A kind of biomass storehouse formula compost treatment Apparatus and method for
Technical field
The invention belongs to Deodor technical field in biomass landfill, be specifically related to a kind of biomass storehouse formula compost treatment Apparatus and method for.
Background technology
Organism is processed by high temperature aerobic composting, make unstable organism in composting material through bio-oxidation after a while and become thoroughly decomposed, forming stable in properties, harmless to farm crop, can be used as the composting production of soil improvement agent, be applied to farmland, can improve Soil structure, increase soil fertility.The biomass of not becoming thoroughly decomposed are directly used, because organic matter wherein does not reach enough stable, can hinder farm crop to the absorption of nitrogen, in roots of plants district forms anaerobic condition and increases soil the solvability of some heavy metal ion, the phytotoxicity material containing also can affect the normal growth of plant.Therefore, need to carry out resource utilization, innoxious compost treatment to biomass.Composting is by thermophilic fermentation, to make organism mineral, humify and the innoxious process that becomes the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed under the effect of microorganism.In in plant materials, contain carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace element.Yearly plant as fertilizer sources is returned this soil, and the soil organism can increase by 0.01% every year, to maintaining soil nutrient balance, plays active effect, also can improve soil aggregate and physicochemical character simultaneously.Agriculturally more can increase crop yield, save fertilizer amount, can promote agricultural sustainable development.
Compost reaction is the complex process of microbial activities, is subject to the factor impacts such as water ratio, temperature, ventilation oxygen-supplying amount, carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and pH value.The organism of solubility in composting process, sees through microbial cell wall and cytolemma and is absorbed by Institute of Micro-biology.Solid and colloidal organic matter matter are attached to outside microbe, and the enzyme of being secreted by Institute of Micro-biology is decomposed into after soluble substance, then infiltrate cell.Absorbed organism, a part is converted into the necessary nutritive substance of organism, and synthetic new cellular material makes microorganism growth breeding, produces more organisms; Another part is oxidized to simple inorganics, and emits the needed energy of biological production activity.Perishable organism is converted into the organic nutrient substance that soil easily absorbs, and the high temperature producing in composting process, has killed the pathogenic bacterium in compost material, parasitic ovum.
Biomass compost adopts plant special process and scientific matching exactly, after the operations such as pulverizing, enzyme, batching, batch mixing, makes biomass combined fertilizer.But pile of biomass fertilizer technology level is low at present, operation floor space is large, decomposed period long, easily produce stench etc.At present also by take the Apparatus and method for that plant produces biomass combined fertilizer as main employing composting mode, do not carry out batch production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of biomass storehouse formula compost treatment Apparatus and method for is provided.Utilize high-effective microorganism microbial inoculum, adopt closed composting working method, strengthen the function of microbial ecosystem, accelerate the decomposition of organic substance, promote becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost material, improve composting efficiency, effectively prevent propagation and the emission of bad smell of pathogenic bacteria.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Described biomass storehouse formula compost treatment equipment comprises reaction warehouse; In described reaction warehouse, by reaction warehouse dividing plate, be divided into several and react little storehouse; In described reaction warehouse, be provided with temperature sensor and humidity sensor; Described reaction warehouse one end is provided with loading bay, and the other end is provided with discharge port; Described reaction warehouse top is provided with stirs lift track, and described stirring lift track is connected with the stirring lift in reaction warehouse by stirring lift motor; Described reaction warehouse top is also provided with water inlet pipe, and described water inlet pipe is provided with spray header; Described reaction warehouse bottom is provided with the filter layer of vesicular structure; In described filter layer, be provided with the rising pipe being communicated with reaction warehouse, described rising pipe is connected with equalizing tank, and said equalizing tank is connected with water inlet pipe, and described water inlet pipe is provided with water pump; In described filter layer, be also provided with blast pipe; Described blast pipe is provided with the air outlet being communicated with reaction warehouse; One end that described blast pipe stretches out filter layer is connected with blower fan, and the air outlet place of described blower fan is provided with airheater.
Described biomass storehouse formula compost treatment equipment can be full underground type or semi-underground type.Full underground type compost treatment equipment reaction storehouse is all embedded in underground, builds and hide booth or factory building above reaction warehouse.Semi-underground type compost treatment equipment comprises box, the slot type compost treatment equipment that is placed in ground.
The present invention also provides a kind of biomass compost treatment process based on above-mentioned biomass storehouse formula compost treatment equipment, comprises the steps:
(1) before compost by biomass sorting, fragmentation, screening, prepare burden, be mixed into composting material; Wherein, composting material length is 3~5cm, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio in composting material is 20~30:1; In composting material, the carbon content such as fallen leaves, wood chip, branch, stalk, withered grass is higher, directly with it, carry out composting, be unfavorable for the synthetic of microorganism and grow, fermenting speed is slow, and the nitrogen contents such as fresh grass, tender leaf are high, can emit a large amount of ammonias and stink, also impact fermentation and composting, preferably both carry out a certain proportion of mixing, control applicable carbon-nitrogen ratio;
(2) by 50~100 times of compound beneficial bacteria powder thin ups, under normal temperature, cultivate 8~12 hours, obtain bacterium liquid;
(3) raw material is dropped into and sent out in reaction warehouse by loading bay, start the lifting motor drive stirring lift work of stirring; Start water pump simultaneously, by water inlet pipe, cultured bacterium liquid in step (2) is sprayed on raw material; By humidity sensor, controlling humidity in reaction warehouse is 45~60%; Wherein, every 10t composting material is used the compound beneficial bacteria powder of 0.5kg, and composting material pH value is 6~9;
(4) open airheater, under the effect of blower fan, by blast pipe, in reaction warehouse, carry heating installation, after temperature reaches more than 40 ℃ in reaction warehouse, close airheater and blower fan, in reaction warehouse, composting material starts fermentation; During fermentation, controlling temperature in reaction warehouse is 50~60 ℃, when temperature is during lower than 50 ℃, starts airheater and blower fan to carry heating installation in reaction warehouse, when temperature is during higher than 60 ℃, starts blower fan and carry gas at normal temperature in reaction warehouse; Control humidity 50~60% in reaction warehouse, when humidity is lower than 50% time, by water pump, the water in filtrate equalizing tank is sprayed onto on composting material, when humidity is lower than 60% time, by blower fan, in reaction warehouse, carry air, dry up moisture; Wherein, filtrate regulates the pH value of pool inner water by lime powder, to be adjusted to 6~9; During fermentation, at interval of 10~12h, start blower fan and stir lift motor once, continuing 25~30min at every turn, rate of venting is 10~1000L/min;
(5) fermentation, by composting material turning after 5 days, is added compound beneficial bacteria powder while stir in composting material during turning, and addition is the compound beneficial bacteria powder of every 10t composting material interpolation 0.5kg; Spray for the second time cultured bacterium liquid in step (2), composting material humidity remains between 55~60%, the moisture content that composting material produced in when fermentation through the rising pipe of filter layer discharged to filtrate equalizing tank; During turning, by stirring lift, composting material is moved to the little storehouse of next reaction from the little storehouse of previous reaction; The little storehouse of previous reaction again can repeating step (3) content again feed intake, uninterruptedly carry out compost production;
(6) after turning, by temperature sensor, controlling temperature in reaction warehouse is 45~55 ℃, when temperature is during lower than 45 ℃, starts airheater and blower fan and carry heating installation in reaction warehouse, when temperature is during higher than 55 ℃, starts blower fan and carry gas at normal temperature in reaction warehouse; By humidity sensor, control raw material humidity 45~55% in reaction warehouse, when humidity is lower than 45% time, by water pump, the water in filtrate equalizing tank is sprayed onto on composting material, when humidity is lower than 55% time, by blower fan, in reaction warehouse, carry air blow drying moisture content; Wherein, filtrate regulates the pH value of pool inner water to be adjusted between 6~9 by lime powder; After turning, at interval of 14~16h, start blower fan and stir lift motor once, continuing 15~20min at every turn, wherein, rate of venting is 10~1000L/min; During summer, after turning, 5 days composting materials enter latter stage of ripening, and during winter, after turning, 7 days fertile raw materials enter latter stage of ripening, at this moment composting material are discharged from discharge port, and composting material is moved on to booth or outdoor lower degraded 5~7 days afterwards to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely; Wherein, by stirring lift, composting material is moved to last react in little storehouse and from discharge port, discharge again, and compost production is uninterruptedly carried out in the content turning that previous reaction warehouse can repeating step;
(7) composting material after becoming thoroughly decomposed is completely spread out, is made its seasoning or Exposure to Sunlight, by moisture control 30~35%, broken by 0.1~2 mesh sieve except after macrobead compost finished product.
Below in conjunction with principle, the invention will be further described:
Before compost, biomass are carried out to sorting, fragmentation, screening, batching and mixing, for Composting Process provides suitable raw material.Composting material is mixture, comprises each kind of plant, mud, agricultural wastes etc.For reaching best composting reaction effect, need to add his organic or inorganic material, change proportion, the water ratio of composting material, the structure of raw material, increase the energy content in raw material, adjust porosity, be convenient to ventilate.
The raw material of handling well early stage drops in fermentation cabin, and under microbial process, organism is by fast decoupled, and experience temperature raising period, pliotherm period, three processes of cooldown period are carried out Primary Fermentation.While carrying out Primary Fermentation, oxygen absorption rate is high, and heap temperature is higher, and volatile solid reduces in a large number, discharges more odorous gas.
In fermentation cabin, in stockpile, temperature declines, volatile solid is while slowing down volatilization, enters the secondary fermentation stage, conventionally in fermentation cabin, ferments outward, can be booth or outdoor under carry out.Effect is that the organism of difficult degradation is further decomposed, and changes into more stable material, finally obtains the product becoming thoroughly decomposed completely.This one-phase oxygen absorption rate is low, heap temperature is lower, Management and control measure is fairly simple.
Composting production after fermenting twice is suitably dried, broken, sieving gets final product packing and selling.
Compared with prior art, the compost finished product becoming thoroughly decomposed completely of gained after adopting present device and method to process, raw material volume compression changes greatly, is reduced to the 1/3-1/5 of raw material, free from extraneous odour and stink, loose and band are a little like the fragrance of earth, and plant can completely comparatively fast absorb.The pliotherm period of compost fermentation, substantially can kill pests and germ, even weed seed, by being applied to farmland and horticultural production after high temperature composting, can realize real pollution-free organic farming again, a large amount of enzymes of mushroom secretion and the metabolic improver of actives quality farm crop the best in composting process, can improve disease resistance and insect-resistance, improvement soil, activating soil is realized continuous farming forever, for exempting from agricultural chemicals organic farming, create basis, realize the Zero-discharge non-pollution of agriculture production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of storehouse of the present invention formula compost reactor.
In figure: 19, stir lift track, 20, spray header, 21, water inlet pipe, 22, stir lift motor, 23, stir lift, 24, temperature sensor, 25, discharge port, 26, water pump, 27, rising pipe, 28, filtrate equalizing tank, 29, filter layer, 30, filtering net, 31, blast pipe, 32, air outlet, 33, airheater, 34, blower fan, 35, reaction warehouse, 36, loading bay, 37, humidity sensor, 38, reaction warehouse dividing plate.
Embodiment
Describe the preferred technical scheme of the present invention below in detail, but provided embodiment is provided.
embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1, described biomass storehouse formula compost treatment equipment comprises reaction warehouse 35; In described reaction warehouse 35, by reaction warehouse dividing plate 38, be divided into several and react little storehouse; In described reaction warehouse 35, be provided with temperature sensor 24 and humidity sensor 37; Described reaction warehouse 35 one end are provided with loading bay 36, and the other end is provided with discharge port 25; Described reaction warehouse 35 tops are provided with stirs lift track 19, and described stirring lift track 19 is connected with the stirring lift 23 in reaction warehouse 35 by stirring lift motor 22; Described reaction warehouse 35 tops are also provided with water inlet pipe 21, and described water inlet pipe 21 is provided with spray header 20; Described reaction warehouse 35 bottoms are provided with the filter layer 29 of vesicular structure; In described filter layer 29, be provided with the rising pipe 27 being communicated with reaction warehouse 35, described rising pipe 27 is connected with equalizing tank 28, and said equalizing tank 28 is connected with water inlet pipe 21, and described water inlet pipe 21 is provided with water pump 26; In described filter layer 29, be also provided with blast pipe 31; Described blast pipe 31 is provided with the air outlet 32 being communicated with reaction warehouse 35; One end that described blast pipe 31 stretches out filter layer 29 is connected with blower fan 34, and the air outlet place of described blower fan 34 is provided with airheater 33.
embodiment 2
A biomass compost treatment process based on formula compost treatment equipment in biomass storehouse described in embodiment 1, comprises the steps:
(1) before compost by biomass sorting, fragmentation, screening, prepare burden, be mixed into composting material; Wherein, composting material length is 3~5cm, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio in composting material is 20~30:1;
(2) by 50~100 times of compound beneficial bacteria powder thin ups, under normal temperature, cultivate 8~12 hours, obtain bacterium liquid;
(3) raw material is dropped into and sent out in reaction warehouse by loading bay, start the lifting motor drive stirring lift work of stirring; Start water pump simultaneously, by water inlet pipe, cultured bacterium liquid in step (2) is sprayed on raw material; By humidity sensor, controlling humidity in reaction warehouse is 45~60%; Wherein, every 10t composting material is used the compound beneficial bacteria powder of 0.5kg, and composting material pH value is 6~9;
(4) open airheater, under the effect of blower fan, by blast pipe, in reaction warehouse, carry heating installation, after temperature reaches more than 40 ℃ in reaction warehouse, close airheater and blower fan, in reaction warehouse, composting material starts fermentation; During fermentation, controlling temperature in reaction warehouse is 50~60 ℃, when temperature is during lower than 50 ℃, starts airheater and blower fan to carry heating installation in reaction warehouse, when temperature is during higher than 60 ℃, starts blower fan and carry gas at normal temperature in reaction warehouse; Control humidity 50~60% in reaction warehouse, when humidity is lower than 50% time, by water pump, the water in filtrate equalizing tank is sprayed onto on composting material, when humidity is lower than 60% time, by blower fan, in reaction warehouse, carry air, dry up moisture; Wherein, filtrate regulates the pH value of pool inner water by lime powder, to be adjusted to 6~9; During fermentation, at interval of 10~12h, start blower fan and stir lift motor once, continuing 25~30min at every turn, rate of venting is 10~1000L/min;
(5) fermentation, by composting material turning after 5 days, is added compound beneficial bacteria powder while stir in composting material during turning, and addition is the compound beneficial bacteria powder of every 10t composting material interpolation 0.5kg; Spray for the second time cultured bacterium liquid in step (2), composting material humidity remains between 55~60%, the moisture content that composting material produced in when fermentation through the rising pipe of filter layer discharged to filtrate equalizing tank; During turning, by stirring lift, composting material is moved to the little storehouse of next reaction from the little storehouse of previous reaction; The little storehouse of previous reaction again can repeating step (3) content again feed intake, uninterruptedly carry out compost production;
(6) after turning, by temperature sensor, controlling temperature in reaction warehouse is 45~55 ℃, when temperature is during lower than 45 ℃, starts airheater and blower fan and carry heating installation in reaction warehouse, when temperature is during higher than 55 ℃, starts blower fan and carry gas at normal temperature in reaction warehouse; By humidity sensor, control raw material humidity 45~55% in reaction warehouse, when humidity is lower than 45% time, by water pump, the water in filtrate equalizing tank is sprayed onto on composting material, when humidity is lower than 55% time, by blower fan, in reaction warehouse, carry air blow drying moisture content; Wherein, filtrate regulates the pH value of pool inner water to be adjusted between 6~9 by lime powder; After turning, at interval of 14~16h, start blower fan and stir lift motor once, continuing 15~20min at every turn, wherein, rate of venting is 10~1000L/min; During summer, after turning, 5 days composting materials enter latter stage of ripening, and during winter, after turning, 7 days fertile raw materials enter latter stage of ripening, at this moment composting material are discharged from discharge port, and composting material is moved on to booth or outdoor lower degraded 5~7 days afterwards to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely; Wherein, by stirring lift, composting material is moved to last react in little storehouse and from discharge port, discharge again, and compost production is uninterruptedly carried out in the content turning that previous reaction warehouse can repeating step;
(7) composting material after becoming thoroughly decomposed is completely spread out, is made its seasoning or Exposure to Sunlight, by moisture control 30~35%, broken by 0.1~2 mesh sieve except after macrobead compost finished product.