CN113134508B - Method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch - Google Patents
Method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch Download PDFInfo
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- CN113134508B CN113134508B CN202110414915.7A CN202110414915A CN113134508B CN 113134508 B CN113134508 B CN 113134508B CN 202110414915 A CN202110414915 A CN 202110414915A CN 113134508 B CN113134508 B CN 113134508B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving soil by a landscape organic covering, which adopts a three-layer covering method to improve soil, namely outer layer covering, middle layer covering and inner layer covering, wherein the outer layer is an organic waste landscape layer, the middle layer is an organic waste nutrition layer, and the inner layer is an inorganic covering permeation layer, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and the method for improving soil by the landscape organic covering comprises the following steps: crushing, fermenting, disinfecting and dyeing the waste barks, wood chips or bamboo chips to obtain an organic waste landscape layer for later use; fermenting the landscape greening waste, the straw mixture, the tara powder slag, the fungus fermentation solid waste and the plant mixed liquor, and adjusting the water content to obtain an organic waste nutrition layer for later use; taking gravel and sepiolite as an inorganic covering permeable layer; and sequentially covering the organic waste landscape layer, the organic waste nutrition layer and the inorganic covering and permeating layer to the leveled landscape soil surface from inside to outside.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving soil by using a landscape organic covering.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in China, the quality of life of people is continuously improved, the basic effect of landscaping on improving urban and rural ecology and human living environment is gradually shown, the national urban greening construction strength is continuously increased for creating good production, living and ecological environments, and the landscape and landscape of the rural environment are also fresh. However, with the continuous promotion of ecological civilization construction work, landscaping, planting, maintenance and environmental management also face new problems, such as water conservation and water conservation problems in urban and rural greening, a large amount of water resources are consumed in greening, the invalid evapotranspiration amount of surface water is large, and the water content of soil is low; the garden garbage disposal problem is that a large amount of garden garbage such as fallen leaves, trimmed branches, withered and dead trees and the like is gradually increased every year; in the case of urban and rural bare soil, dust is easily generated on the bare earth surface, and the treatment in a ground hardening mode is expensive and poor in effect. Particularly, the living environment of the high-altitude area is severe, the precipitation is less, the growing season is short, the temperature difference is large, the organic matters and effective nutrients of the soil are gradually reduced along with the rise of the altitude, and the altitude area with lower plant planting and maintenance difficulty is large. Based on the requirements of urban and rural landscaping and environmental management in China and the soil characteristics of high-altitude areas, the inventor creatively designs a method for improving soil by using a landscape organic covering, mainly plays a role in improving soil, can increase organic substances of soil, stimulates the activity of soil microorganisms, lightens the natural erosion of soil and prevents soil hardening; the mulching can reduce the competition of the weeds and the root systems of the trees for water and nutrients through the inhibition effect on the weeds, thereby promoting the growth of the trees; the method has the effect of inhibiting soil dust emission and has certain aesthetic value, so that urban and rural landscapes can be beautified, and the environment of a green land can be improved; the covering method can also solve the problem of large climate temperature difference in high altitude regions, has the advantages of soil moisture conservation, low temperature regulation and the like, and has the effects of improving the cold resistance, heat preservation and disease resistance of plants.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving soil by using a landscape organic covering, which is simple and has good improvement effect, plays roles in improving soil, improving cold resistance and heat preservation of soil, inhibiting weeds and beautifying urban and rural environments, and particularly has good improvement effect on soil problems in high-altitude areas.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch adopts a three-layer covering method to improve soil, which comprises an outer layer covering, a middle layer covering and an inner layer covering, wherein the outer layer is an organic waste landscape layer, the middle layer is an organic waste nutrition layer, and the inner layer is an inorganic covering permeation layer, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing, fermenting, sterilizing and dyeing the waste barks, wood chips or bamboo chips, wherein the crushed particle size is 2-8cm, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 50-55 ℃, and the fermentation time is 5-7 days, so as to obtain an organic waste landscape layer for later use;
step 2: fermenting the landscape greening waste, the straw mixture, the tara powder slag, the fungus fermentation solid waste and the plant mixed liquor, and adjusting the water content to obtain an organic waste nutrition layer for later use;
and step 3: taking gravel and sepiolite with the particle size of 1-3cm as an inorganic covering and permeating layer for later use;
and 4, step 4: sequentially covering the organic waste landscape layer, the organic waste nutrition layer and the inorganic covering and permeating layer obtained in the steps 1, 2 and 3 to the surface of the leveled landscape soil from inside to outside; the organic and inorganic layers were separated by 150g geotextile.
Furthermore, the organic waste landscape layer in the step 1 also comprises pine balls, and crushing treatment is not needed.
Further, the landscaping waste in the step 3 comprises branch trimmings, lawn trimmings, dry branches and fallen leaves, weeds and residual flowers.
Further, the solid waste obtained by bacterial fermentation in the step 2 is a solid waste obtained by fermentation of bacillus licheniformis.
Further, the plant mixed liquor in the step 2 is formed by mixing the pressing liquor of camellia yunnanensis, spruce leaves and pine needles.
Further, the mass ratio of the camellia yunnanensis, the spruce leaves and the pine needles is 1.
Further, the fermentation treatment in the step 2 comprises the following specific operations: the method comprises the steps of crushing landscape greening waste and straw mixture to be less than 2cm in particle size, crushing Tara powder slag and bacteria fermentation solid waste to be less than 1cm, mixing 30-35 parts of crushed landscape greening waste, 20-25 parts of straw mixture and 15-20 parts of Tara powder slag according to parts by weight, adding 5-8 parts of bacteria fermentation solid waste and 10-16 parts of plant mixed solution, uniformly mixing, putting into fermentation equipment for aerobic fermentation, and fermenting for 8-10 days to obtain a fermentation product.
Further, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 45-55 ℃.
Further, the water content in the step 2 is adjusted to 35-48%.
The bacteria fermentation solid waste is provided by Yihao biotechnology limited.
The soil surface is a landscape soil surface of a city in a high altitude area, and more preferably, the soil surface is an exposed surface of a planted green plant.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: (1) The method is simple and has good improvement effect, and has the effects of improving soil, improving cold resistance and heat preservation of soil, inhibiting weeds and beautifying urban and rural environments, and particularly has good improvement effect on soil problems in high-altitude areas;
(2) The Tara powder slag adopted by the invention is obtained by recycling waste residues obtained after extraction of the tannic acid, can be used as an organic fertilizer, improves the soil fertility and improves the soil environment, and landscape greening waste is organic waste generated in the process of landscaping oxidation and also aims at achieving the purpose of waste utilization; the fungus fermentation solid waste can generate peculiar smell during fermentation and pollute the environment, and various wastes are combined and fermented for reuse, so that the renewable utilization of resources can be realized, and the soil environment can be improved;
(3) The plant mixed solution adopted by the invention contains a large amount of micromolecular active substances such as amino acid and the like, can activate plant biological enzyme when being applied to soil, promote the growth of biocontrol bacteria, prevent ice nucleus bacteria from generating, destroy the ice forming activity of frozen protein to increase heat, reduce the ice point value of plant cells, promote the flow of cell protoplasm, improve the cell activity, can induce plants to generate antifreeze substances such as sugar and the like, accelerate the absorption and metabolism of nutrients and improve the cold resistance;
(4) The solid waste obtained by fermenting the bacteria is the solid waste obtained after fermenting the bacillus licheniformis, the polyglutamic acid is formed as the main component, the water absorption and water retention effects are achieved, the lower temperature can be kept in the soil when the temperature is higher, the influence on the growth of plants due to too high temperature is avoided, and the heat preservation property is improved;
(5) The sepiolite is used as the inorganic covering material, so that absorbed water can be better stored in soil, the air permeability of the soil is improved, the polluted soil can be repaired due to the adsorption and ion exchange capacity of the sepiolite, the sepiolite has stronger adsorption capacity on heavy metal ions, and the sepiolite is used for improving the soil with heavy metal exceeding the standard;
(6) The method for improving the soil by three-layer organic covering is adopted, wherein the outer layer can prevent water and soil loss and avoid bare soil dust raising, the water content of the soil is increased, the occurrence of diseases, insect pests and weeds is reduced, and the urban and rural environment is beautified; the middle layer improves the soil environment, and improves the soil fertility, cold resistance and heat preservation; the outer soil infiltration performance that improves makes the soil pore increase for moisture permeates to the depths, and direct action increases moisture absorbing capacity to the root.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment, the landscaping waste comprises branch trimmings, lawn trimmings, dead branches and fallen leaves, weeds and residual flowers; the bacteria fermentation solid waste is bacillus licheniformis fermentation solid waste; the soil surface is a landscape soil surface of a city in a high altitude area, and more preferably, the soil surface is an exposed surface of a planted green plant.
Example 1:
a method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch adopts a three-layer covering method to improve soil, which comprises an outer layer covering, a middle layer covering and an inner layer covering, wherein the outer layer is an organic waste landscape layer, the middle layer is an organic waste nutrition layer, and the inner layer is an inorganic covering permeation layer; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing, fermenting, disinfecting and dyeing waste barks and wood chips, wherein the crushed particle size is 2-6cm, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 50 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7 days, so as to obtain an organic waste landscape layer for later use, wherein the organic waste landscape layer also comprises pine cones without crushing;
step 2: performing fermentation treatment on landscape greening waste, straw mixture, tala powder slag, bacteria fermentation solid waste and plant mixed liquor, wherein the fermentation treatment specifically comprises the following operations: crushing a landscape greening waste and straw mixture to a particle size of below 2cm, crushing tala powder slag and bacteria fermentation solid waste to a particle size of below 1cm, then mixing 30 parts of the crushed landscape greening waste, 25 parts of straw mixture and 18 parts of tala powder slag according to parts by mass, then adding 7 parts of bacteria fermentation solid waste and 16 parts of plant mixed liquor, uniformly mixing, putting into a fermentation device for aerobic fermentation for 8 days, controlling the fermentation temperature at 45 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product, and adjusting the water content to 48% to obtain an organic waste nutrition layer for later use, wherein the plant mixed liquor is prepared by mixing camellia yunnanensis, spruce leaves and a pressing liquor of pine needles, and the mass ratio of the camellia yunnanensis, the spruce leaves and the pine needles is 1;
and step 3: taking gravel and sepiolite with the particle size of 1-3cm as an inorganic covering and permeating layer for later use;
and 4, step 4: sequentially covering the organic waste landscape layer, the organic waste nutrition layer and the inorganic covering and permeating layer obtained in the steps 1, 2 and 3 to the surface of the leveled landscape soil from inside to outside; the organic and inorganic layers were separated by 150g geotextile.
Example 2:
a method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch adopts a three-layer covering method to improve soil, which comprises an outer layer covering, a middle layer covering and an inner layer covering, wherein the outer layer is an organic waste landscape layer, the middle layer is an organic waste nutrition layer, and the inner layer is an inorganic covering permeation layer; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing, fermenting, disinfecting and dyeing the waste barks and bamboo chips, wherein the crushed particle size is 4-8cm, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 55 ℃, the fermentation time is 5 days, an organic waste landscape layer is obtained for standby application, and the organic waste landscape layer also comprises pine cones without crushing treatment;
step 2: performing fermentation treatment on landscape greening waste, straw mixture, tala powder slag, bacteria fermentation solid waste and plant mixed liquor, wherein the fermentation treatment specifically comprises the following operations: crushing a landscape greening waste and straw mixture to a particle size of below 2cm, crushing tala powder slag and bacteria fermentation solid waste to a particle size of below 1cm, then mixing 32 parts of crushed landscape greening waste, 23 parts of straw mixture and 15 parts of tala powder slag according to parts by mass, then adding 6 parts of bacteria fermentation solid waste and 10 parts of plant mixed solution, uniformly mixing, putting into a fermentation device for aerobic fermentation for 10 days, controlling the fermentation temperature at 50 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product, and adjusting the water content to 35% to obtain an organic waste nutrition layer for later use, wherein the plant mixed solution is prepared by mixing the camellia yunnanensis, the spruce leaves and the squeezed liquid of pine needles, and the mass ratio of the camellia yunnanensis, the spruce leaves and the pine needles is 1;
and step 3: taking gravels and sepiolite with the grain size of 1-3cm as an inorganic covering and permeating layer for later use;
and 4, step 4: sequentially covering the organic waste landscape layer, the organic waste nutrition layer and the inorganic covering and permeating layer obtained in the steps 1, 2 and 3 to the leveled landscape soil surface from inside to outside; the organic and inorganic layers were separated by 150g geotextile.
Example 3:
a method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch adopts a three-layer covering method to improve soil, which comprises an outer layer covering, a middle layer covering and an inner layer covering, wherein the outer layer is an organic waste landscape layer, the middle layer is an organic waste nutrition layer, and the inner layer is an inorganic covering permeation layer; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing, fermenting, disinfecting and dyeing waste barks and wood chips, wherein the crushed particle size is 2-7cm, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 53 ℃, and the fermentation time is 6 days, so as to obtain an organic waste landscape layer for later use, wherein the organic waste landscape layer also comprises pine cones without crushing;
step 2: performing fermentation treatment on landscape greening waste, straw mixture, tala powder slag, bacteria fermentation solid waste and plant mixed liquor, wherein the fermentation treatment specifically comprises the following operations: crushing a landscape greening waste and straw mixture to a particle size of below 2cm, crushing tala powder slag and bacteria fermentation solid waste to a particle size of below 1cm, then mixing 35 parts of the crushed landscape greening waste, 20 parts of straw mixture and 16 parts of tala powder slag according to parts by mass, then adding 5 parts of bacteria fermentation solid waste and 13 parts of plant mixed liquor, uniformly mixing, putting into a fermentation device for aerobic fermentation for 9 days, controlling the fermentation temperature at 55 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product, and adjusting the water content to 45% to obtain an organic waste nutrition layer for later use, wherein the plant mixed liquor is prepared by mixing the camellia reticulata, the spruce leaves and the squeezed liquor of pine needles, and the mass ratio of the camellia reticulata, the spruce leaves and the pine needles is 1;
and step 3: taking gravel and sepiolite with the particle size of 1-3cm as an inorganic covering and permeating layer for later use;
and 4, step 4: sequentially covering the organic waste landscape layer, the organic waste nutrition layer and the inorganic covering and permeating layer obtained in the steps 1, 2 and 3 to the surface of the leveled landscape soil from inside to outside; the organic and inorganic layers were separated by 150g geotextile.
Example 4:
a method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch adopts a three-layer covering method to improve soil, which comprises an outer layer covering, a middle layer covering and an inner layer covering, wherein the outer layer is an organic waste landscape layer, the middle layer is an organic waste nutrition layer, and the inner layer is an inorganic covering permeation layer; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing, fermenting, disinfecting and dyeing the waste barks and bamboo chips, wherein the crushed particle size is 2-5cm, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 52 ℃, the fermentation time is 5 days, an organic waste landscape layer is obtained for standby application, and the organic waste landscape layer also comprises pine cones without crushing treatment;
and 2, step: performing fermentation treatment on landscape greening waste, straw mixture, tara powder slag, bacteria fermentation solid waste and plant mixed liquor, wherein the fermentation treatment specifically comprises the following operations: crushing a landscape greening waste and straw mixture to a particle size of below 2cm, crushing tala powder slag and bacteria fermentation solid waste to a particle size of below 1cm, then mixing 35 parts of the crushed landscape greening waste, 20 parts of straw mixture and 20 parts of tala powder slag according to parts by mass, then adding 8 parts of bacteria fermentation solid waste and 10 parts of plant mixed liquor, uniformly mixing, putting into a fermentation device for aerobic fermentation for 10 days, controlling the fermentation temperature at 48 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product, and adjusting the water content to 39% to obtain an organic waste nutrition layer for later use, wherein the plant mixed liquor is prepared by mixing the camellia reticulata, the spruce leaves and the squeezed liquor of pine needles, and the mass ratio of the camellia reticulata, the spruce leaves and the pine needles is 1;
and step 3: taking gravel and sepiolite with the particle size of 1-3cm as an inorganic covering and permeating layer for later use;
and 4, step 4: sequentially covering the organic waste landscape layer, the organic waste nutrition layer and the inorganic covering and permeating layer obtained in the steps 1, 2 and 3 to the leveled landscape soil surface from inside to outside; the organic and inorganic layers were separated by 150g geotextile.
Comparative example 1:
the embodiment of comparative example 1 is different from the embodiment in that the mass fraction of the solid waste fermented by the bacteria in the step 2 is replaced by 0.
Comparative example 2:
the embodiment of comparative example 2 is different from the embodiment in that the mass fraction of the plant mixture in step 2 is replaced by 0.
The covering time was recorded as 2019, 6 and 12 days, the uncovered bare ground was collected the next 7 months as a control group, and a soil sample of 50-100mm below the ground of the soil covered with the organic mulch obtained in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 was collected, the pH, organic matter content, water content of the soil were measured, and the planting of green plants on the soil was observed, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 physicochemical properties of soil and plant growth under different mulching treatments
As can be seen from the above Table 1, the method adopted by the invention is simple and has good improvement effect, the soil problem in high altitude areas is well improved, and the cold resistance and heat preservation of the soil are improved at the same time, and further analysis shows that the soil heat preservation of the added bacteria fermentation solid waste is better than that of the added bacteria fermentation solid waste, the growth vigor of the planted plants is good, the cold resistance of the soil added with the plant mixed liquid is not better, and the survivability of the planted plants is high, which means that the added bacteria fermentation solid waste and the plant mixed liquid add soil organic substances on the organic covering, stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms, improve the cold resistance and heat preservation of the soil, and simultaneously strengthen the water absorption and retention capacity of the soil.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch is characterized in that a three-layer covering method is adopted to improve soil, namely outer layer covering, middle layer covering and inner layer covering, wherein the outer layer is an organic waste landscape layer, the middle layer is an organic waste nutrition layer, and the inner layer is an inorganic covering permeation layer, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing, fermenting, disinfecting and dyeing one of waste wood chips or bamboo chips and barks, wherein the crushed particle size is 2-8cm, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 50-55 ℃, and the fermentation time is 5-7 days, so as to obtain an organic waste landscape layer for later use;
step 2: fermenting landscape greening waste, straw mixture, tala powder slag, bacteria fermentation solid waste and plant mixed liquor, and adjusting the water content to obtain an organic waste nutrition layer for later use, wherein the bacteria fermentation solid waste is bacillus licheniformis fermentation solid waste, the plant mixed liquor is formed by mixing Yunnan camellia, spruce leaves and pine needle squeezing liquor, and the fermentation treatment specifically comprises the following steps: pulverizing landscape greening waste and straw mixture to particle size of below 2cm, pulverizing tala powder slag and bacteria fermentation solid waste to particle size of below 1cm, mixing the pulverized landscape greening waste 30-35 parts, straw mixture 20-25 parts and tala powder slag 15-20 parts by mass, adding bacteria fermentation solid waste 5-8 parts and plant mixed liquid 10-16 parts, uniformly mixing, putting into fermentation equipment for aerobic fermentation, and fermenting for 8-10 days to obtain a fermentation product;
and 3, step 3: taking gravels and sepiolite with the grain size of 1-3cm as inorganic covering and permeating layers for later use;
and 4, step 4: sequentially covering the organic waste landscape layer, the organic waste nutrition layer and the inorganic covering and permeating layer obtained in the steps 1, 2 and 3 to the surface of the leveled landscape soil from inside to outside; the organic and inorganic layers were separated by 150g geotextile.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic waste landscape layer of step 1 further comprises pine cones without crushing treatment.
3. The method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch of claim 1, wherein the landscape greening waste of step 2 includes tree pruning, lawn pruning, dry branches and fallen leaves, weeds and remnant flowers.
4. The method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the camellia yunnanensis, the spruce leaves and the pine needles is 1.
5. The method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch of claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature in step 2 is controlled at 45-55 ℃.
6. The method for improving soil by landscape organic mulch of claim 1 wherein the water content in step 2 is adjusted to 35-48%.
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| CN115088585A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-23 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing planting soil in alpine and desertification areas by using saline waste residue soil |
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