CN111410569A - Biological composting method for garden waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological composting method for garden waste, which relates to the technical field of garden waste utilization. The method includes the following steps: first, collecting garden waste; second, collecting the garden waste treated in step S1 Pulverize; again, add livestock manure, distiller's grains, bran and compound bacterial agent to the pulverized garden waste, stir evenly, spray water until the moisture content is 55-65%, and then stack; finally, 3-5 days The pile is turned once, and after 15-25 days of fermentation, it is dried, sterilized and stored. Using the biological composting method of the present application, it can be completely decomposed after 15-25 days of composting, and the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the main substances in garden waste, reach 74%, 63% and 61% respectively.

Description

A kind of biological composting method of garden waste

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of garden waste utilization, in particular to a biological composting method of garden waste.

Background technique

With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous increase in the area of urban garden green space, such as residential green space, municipal parks and gardens, the amount of garden waste is increasing, which has become one of the main components of urban solid waste. There is great pressure. The so-called garden waste refers to a range of organic materials including litter, tree trimmings, lawn trimmings, weeds, seeds and flower residues.

The composting of garden waste refers to the use of lawn grass clippings, branches, leaves and other wastes generated under natural conditions or during the maintenance process as raw materials, or adding other auxiliary materials in a certain proportion, and using microorganisms to degrade organic matter under suitable conditions. After a certain period of fermentation, the organic compost is converted into organic nutrients or humus to obtain the final decomposed compost product.

However, because the garden waste is mainly lawn grass clippings, branches and leaves, its main components are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin that are difficult to degrade, which will lead to the composting process of garden waste. Too long, low efficiency, incomplete decay of garden waste, affecting fertility and other problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a biological composting method of garden waste, which improves the carbon-nitrogen ratio of garden waste by adding livestock manure to garden waste, and adds compound inoculants to improve the biocompost of garden waste. Degradation speed, adding distiller's grains and wheat bran to provide nutrients required for the initial metabolism of various bacteria in the compound bacterial agent, accelerate the reproduction and metabolism of various bacteria, and accelerate the decay of garden waste, so that the garden waste of the present application can be The compost can be completely decomposed after 15-25 days and meets the composting standards for organic fertilizers.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a biological composting method of garden waste, the method comprising the following steps:

S1: Collect garden waste;

S2: pulverize the garden waste treated in step S1;

S3: Add livestock manure, distiller's grains, bran and compound bacterial agent to the crushed garden waste, stir evenly, spray water until the moisture content is 55-65%, and then stack;

S4: pile and turn once every 3-5 days, dry, sterilize and store after 15-25 days of fermentation.

Further, the crushed particle size is 3-5 cm.

Further, the mass ratio of the garden waste, livestock manure, distiller's grains and the compound bacterial agent is 100-200:40-80:20-40:10-30:5-10.

Further, the mass ratio of the garden waste, livestock manure, distiller's grains and the compound bacterial agent is 150:60:30:15:7.

Further, the livestock manure is a mixture of one or more of chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure and horse manure.

Further, the distiller's grains are one of beer distiller's grains and liquor distiller's grains.

Further, the compound bacterial agent is a mixture of white rot fungus, brown rot fungus, high-temperature cellulite, Trichoderma reesei, Cellulomonas and Bacillus.

Further, the mass ratio of the white rot fungus, brown rot fungus, high temperature cellulosic fungus, Trichoderma reesei, cellulomonas and bacillus is 2:2:2:2:1:1.

Further, the shape of the stack is conical, the radius of the bottom surface of the cone is 2m, and the height is 2-2.5m.

Further, the biological composting method further includes adjusting the pH during the fermentation process: when the pH of the compost is less than 6 or the pH value is greater than 9, the pH value is adjusted with lime, plant ash and dilute sulfuric acid.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The biological composting method of the garden waste of the present application improves the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the garden waste by adding livestock manure to the garden waste, increases the degradation rate of the garden waste by adding a compound inoculant, and adds distiller's grains and wheat bran to form a compound Various bacteria in the inoculum provide the nutrients required for initial metabolism, accelerate the reproduction and metabolism of various bacteria, and accelerate the decay process of garden waste, so that the garden waste of the present application can be completely decomposed after 15-25 days of composting , and the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the main substances in garden waste, reached 74%, 63% and 61%, respectively.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is the C/N of the garden waste after composting of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the change of ammonia nitrogen content in the garden waste composting process of Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-4 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the change of nitrate nitrogen content in the garden waste composting process of Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-4 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the change of cellulose content in the garden waste composting process of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the change of hemicellulose content in the garden waste composting process of Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-4 of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the change of lignin content in the garden waste composting process of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 , a method for biological composting of garden waste according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

S1: Collect garden waste;

Among them, the garden waste includes branches, leaves, fallen flowers and weeds. When cleaning and collecting garden waste, rocks, plastic bags, plastic bottles and other garbage are inevitably mixed. Screen out these refractory substances so as not to affect the composting process of garden waste. The garden waste includes branches, leaves, fallen flowers and weeds.

S2: pulverize the garden waste treated in step S1;

In one of the embodiments, the particle size of the garden waste is 3-5 cm. Exemplarily, the particle size may be 3 cm, 4 cm, or 5 cm. If the particle size is too small, the stacking density will be too high. If the particle size is too large, it will affect the passage of oxygen, further affect the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, and reduce the fermentation speed of compost. If the particle size is too large, it will also reduce the contact area between microorganisms and garden waste during the fermentation process, thereby reducing the effect of microorganisms on cellulose and hemifiber. The decomposition rate of cellulose and lignin affects the fermentation quality of compost.

S3: Add livestock manure, distiller's grains, bran and compound bacterial agent to the crushed garden waste, stir evenly, spray water until the moisture content is 55-65%, and then stack;

Since the main components of garden waste are branches, leaves and weeds, it contains a large amount of refractory substances cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are difficult to degrade and cannot provide enough nutrients for microorganisms in the early stage of degradation. Therefore, in the present application, livestock manure, distiller's grains and wheat bran are added to the garden waste. Wheat bran contains starch, protein, degradable cellulose, and rich vitamins and minerals. In addition to being rich in vitamins and minerals, distiller's grains also contain various amino acids, which can provide exogenous added compound bacteria. The initial nutrition provides conditions for the mass reproduction of the compound bacterial agent; in addition, the main element in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is carbon, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is an important criterion for measuring the quality of organic fertilizers , Usually, in order to increase the C/N of the organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizers, such as urea, ammonium bicarbonate, etc., will be added to the organic fertilizer. In order to reduce the cost of composting, improve the quality of the organic fertilizer, and to effectively utilize livestock manure, the present application , A certain proportion of mixed livestock manure is added to the garden waste, and the livestock manure will produce N, P, K, Ca and other nutrients during the fermentation process, which can effectively adjust the nutrient ratio in the composting process of the garden waste, and ferment more High quality organic fertilizer.

Wherein, in one embodiment, the mass ratio of the garden waste, livestock manure, distiller's grains and the compound bacterial agent is 100-200:40-80:20-40:10-30:5-10.

Moisture is one of the key factors affecting the metabolism of microorganisms. During the fermentation process, too low moisture will affect the activity of microorganisms and reduce the reproduction speed of microorganisms. When the moisture content in the stack is lower than 10% to 15%, the microorganisms cannot be satisfied If the growth is required, the degradation rate is reduced or even stopped; and the high moisture content makes the air permeability between the materials poor, which easily leads to anaerobicity, slows down the degradation rate, and also takes away more heat, which is not easy to keep warm, so that the pile cannot enter the high temperature stage. , the composting effect is poor; therefore, in order to improve the fermentation efficiency, it is necessary to strictly control the moisture content of the stacking. Microbial activity in the stack was highest at 62% water.

S4: pile and turn once every 3-5 days, dry and sterilize for 15-25 days after fermentation.

The stacking can not only dissipate the heat generated by the metabolism of microorganisms in the stacking, avoid the high temperature of the stacking center, which is not conducive to the reproduction of microorganisms, but also increase the contact area between the compost and the air during the stacking process, and promote the reproduction of aerobic organisms; this application The stacking time is chosen to be stacked once every 3-5 days. For example, it can be 3 days, 4 days or 5 days. It is best to stack and turn once every 4 days. If the stacking temperature is too low, it is not conducive to the reproduction of microorganisms. If the stacking interval is too long, the heat generated by the metabolism of microorganisms in the stacking cannot be dissipated in time, resulting in too high heat, which will also affect the further reproduction of microorganisms, thereby affecting the fermentation efficiency. Therefore, it is found through experiments that the composting method of the present application has the best composting effect every 4 days.

In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the garden waste, livestock manure, distiller's grains and the compound bacterial agent is 150:60:30:15:7.

In one embodiment, the livestock manure is a mixture of one or more of chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure, and horse manure.

In one embodiment, the distiller's grains are one of beer distiller's grains and liquor distiller's grains.

In one embodiment, the compound bacterial agent is a mixture of white rot fungus, brown rot fungus, high temperature cellulosic fungus, Trichoderma reesei, cellulomonas and bacillus.

In one of the embodiments, the mass ratio of the white rot fungi, brown rot fungi, pyrocellulosic bacteria, Trichoderma reesei, Cellulomonas and Bacillus is 2:2:2:2:1:1.

In one embodiment, the shape of the stack is conical, the radius of the bottom surface of the cone is 2m, and the height is 2-2.5m.

In one embodiment, when the pH of the compost is less than 6 or the pH value is greater than 9, the pH value is adjusted with lime, plant ash, and dilute sulfuric acid.

Example 1

A biological composting method of garden waste, the method comprises the following steps:

S1: Collect garden waste;

S2: pulverize the garden waste treated in step S1, and the pulverized particle size is 3 cm;

S3: Take 100 parts of the crushed garden waste, add 20 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of sheep dung, 20 parts of liquor lees, 10 parts of bran, 1 part of white rot fungus, 1 part of brown rot fungus, and 1 part of high temperature fibrous fungus , 1 part of Trichoderma reesei, 0.5 part of Cellulomonas and 0.5 part of Bacillus, stir evenly, spray water until the moisture content is 55%, and then stack it. The height is 2-2.5m;

S4: Turn over once every 3 days, and measure the pH value and water content after each turn over. When the pH value is less than 6 or the pH value is greater than 9, adjust the pH value with lime, plant ash, and dilute sulfuric acid. When the water content is lower than When it is 65%, water is sprayed in time, and it is dried, sterilized and stored after 15 days of fermentation.

Example 2

A biological composting method of garden waste, the method comprises the following steps:

S1: Collect garden waste;

S2: pulverize the garden waste treated in step S1, and the pulverized particle size is 4 cm;

S3: Take 150 parts of crushed garden waste, add 20 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of sheep manure, 20 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of liquor lees, 15 parts of beer lees, 15 parts of bran, 1.5 parts of white rot fungus, brown 1.5 parts of rot fungi, 1.5 parts of high-temperature cellulosic bacteria, 1.5 parts of Trichoderma reesei, 0.75 parts of Cellulomonas and 0.75 parts of Bacillus, stir evenly, spray water until the moisture content is 62%, and then stack, the shape of the stack It is conical, the radius of the bottom of the cone is 2m, and the height is 2-2.5m;

S4: Turn over once every 4 days, and measure the pH value and water content after each turn over. When the pH value is less than 6 or the pH value is greater than 9, adjust the pH value with lime, plant ash, and dilute sulfuric acid. When the water content is lower than When it is 65%, water is sprayed in time, and it is dried, sterilized and stored after 20 days of fermentation.

Example 3

A biological composting method of garden waste, the method comprises the following steps:

S1: Collect garden waste;

S2: pulverize the garden waste treated in step S1, and the pulverized particle size is 5cm;

S3: Take 200 parts of the crushed garden waste, add 20 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of sheep manure, 40 parts of horse manure, 40 parts of beer lees, 30 parts of bran, 2 parts of white rot fungus, 2 parts of brown rot fungus, 2 parts of high-temperature cellulosic bacteria, 2 parts of Trichoderma reesei, 1 part of Cellulomonas and 1 part of Bacillus. After stirring evenly, spray water until the moisture content is 65%, and then stack them. The shape of the stacking is conical. The radius of the bottom surface is 2m, and the height is 2-2.5m;

S4: Turn over once every 5 days, measure the pH value and water content after each turn over. When the pH value is less than 6 or the pH value is greater than 9, adjust the pH value with lime, plant ash and dilute sulfuric acid. When the water content is lower than When it is 65%, water is sprayed in time, and after 25 days of fermentation, it is dried, sterilized and stored.

Comparative Example 1

A biological composting method of garden waste, the method comprises the following steps:

S1: Collect garden waste;

S2: pulverize the garden waste treated in step S1, and the pulverized particle size is 4 cm;

S3: Take 150 parts of the crushed garden waste, add 1.5 parts of white rot fungi, 1.5 parts of brown rot fungi, 1.5 parts of high-temperature cellulite, 1.5 parts of Trichoderma reesei, 0.75 parts of Cellulomonas and 0.75 parts of Bacillus, After stirring evenly, spray water until the moisture content is 62%, and then stack, the shape of the stack is conical, the radius of the bottom of the cone is 2m, and the height is 2-2.5m;

S4: Turn over once every 4 days, and measure the pH value and water content after each turn over. When the pH value is less than 6 or the pH value is greater than 9, adjust the pH value with lime, plant ash, and dilute sulfuric acid. When the water content is lower than When it is 65%, water is sprayed in time, and it is dried, sterilized and stored after 20 days of fermentation.

Comparative Example 2

A biological composting method of garden waste, the method comprises the following steps:

S1: Collect garden waste;

S2: pulverize the garden waste treated in step S1, and the pulverized particle size is 4 cm;

S3: Take 150 parts of the pulverized garden waste, add 20 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of sheep manure, 20 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of liquor lees, 15 parts of beer lees, and 15 parts of bran, stir evenly and spray water until moisture After the content is 62%, stacking is carried out. The shape of the stacking is conical, the radius of the bottom of the cone is 2m, and the height is 2-2.5m;

S4: Turn over once every 4 days, and measure the pH value and water content after each turn over. When the pH value is less than 6 or the pH value is greater than 9, adjust the pH value with lime, plant ash, and dilute sulfuric acid. When the water content is lower than When it is 65%, water is sprayed in time, and it is dried, sterilized and stored after 20 days of fermentation.

Comparative Example 3

A biological composting method of garden waste, the method comprises the following steps:

S1: Collect garden waste;

S2: pulverize the garden waste treated in step S1, and the pulverized particle size is 4 cm;

S3: Take 150 parts of crushed garden waste, add 20 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of sheep manure, 20 parts of chicken manure, 1.5 parts of white rot fungus, 1.5 parts of brown rot fungus, 1.5 parts of high-temperature cellulosic fungus, Trichoderma reesei 1.5 parts, 0.75 parts of Cellulomonas and 0.75 parts of Bacillus, stir evenly, spray water until the moisture content is 62%, and then stack them. m;

S4: Turn over once every 4 days, and measure the pH value and water content after each turn over. When the pH value is less than 6 or the pH value is greater than 9, adjust the pH value with lime, plant ash, and dilute sulfuric acid. When the water content is lower than When it is 65%, water is sprayed in time, and it is dried, sterilized and stored after 20 days of fermentation.

Comparative Example 4

A biological composting method of garden waste, the method comprises the following steps:

S1: Collect garden waste;

S2: pulverize the garden waste treated in step S1, and the pulverized particle size is 4 cm;

S3: Take 150 parts of the crushed garden waste and spray it with water until the moisture content is 62%, and then stack it. The shape of the stack is conical, the radius of the bottom of the cone is 2m, and the height is 2-2.5m;

S4: Turn over once every 4 days, and measure the pH value and water content after each turn over. When the pH value is less than 6 or the pH value is greater than 9, adjust the pH value with lime, plant ash, and dilute sulfuric acid. When the water content is lower than When it is 65%, water is sprayed in time, and it is dried, sterilized and stored after 20 days of fermentation.

Experimental example:

(1) Determination of carbon to nitrogen ratio

Take 2g each of the organic fertilizers fermented by the methods of Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-3, put them in a 5 mL paper cup, and put them into an electric heating constant temperature blast drying box to dry for 4 days. Grind the dry sample into powder, take about 10 mg to analyze the content of carbon and nitrogen elements with an elemental analyzer, and then calculate the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the sample. Each group of data was set to 3 replicates and averaged, and the results are shown in Figure 1.

As can be seen from the figure, compared with Comparative Examples 1-4, the C/N ratio of Example 1-3 is significantly reduced, indicating that the addition of livestock manure can significantly reduce the C/N ratio of garden waste compost, and the addition of liquor Distiller's grains, brewer's grains and bran can improve the composting degree of garden waste in the same fermentation time, while the garden waste was composted without adding any auxiliary materials in Comparative Example 4, weeds and leaves were partially composted after 20 days rot, while the branches are basically intact, only the skin of the branches is rotted; it shows that the addition of the auxiliary materials of the present invention, livestock manure, distiller's grains, bran and compound bacterial agent, can greatly speed up the decay process of garden waste composting and improve garden waste. The nutrient structure of compost.

(2) Determination of ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ ^- -N)

Ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ -N) was measured by Nessler colorimetric method: the compost of Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-4 was taken an appropriate amount of samples after each composting to measure its NH ₄ ⁺ -N, the results are shown in Figure 2 , as can be seen from Figure 2, except for Comparative Example 4, the ammonia-nitrogen ratio of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 increased first and then decreased. This is because in the decomposing stage of compost, the price of NH ₄ ⁺ It is converted into NO ₃ ^- , thereby reducing the NH ₄ ⁺ -N content. It can also be seen from the figure that the compost of Example 1-3 has already begun to decompose during the second composting, while the compost of Comparative Example 1-3 The NH ₄ ⁺ -N content began to decrease during the fourth piling. It appears that the composting method of the present application can speed up the composting rate and improve the composting efficiency, while the compost of Comparative Example 4 has only garden waste, so the fermentation rate is relatively high. Slow, the NH ₄ ⁺ -N content was still rising slowly after 20 days of fermentation.

Nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃ ^- -N) was measured by spectrophotometer: take an appropriate amount of samples to measure the NO ₃ ^- -N of the composts of Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-4 after each composting. The results are shown in Figure 3, it can be seen from Figure ₃ that with the increase of the decay time, the content of NO ₃ ^- -N will gradually increase ^. It is indicated that the composting method of the present application can improve the decay speed and decay degree of garden waste, and improve the decay efficiency.

(3) Determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin

Reference "Jia Ling. Study on separation of lignocellulose components from corn cob [D]. Tianjin University, 2013" The determination methods of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the application examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 Determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of the compost after each composting, the results are shown in Figure 4-6:

Figure 4 shows the cellulose content of the composts of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of the application after each composting. It can be seen from the figure that with the increase of composting time, the cellulose content The cellulose degradation rate of Example 1-3 is higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-4. In Example 2, the cellulose is degraded from 35% to 9% after 20 days of composting, and its degradation rate is higher than that of Examples 1 and 3. Comparative Example The cellulose of 3 was degraded from 38% to 15%, and its degradation rate was higher than that of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4.

It can be seen from FIG. 5 that the degradation rate of hemicellulose in the garden waste compost of Examples 1-3 is greater than that of the hemicellulose in Comparative Examples 1-4. Composting the compost can improve the degradation rate of hemicellulose and accelerate the decay process of garden waste; it can also be seen from the figure that the degradation rate of hemicellulose in Example 2 is the fastest. The content was reduced from 16% to 6%.

It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the degradation rate of hemicellulose in the garden waste compost in Examples 1-3 is greater than that in Comparative Examples 1-4, indicating that the method of the embodiment of the present application is used to degrade garden waste. Composting can improve the degradation speed of lignin and accelerate the decay process of garden waste; it can also be seen from the figure that the degradation speed of lignin in Example 1 is the fastest, and the content of lignin degraded from 23% to 15% after 15 days of composting. 9%.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (10)

1. A method for bio-composting garden waste, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

s1: collecting garden waste;

s2: crushing the garden waste treated in the step S1;

s3: adding livestock and poultry manure, vinasse, bran and a composite microbial inoculum into the crushed garden waste, uniformly stirring, spraying water until the water content is 55-65%, and stacking;

s4: turning over once in 3-5 days, fermenting for 15-25 days, drying, sterilizing, and storing.

2. A method of bio-composting garden waste according to claim 1, characterised in that the crushed grain size is 3-5 cm.

3. The method for bio-composting garden waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the garden waste, the livestock manure, the vinasse and the complex microbial inoculum is 100: 200: 40-80: 20-40: 10-30:5-10.

4. The method for bio-composting garden waste according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the garden waste, the livestock manure, the vinasse and the complex microbial inoculum is 150: 60: 30: 15:7.

5. A method of bio-composting garden waste according to claim 3,

the livestock manure is one or a mixture of chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure and horse manure.

6. The method for bio-composting garden waste according to claim 3, wherein the distiller's grains are one of beer distiller's grains and white spirit distiller's grains.

7. The method for bio-composting garden waste according to claim 3, wherein the complex microbial inoculum is a mixture of white rot fungi, brown rot fungi, thermophilic fiber fungi, Trichoderma reesei, Cellulomonas and Bacillus.

8. A bio-composting method of garden waste according to claim 7 wherein the mass ratio of white rot fungi, brown rot fungi, thermophilic fiber fungi, Trichoderma reesei, Cellulomonas and Bacillus is 2: 2:2:2: 1:1.

9. A method of bio-composting garden waste according to claim 1, characterised in that the shape of the stack is conical, the base of the cone having a radius of 2m and a height of 2-2.5 m.

10. A method of bio-composting garden waste according to claim 1, characterised in that it further comprises the adjustment of the pH during fermentation: when the pH value of the compost is less than 6 or more than 9, the pH value is adjusted by lime, plant ash and dilute sulfuric acid.

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