stock that is used for testing is with a collection of nursery stock, and growing way is close, uses the same manner management.

Experimental group: after seedling planting is good, irrigate with Liquid Fertilizer of the present invention, the thick one deck soil of 10CM is covered on the top layer again.

Control group: when all adopting the soil of Mine Abandoned Land to transplant for soil, water irrigates.

Table 1: plant Alfalfa after 60 days average increment refer to that table describes

By as seen from Table 1, grow in Alfalfa test group soil not only thick but also high, flourishing and relatively poor in the control group growing way.Show that Alfalfa increment under the soil regime of improvement of the present invention obviously is better than contrast.

Table 2: Europe Lee that plants, false indigo, willow be surviving rate (%) (to send out sprouting, long young leaves is considered as surviving) after 150 days

As seen from Table 2, plant the surviving rate of Europe Lee, false indigo, willow apparently higher than contrast in the soil of test group.

Table 3: plant Europe Lee after 150 days average increment refer to the table

By upper table 3 as can be known, use the increment of Europe Lee after this fertilizer, no matter from branch amount, the little obvious increase effect that has of growing up of leading thread, blade.

Soil depletion due to Abandoned Land of Mine, the ore particle fineness of sand is little, easily harden, the ability of coal gangue preserve moisture and fertility, the temperature of soil easily is subjected to the impact of the temperature of air, and easily form high temperature, and causing the phenomenon of burning root, burning seedling, refuse dump sludge particle is thick, not easy-weathering and shattering, the preserve moisture and fertility ability can be poor for the nutrition that nursery stock utilizes.Can find out that by table 1 and table 2 this soil regime has seriously influenced the transplanting survival rate of nursery stock, and the remittance of nursery stock often grows, cause transplant live low, the result that increment is little.In test group, after the Liquid Fertilizer of the present invention that has added in soil, chemical fertilizer wherein can be supplied with the nutrition of plant-growth and growth in time, and the assimilation of mud in digest process; And mud composition has wherein not only increased N, P that plants needs, K and a large amount of organic and micro-, has also strengthened soil simultaneously and has contained the ability of supporting moisture content.Guo's river bank blue potted plant and field test of people that waits in Shanxi shows: after applying sludge, and the nutritive ingredient such as soil N P, K, TOC and field capacity, CEC, crumb structure, all corresponding increases of soil porosity, Soil structure is able to obvious improvement.Mud is rich in organic active substance, is applied to contain in a large amount of coal gangue soil, is not only nitrogenous source, the more important thing is organic storehouse and microorganism storehouse.And a large amount of microorganism that wherein contains has accelerated the activation of soil-ripening and nutritive ingredient, temperature and the surge capability of soil have been improved, Soil structure also is improved, for growing of nursery stock provides favourable rhizospheric environment and nutrition, can find out that by the numeral of table 2 table 3 test group has improved the surviving rate of nursery stock effectively, the growth of nursery stock is vigorous, and the every finger table of increment increases.Li Baogui studies the slaking of soil the degeneration Forest ecosystems with municipal sludge in the open air, and result shows, promotes growing of trees at the forest land applying sludge, increases the height of tree and leading thread.Separately there are some researches show, after applying sludge plantation, full the organic C of gangue weathering matter, alkaline hydrolysis N, N all have raising in various degree, and increase with the increasing of mud consumption.After the applying sludge plantation, each processes the raising that the raising that has improved 3%～36%, CEC before CEC plants indicates spoil fertilizer conservation performance.Above result of study will confirm that all mud uses, not only can improve the organotrophy mineral nutrition of soil, increase the preserve moisture and fertility ability of soil, the more important thing is can be by the effect of its a large amount of microorganism that contains, put forward the fertilizer conservation water retention capacity of original soil, fundamentally improve Soil structure, played the effect of synergy.Aspect heavy metal contamination, after this test applying sludge, the not discovery that detects nursery stock heavy metal of body content significantly changes, the tool survey data shows, the content of the domestic sludge heavy metal of Taiyuan City is except the Cu of indivedual Sewage Plant, Cr content height, generally do not surpass national agricultural control criterion, and wherein can be not high by the heavy metal content of the water-soluble attitude of plant utilization, soluble state, the knot that rationally can not cause soil and plant used tired.For other city, reduced by a restriction condition that mud is used.Thereby enlarged the use range of mud.Mud is applied to the mine, because of the people wide less, dry air, organism is few, has greatly reduced chance that germ grows and to crowd's pollution.Can effectively avoid the secondary pollution of mud.

Liquid compound fertilizer of the present invention can make in the process that applies chemical fertilizer be evenly distributed in root system around, and most organic matters does not directly contact with root after applying, thereby avoided the phenomenon due to the arid burning seedling burning root that causes on heating and mountain in chemical fertilizer and mud digest process, improved the surviving rate of nursery stock; Mud use the effect of playing water conservation, fertilizer conservation, with the native soil that progressively becomes thoroughly decomposed of mud also accelerated slaking, nutrition has obtained activation, has increased the fertility of soil, has optimized the structure of soil, makes nursery stock can keep vigorous growing way; Fertilising and the step that waters during field planting have reduced the recruitment of fertilising; When having solved the applying sludge compost, because the compost caking is difficult for by the difficult problem of plant utilization.

Its conclusion is:

Test shows, reaches the Abandoned Land of Mine soil improvement by the recycling of using this liquid fertilizer flyash, thereby improves the surviving rate of plant growing in the vegetation repair process of mine, has reduced the cost of plantation; Can improve the increment of plant; Reduced the processing disposal costs of mud; Can avoid the secondary pollution of mud, accelerate the recovery of vegetation and the process of environmental improvement, thereby produce huge economic results in society.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

Take according to parts by weight: domestic sludge 180 grams, normal superphosphate 0.15 gram, saltpetre 0.1 gram, sal epsom 0.15 gram, ferrous sulfate 0.4 gram, boric acid 0.025 gram.

Concrete preparation method comprises that the following step poly-:

1) take normal superphosphate 0.15 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make A liquid;

2) take sal epsom 0.15 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make B liquid;

3) take boric acid 0.025 gram, add in 40 ml waters and dissolve, make C liquid;

4) take ferrous sulfate 0.4 gram, add 40 ml water dissolvings, make D liquid;

5) prepare the container of 1 liter, add the water of 600 milliliters, then with the domestic sludge of 180 grams, the limit bevelling stirs and joins in container, forms mud mixture, makes E liquid;

6) take saltpetre 0.1 gram, directly add in E liquid, then the A that makes, B, C, D liquid are joined respectively in E liquid, add water to 1 liter, the limit edged stirs and makes liquid compound fertilizer.

Embodiment 2:

Take according to parts by weight: domestic sludge 220 grams, normal superphosphate 0.2 gram, saltpetre 0.2 gram, sal epsom 0.2 gram, ferrous sulfate 0.6 gram, boric acid 0.035 gram.

Concrete preparation method comprises that the following step poly-:

1) take normal superphosphate 0.2 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make A liquid;

2) take sal epsom 0.2 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make B liquid;

3) take boric acid 0.035 gram, add in 40 ml waters and dissolve, make C liquid;

4) take ferrous sulfate 0.6 gram, add 40 ml water dissolvings, make D liquid;

5) prepare the container of 1 liter, add the water of 600 milliliters, then with the domestic sludge of 220 grams, the limit bevelling stirs and joins in container, forms mud mixture, makes E liquid;

6) take saltpetre 0.2 gram, directly add in E liquid, then the A that makes, B, C, D liquid are joined respectively in E liquid, add water to 1 liter, the limit edged stirs and makes liquid compound fertilizer.

Embodiment 3:

Take according to parts by weight: domestic sludge 200 grams, normal superphosphate 0.18 gram, saltpetre 0.15 gram, sal epsom 0.18 gram, ferrous sulfate 0.5 gram, boric acid 0.030 gram.

Concrete preparation method comprises that the following step poly-:

1) take normal superphosphate 0.18 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make A liquid;

2) take sal epsom 0.18 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make B liquid;

3) take boric acid 0.030 gram, add in 40 ml waters and dissolve, make C liquid;

4) take ferrous sulfate 0.5 gram, add 40 ml water dissolvings, make D liquid;

5) prepare the container of 1 liter, add the water of 600 milliliters, then with the domestic sludge of 200 grams, the limit bevelling stirs and joins in container, forms mud mixture, makes E liquid;

6) take saltpetre 0.15 gram, directly add in E liquid, then the A that makes, B, C, D liquid are joined respectively in E liquid, add water to 1 liter, the limit edged stirs and makes liquid compound fertilizer.

Claims (1)

1. preparation method who utilizes the liquid compound fertilizer of municipal sludge repairing mine abandoned land is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1) take normal superphosphate 0.15～0.2 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make A liquid;

2) take sal epsom 0.15～0.2 gram, join in 40 ml waters dissolving and make B liquid;

3) take boric acid 0.025～0.035 gram, add in 40 ml waters and dissolve, make C liquid;

4) take ferrous sulfate 0.4～0.6 gram, add 40 ml water dissolvings, make D liquid;

5) prepare the container of 1 liter, add the water of 600 milliliters, then with the domestic sludge of 180～220 grams, the limit bevelling stirs and joins in container, forms mud mixture, makes E liquid;

6) take saltpetre 0.1～0.2 gram, directly add in E liquid, then the A that makes, B, C, D liquid are joined respectively in E liquid, add water to 1 liter, the limit edged stirs and makes liquid compound fertilizer.