CN108925400B

CN108925400B - Dendrobium cultivation medium prepared from forestry waste

Info

Publication number: CN108925400B
Application number: CN201810776491.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张金萍; 李雪彬; 姚小华; 杜孟浩
Original assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2018-07-10
Filing date: 2018-07-10
Publication date: 2020-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-10
Also published as: CN108925400A

Abstract

The invention discloses a dendrobium cultivation medium prepared from forestry waste. The dendrobium cultivation medium is composed of piled decayed oil-tea camellia shells, piled decayed masson pine wood chips, piled decayed Chinese chestnut shells and piled decayed pecan shells, and the dendrobium cultivation medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-50%, 30-70%, 10-50% and 10-30%. The culture medium disclosed by the invention is simple in formula, low in cost, loose, air-permeable and sufficient in nutrients, reduces the content of turpentine in the conventional masson pine sawdust, reduces the content of saponin and tannin in the medium, and effectively improves the taste and quality of dendrobium.

Description

Dendrobium cultivation medium prepared from forestry waste

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting and cultivation substrate preparation, in particular to a dendrobium cultivation substrate prepared from forestry waste.

Background

Herba Dendrobii (Dendrobium nobile Lindl.) is an orchid perennial epiphytic herb. Usually attached to trees or rock seams, the seeds are difficult to survive in soil and have special requirements on environmental conditions. Because the growth is slow under natural conditions and the factors such as serious damage to ecological conditions and the like are listed as one of endangered animal and plant medicinal materials by the nation in 1987, the artificial cultivation technical problem needs to be treated urgently.

At present, the dendrobium planting matrix is mostly combined by organic materials and filling materials, the organic materials are commonly used such as moss, pine bark, miscellaneous wood chips, sawdust, peanut shell, bagasse, leaves, bark and the like, and the filling materials are broken stones, bricks, peat, perlite and the like. Pine bark and broad-leaved bark are the most widely used organic materials, but the organic materials have high cellulose content and high fiber crystallinity, so that the water absorption is uneven, the upper part is easy to dry, the lower part is easy to wet, the rot and the disease of the dendrobium root are easy to cause, and the dendrobium is not favorable for rooting and survival. The filling material is most widely peat which is a natural marsh land product formed for thousands of years, and has the advantages of sterility, no toxicity, no pollution, good ventilation performance, light weight, water retention, fertilizer retention, contribution to microbial activity and biological performance enhancement. However, peat has a very high scarcity as a non-renewable natural resource, and many countries have limited its exploitation and utilization. Therefore, it is urgent to find alternatives. At present, the research on the dendrobium matrix is only limited to the consideration of the influence of the porosity, air permeability, water retention capacity, tiltability, attachment and the like of the matrix on the growth vigor of the dendrobium, and the comprehensive influence of the matrix on the absorption of nutrient components, the content of active components and the like of the dendrobium is rarely considered. Therefore, the selection of the dendrobium substrate which is beneficial to the growth of the dendrobium and can provide effective active nutrient components for the dendrobium is the key point of the research of the dendrobium substrate.

In recent years, people pay more and more attention to research and development of organic wastes as dendrobium cultivation substrates, and the utilization of the organic wastes is a main development direction of substrate selection in the future. The forestry waste mainly contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and mineral elements, and has the same components as the raw materials formed by peat. At present, the wastes are discarded at the side of a valley, a river beach and a highway in an unordered way, and flow into a water area after being washed by rainwater, so that the water body is seriously polluted; or the biomass fuel is burnt as fuel to pollute the atmosphere, becomes a pollution source seriously polluting the environment, and causes a great deal of biomass resource waste and ecological damage. Meanwhile, the forestry wastes have high cellulose and lignin contents which are not beneficial to the absorption of the dendrobium, and substances which contain anti-nutrient substances such as turpentine, saponin, tannin and the like and influence the growth, the nutritional quality and the taste of the dendrobium are limited in the aspect of matrix utilization.

Chinese patent CN106831065A discloses an organic fertilizer prepared from oil-tea camellia shells and oil-tea camellia cakes to obtain a biological fertilizer rich in tea saponin.

Chinese patent CN105315094A discloses an efficient organic fertilizer for camellia seeds, which is prepared from camellia oleifera shells, camellia oleifera seed meal, chicken manure, tobacco powder and RW ferment agent, and has lasting fertilizer effect and insect resistance and sterilization.

However, with the development of ecological construction of forestry and economic forest industry in China, a series of new problems and challenges are faced to the low-cost, clean, efficient and high-value utilization of forestry wastes.

The dendrobium cultivation medium prepared from forestry waste is loose, breathable and sufficient in nutrients, the content of turpentine in the conventional masson pine sawdust is reduced, the content of saponin and tannin in the medium is reduced, and the taste and quality of dendrobium are effectively improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a dendrobium cultivation medium prepared from forestry waste.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a dendrobium cultivation medium prepared from forestry waste comprises piled decayed oil-tea camellia shells, piled decayed masson pine sawdust, piled decayed Chinese chestnut shells and piled decayed pecan shells, and the dendrobium cultivation medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-50%, 30-70%, 10-50% and 10-30%.

Preferably, the rotten oil-tea camellia shells are prepared by mixing (5-30) of oil-tea camellia shells, an initiating explosive, inorganic nitrogen or organic nitrogen and a mixed microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 100 (2.5-3.2) and (1-5), carrying out rotting fermentation for 1-2 months, maintaining the temperature above 50 ℃ for more than 15 days, cooling the temperature to room temperature, and reducing the water content to below 30%.

Preferably, the composted masson pine sawdust is masson pine sawdust, an explosion agent, organic nitrogen, straw and a mixed microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio: 100 (5-30) and (1-5) are mixed, fermented for 20-30 days in a composting way, and the temperature is kept above 50 ℃ for more than 10 days.

Preferably, the Chinese chestnut shells subjected to composting are prepared by mixing (1.4-1.9) of Chinese chestnut shells, 0.5-1) of explosive agent, inorganic nitrogen or organic nitrogen and microbial mixed microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 100 (1.4-1.9) and (1-5), composting and fermenting for 20-30 days, maintaining the temperature above 50 ℃ for more than 10 days, cooling the temperature to room temperature, and reducing the water content to below 30%.

Preferably, the piled and rotted pecan shells are pecan shells, a blasting agent, an organic nitrogen and microorganism mixed microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio: 100 (9-15) and (5-30) and (1-5) are mixed, fermented for more than 30 days in a composting way, and the temperature is kept for more than 15 days at more than 50 ℃.

Preferably, the mixed microbial inoculum is tannin, saponin, turpentine, cellulose and lignin degrading bacteria screened by a laboratory, and the ratio of the mixed microbial inoculum is (1-5): 3-5.

Preferably, the tannin degrading bacteria are Aspergillus awamori (Aspergillus awamori, preservation number: CGMCC NO.15862, preservation date: 2018, 5 months and 31 days, preservation unit: CGMCC-China general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing, China).

Preferably, the saponin degrading bacteria are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, preservation number: CGMCC NO.15834, preservation date: 2018, 5 and 31 months, preservation unit: CGMCC-China general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing China) and Meyerozyma guilliermondii (preservation number: CGMCC NO.15835, preservation date: 2018, 5 and 31 months, preservation unit: CGMCC-China general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing China), and the proportion of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is (1-2) and (1-2).

Preferably, the turpentine degrading bacteria are Enterobacter cloacae (preservation number CGMCC NO.15459, preservation date: 3 and 16 years 2018, preservation unit: CGMCC-China general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing China) and Serratia marcescens (preservation number CGMCC NO.15460, preservation date: 3 and 16 days 2018, preservation unit: CGMCC-China general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation address: Beijing China), and the volume ratio of the two is (1-5): 5-1).

Preferably, the cellulose and lignin degrading bacteria are selected from basidiomycetes and phanerochaete chrysosporium in Chinese fir.

The main components of forestry waste are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, wherein the cellulose and the lignin are the most difficult components for degrading and utilizing microorganisms, functional bacteria for degrading the cellulose and the lignin are added in the invention, the degradation rate of the cellulose is more than or equal to 65%, the degradation rate of the hemicellulose is more than or equal to 85%, and the degradation rate of the lignin is more than or equal to 65%. The degradation rate of tannin is more than or equal to 86 percent, the degradation rate of saponin is more than or equal to 76.8 percent, and the degradation rate of turpentine is more than or equal to 63 percent

Compared with the prior dendrobium cultivation substrate, the invention has the following technical characteristics:

the culture medium disclosed by the invention is simple in formula, low in cost, loose, air-permeable and sufficient in nutrients, reduces the content of turpentine in the conventional masson pine sawdust, reduces the content of saponin and tannin in the medium, and effectively improves the taste and quality of dendrobium.

Detailed Description

The following specific examples are further illustrative of the methods and techniques provided by the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention thereto.

For a further understanding of the invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but the description is intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and not to limit the claims thereto.

Example 1

The method comprises the steps of mixing and uniformly stirring 10 parts by mass of piled rotten oil-tea camellia shells and oil-tea camellia meal, 70 parts by mass of piled rotten masson pine wood chips, 10 parts by mass of piled rotten Chinese chestnut shells and 10 parts by mass of piled rotten pecan shells, flatly paving the mixture on bluestone or bricks or potted plants, watering to ensure that the humidity of the mixture is about 60%, and after planting tissue culture dendrobium seedlings or transplanting dendrobium seedlings, the survival rate is 99%, the average plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width and the like are obviously superior to those of other substrates, and the taste of the dendrobium cultivated by the substrate is superior to that of the conventional substrate.

Example 2

30 parts by mass of piled rotten oil-tea camellia shells and oil-tea camellia meal, 50 parts by mass of piled rotten masson pine wood chips, 10 parts by mass of piled rotten Chinese chestnut shells and 10 parts by mass of piled rotten pecan shells are mixed and stirred uniformly, the mixture is laid on bluestone or bricks or potted, watering is carried out to ensure that the humidity of the mixture is about 60%, after tissue culture dendrobium seedlings are planted or dendrobium seedlings are transplanted, the survival rate is 99%, the average plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width and the like are obviously superior to other substrates, and the taste of the dendrobium cultivated by the substrate is superior to that of the conventional substrate.

Example 3

The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing and stirring 20 parts by mass of piled rotten oil-tea camellia shells and oil-tea camellia meal, 40 parts by mass of piled rotten masson pine wood chips, 20 parts by mass of piled rotten Chinese chestnut shells and 20 parts by mass of piled rotten pecan shells, flatly paving the mixture on bluestone or bricks or potting, watering to ensure that the humidity of the mixture is about 60%, and after planting tissue culture dendrobium seedlings or transplanting dendrobium seedlings, the survival rate is 99%, the average plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width and the like are obviously superior to those of other substrates, and the taste of the dendrobium cultivated by the substrate is superior to that of the conventional substrate.

Example 4

40 parts by mass of piled rotten oil-tea camellia shells and oil-tea camellia meal, 30 parts by mass of piled rotten masson pine wood chips, 20 parts by mass of piled rotten Chinese chestnut shells and 10 parts by mass of piled rotten pecan shells are mixed and stirred uniformly, the mixture is laid on bluestone or bricks or potted, watering is carried out to ensure that the humidity of the mixture is about 60%, after tissue culture dendrobium seedlings are planted or dendrobium seedlings are transplanted, the survival rate is 99%, the average plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width and the like are obviously superior to other substrates, and the taste of the dendrobium cultivated by the substrate is superior to that of the conventional substrate.

Example 5

50 parts by mass of piled rotten oil tea shells and oil tea meal, 20 parts by mass of piled rotten masson pine wood chips, 20 parts by mass of piled rotten chestnut shells and 10 parts by mass of piled pecan shells are mixed and stirred uniformly, the mixture is laid on bluestone or bricks or potted, watering is carried out to ensure that the humidity of the mixture is about 60%, after tissue culture dendrobium seedlings are planted or dendrobium seedlings are transplanted, the survival rate is 99%, the average plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width and the like are obviously superior to other substrates, and the taste of the dendrobium cultivated by the substrates is superior to that of the conventional substrates.

The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dendrobium cultivation medium prepared from forestry waste is characterized by consisting of piled decayed oil-tea camellia shells, piled decayed masson pine sawdust, piled decayed Chinese chestnut shells and piled decayed pecan shells, wherein the dendrobium cultivation medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-50%, 30-70%, 10-50% and 10-30%;

the rotten oil tea shells are prepared by mixing (5-30) oil tea shells, an initiating agent, inorganic nitrogen or organic nitrogen and a mixed microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 100 to (2.5-3.2) to (1-5), carrying out rotting fermentation for 1-2 months, maintaining the temperature above 50 ℃ for more than 15 days, cooling the temperature to room temperature, and reducing the water content to below 30% to obtain a product;

the composted masson pine sawdust is prepared from masson pine sawdust, an explosion initiating agent, organic nitrogen, straws and a mixed microbial inoculum by mass: 100 (5-30) and (1-5) are mixed, fermented for 20-30 days in a composting way, and the temperature is kept above 50 ℃ for more than 10 days;

the putrefaction-piled Chinese chestnut shells are prepared by mixing (1.4-1.9) of Chinese chestnut shells, 0.5-1) of an explosion initiating agent, 1-5 of inorganic nitrogen and a microorganism mixed microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 100, fermenting for 20-30 days, maintaining the temperature above 50 ℃ for more than 10 days, cooling to room temperature, and reducing the water content to below 30% to obtain a product;

the piled and rotten hickory nut shell is made of hickory nut shell, a blasting agent, organic nitrogen and a mixed microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio: 100 (9-15) and (5-30) and (1-5) are mixed, fermented for more than 30 days in a composting way, and maintained for more than 15 days at the temperature of more than 50 ℃;

the microorganism mixed bacterial agent is tannin, saponin, turpentine, cellulose and lignin degrading bacteria screened by a laboratory, and the proportion of the mixed bacterial agent is (1-5) to (3-5);

the saponin degrading bacteria are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, preservation number: CGMCC NO.15834) and Meyerozymaguuilermondii (preservation number: CGMCC NO.15835), and the proportion of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the Meyerozymagyligeriermondii is (1-2) to (1-2); the tannin degrading bacteria are Aspergillus awamori (the preservation number is CGMCC NO. 15862);

the turpentine degrading bacteria are Enterobacter cloacae (preservation number CGMCC NO.15459) and serratia marcescens (preservation number CGMCC NO.15460), and the volume ratio of the two is (1-5): (5-1);

the cellulose and lignin degrading bacteria are basidiomycetes and phanerochaete chrysosporium screened from Chinese fir.

2. The dendrobium cultivation medium according to claim 1, wherein the blasting agent is one or a mixture of more of oil tea meal, bean pulp, livestock and poultry manure, mushroom dregs and brown granulated sugar.