CN110622824A - Vegetable seedling culture medium prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes - Google Patents
Vegetable seedling culture medium prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vegetable seedling substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes, which comprises, by mass, 30-40 parts of wood chips, 20-30 parts of straws, 10-20 parts of retted barks, 10-20 parts of decomposed cow dung, 10-20 parts of perlite, 10-20 parts of coconut residues, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of mushroom residues, 5-10 parts of furnace slag, 5-10 parts of fermentation bacteria, 3 ~ 5 parts of urea, 3 ~ 5 parts of vinasse, 3 ~ 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate and a proper amount of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a vegetable seedling culture medium prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes.
Background
With the rapid development of agricultural substrates in China, the vegetable seedling culture is gradually developed to the industrialized production path, and the traditional seedling culture mode is gradually replaced by the vegetable seedling culture, the seedling culture quality and the seedling culture speed are greatly improved due to scientific management and the improvement of the modern seedling culture technology, however, the vegetable seedling culture technology in China still has a large development space, and the development of the excellent seedling culture substrate can effectively promote the development of the seedling culture industry. At present, most of seedling raising substrates in China are grass peat, vermiculite and other materials which are mixed according to a certain proportion, the grass peat is a special product formed by long development and succession in a marsh environment, contains rich nutrient substances, can meet the nutritional requirements of various crops during seedling raising, due to the characteristic that the turf is non-renewable, the industrialized seedling culture is further concerned along with the popularization of the vegetable seedling culture industrialization in recent years, the demand of seedling culture substrates is more and more increased, however, the turf as a high-quality seedling culture substrate is exploited and utilized by people in recent years, the use of the grass peat not only can cause the damage to the living environment of animals and plants, but also indirectly influences the future development of the vegetable seedling industrialization due to the continuous exhaustion of the grass peat resource, therefore, how to develop a seedling substrate capable of replacing turf has become an urgent problem.
A large amount of agricultural and forestry wastes are generated in China every year, and different regions have the problem that different types of agricultural organic wastes cannot be treated based on the problem of regional difference. With the enhancement of environmental awareness of people, the demand of vegetable seedling raising substrates is continuously expanded, more and more researches are beginning to focus on agricultural and forestry wastes which can be obtained from local resources, if such agricultural and forestry organic wastes are widely applied to vegetable seedling raising production technologies, on one hand, the problem of recycling of resources of the agricultural wastes is solved, on the other hand, the agricultural and forestry wastes are convenient to obtain and wide in source, so that the application of the agricultural and forestry wastes can effectively improve the agricultural labor productivity and the land yield, the vegetable industrialized seedling raising really achieves the advantages of saving labor, saving time, being high in efficiency and low in cost, the pollution of vegetable crops by soil harmful substances can be reduced, and the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced.
Chinese patent application No. CN201410595210.X discloses a vegetable seedling substrate mainly made of livestock and poultry manure and a preparation method thereof, the vegetable seedling substrate is composed of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, vermiculite, perlite and grass peat, and the vegetable seedling substrate is too simple in components, less in nutritional ingredients and free of reduction in utilization of non-renewable resources such as the grass peat.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide the vegetable seedling substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes, which has the advantages of light weight, easy transportation, small volume weight, convenient and easily obtained substrate raw materials, good total porosity, air permeability porosity and water retention porosity, favorable holding capacity and water retention capacity of the substrate on vegetables, simple process, low price and environmental protection, screens out a proper formula capable of replacing the traditional seedling substrate from the aspect of resource utilization of the agricultural and forestry wastes by mixing the agricultural and forestry wastes with other materials and combining a plug seedling mode, effectively reduces the cost of the seedling substrate, improves the seedling quality, provides a new direction for the treatment of the agricultural and forestry wastes, reduces the use amount of non-renewable resources, realizes the comprehensive utilization of the agricultural and forestry wastes, and creates economic value and ecological value for the society, has wide application prospect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a vegetable seedling raising matrix prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of sawdust, 20-30 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of retted bark, 10-20 parts of decomposed cattle manure, 10-20 parts of perlite, 10-20 parts of coconut husk, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of mushroom residue, 5-10 parts of furnace slag, 5-10 parts of fermentation microbial inoculum, 3-5 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of vinasse, 3-5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and a proper amount of water.
Further, the vegetable seedling raising substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32-35 parts of wood chips, 24-28 parts of straws, 10-12 parts of retted barks, 15-18 parts of decomposed cattle manure, 15-18 parts of perlite, 12-15 parts of coconut coir, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 6-9 parts of mushroom residues, 5-7 parts of furnace slag, 5-7 parts of fermentation bacteria, 4-5 parts of urea, 4-5 parts of vinasse, 3-4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and a proper amount of water.
Moisture and nutrient substances required in the life activities of the vegetables are provided by the vegetable seedling substrate, so that the growth condition of the seedlings is directly influenced by the quality of the vegetable seedling substrate, and the physicochemical property is a key index for evaluating the quality of the substrate. In the formula of the invention, the selected agricultural and forestry wastes such as wood chips, straws, barks, cow dung, mushroom residues and the like have stable physicochemical properties, have stronger water and fertilizer retention capacity, are free from diseases and insect damages, can provide nutritional conditions and environment required by normal life of vegetables, and have low price and low pollution. The cow dung contains more nutrients after being fermented and decomposed, but cannot be used for raising seedlings independently due to high conductivity, and can be used with other materials in the formula in a synergistic manner to overcome the defects. Similarly, the mushroom residue can not be directly used as a substrate due to high content of nitrogen and phosphorus, and can be used together with other materials in the formula to remove the defects. Moreover, compared with the traditional peat substrate, the coconut coir used as the seedling substrate material has the advantages of low cost, moderate volume weight, good porosity and water retention, capability of absorbing more water, good ventilation, strong buffering capacity, moderate pH value, naturalness, environmental protection, no harmful substance and benefit for the growth of the root system of the vegetable in the seedling stage; distiller's grains are by-products of the wine industry, and are rich in crude protein, crude fiber, amino acids, and nutrient elements necessary for crop growth. Perlite and vermiculite are used as inorganic components in the seedling culture substrate, the function of adjusting the porosity and humidity of the substrate to prevent the substrate from hardening is achieved, and the urea and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer enable the nutrient components of the substrate to be more reasonable.
Furthermore, the wood chips comprise China fir wood chips, pine wood chips and oak wood chips in a mass ratio of 2:1: 1.
Further, the vegetable seedling raising substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes is characterized in that the straws are corn straw bast fibers, and the corn straw bast fibers are composed of the following components in percentage by mass: d is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 2mm, and accounts for 80 percent, d is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 3mm, and accounts for 20 percent.
The straw is corn straw bast fiber which contains rich nutrient substances, and is formed by controlling the grain diameter of the corn straw bast fiber, so that the straw can be better mixed with other materials in a formula, and the efficiency of sterilization, disinfection and insect egg removal can be improved in fermentation treatment.
Further, the retted bark is masson pine bark, and the grain size of the masson pine bark is 2-4 mm.
The matrix raw materials are generally obtained by local materials, so that the production cost is reduced, and the like, for example, in southern areas, the masson pine is more, namely, the masson pine bark is common forestry waste.
Furthermore, the vegetable seedling raising substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes is prepared from one or more of needle mushroom residues, straw mushroom residues, kou mushroom and oyster mushroom, and the particle size of the mushroom residues is 0.1-0.2 mm.
Further, the vegetable seedling substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry waste comprises a primary fermentation microbial inoculum, a secondary fermentation microbial inoculum and wheat bran, wherein the primary fermentation microbial inoculum is basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma viride, chaetomium globosum and thermobifida fusca, and the secondary fermentation microbial inoculum is halophilic bacteria, basophilic bacteria, azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium, monospore bacteria, aspergillus oryzae, polyspora parvum, streptomyces griseus and bacillus thuringiensis.
Further, the preparation method of the vegetable seedling substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) treating raw materials: crushing and sieving the wood chips, the straws, the retted barks, the perlite, the coconut chaff, the vermiculite, the mushroom dregs and the furnace slag; the sawdust and the coconut coir are subjected to insolation disinfection treatment before use; adding phosphate fertilizer into the straws, fully decomposing, and storing for later use; leaching the slag before fermentation; and the primary fermentation microbial inoculum and the secondary fermentation microbial inoculum in the fermentation microbial inoculum are added into the wheat bran step by step for fermentation.
(2) Mixing raw materials: mixing wood chips, straws, retted barks, decomposed cattle manure, perlite, coconut residues, vermiculite, mushroom residues, furnace slag and water according to the formula amount to obtain a matrix;
(3) fermenting a substrate: measuring the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the substrate, re-mixing, adding urea during mixing, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, adding a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer according to the growth requirement of crops, and adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and water; bagging by using a woven bag with the size of 1m multiplied by 0.5m, stacking into a rectangular pile, covering by using plastic cloth, periodically supplementing water, turning the pile once for 10 days, measuring the temperature of the pile every two days after fermentation until the temperature is not changed, and finishing fermentation when the temperature is not increased after the pile is turned over to obtain the vegetable seedling culture substrate.
The preparation method of the vegetable seedling substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes is simple in process, high in operation elasticity and easy to popularize, and the prepared vegetable seedling substrate is reasonable in nutritional components, can better fix and support the growth of seedlings, and can improve the sufficient nutrient source for the growth of the seedlings. Wherein, the content and proportion of the nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and other absorbable major elements in the vegetables in the substrate are important basis for substrate preparation and later-period cultivation management.
Further, in the step (3), the water content of the pile is 60-70%.
Furthermore, the vegetable seedling substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes has the volume weight of 0.5-0.7cm-3。
The bulk density of the matrix can reflect the tightness degree of the matrix, the proper bulk density is favorable for the stability of plant roots, the excessive or too small bulk density is not favorable for plant growth, the excessive bulk density causes poor air permeability and water permeability of the matrix, the too small bulk density can cause plants to be prone to lodging, and when the bulk density of the vegetable seedling matrix is 0.5-0.7cm-3The seedling raising effect is optimal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the vegetable seedling substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes disclosed by the invention is suitable in volume weight, convenient and easily available in substrate raw materials, good in total porosity, air permeability porosity and water retention porosity, beneficial to the vegetable fixing capacity and water retention capacity of the substrate and wide in application prospect;
(2) the vegetable seedling culture substrate prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes is simple in process, low in price and environment-friendly, and from the aspect of resource utilization of the agricultural and forestry wastes, the appropriate formula capable of replacing the conventional seedling culture substrate is screened out by mixing the agricultural and forestry wastes with other materials and combining a plug seedling culture mode, so that the cost of the seedling culture substrate is effectively reduced, the seedling quality is improved, a new direction is provided for the treatment of the agricultural and forestry wastes, the use amount of non-renewable resources can be reduced, the comprehensive utilization of the agricultural and forestry wastes is realized, and the economic value and the ecological value are created for the society;
(3) the vegetable seedling culture medium prepared from the agricultural and forestry wastes is reasonable in nutrient components, can better fix and support the growth of seedlings, and can improve the sufficient nutrient source for the growth of the seedlings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific experimental data, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Crushing and sieving sawdust, straw, retted bark, perlite, coconut coir, vermiculite, mushroom slag and furnace slag, wherein the sawdust comprises China fir sawdust, pine sawdust and oak sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1: 1; the straw is corn straw bast fiber, has a particle size and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: d is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 2mm and accounts for 80 percent, d is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 3mm and accounts for 20 percent; retting the bark to obtain masson pine bark, wherein the particle size of the masson pine bark is 2-4 mm; the mushroom residue is one or more of needle mushroom residue, straw mushroom residue, kou mushroom, and oyster mushroom, and the particle size of the mushroom residue is 0.1-0.2 mm.
And the sawdust and coconut husk are subjected to insolation disinfection treatment before use; adding phosphate fertilizer into the straws, fully decomposing, and storing for later use; leaching the slag before fermentation.
In addition, the fermentation inoculum comprises a primary fermentation inoculum, a secondary fermentation inoculum and wheat bran, wherein the primary fermentation inoculum comprises basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma viride, chaetomium globosum and thermobifida fusca, and the secondary fermentation inoculum comprises halophil, basophil, azotobacter chroococcum, megaterium, monospore bacteria, aspergillus oryzae, microsporum cerealis, streptomyces griseus and bacillus thuringiensis. And adding the primary fermentation microbial inoculum and the secondary fermentation microbial inoculum in the fermentation microbial inoculum into the wheat bran step by step for fermentation.
Further, mixing 32 parts of wood chips, 24 parts of straws, 10 parts of retted barks, 15 parts of decomposed cattle manure, 15 parts of perlite, 12 parts of coconut husk, 6 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of mushroom residues, 5 parts of furnace slag, 5 parts of fermentation inoculum, 4 parts of vinasse and a proper amount of water according to the formula amount to obtain a matrix;
further, measuring the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the substrate, remixing, adding urea during mixing, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, adding a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer according to the growth requirement of crops, adding a zymogen agent and water, wherein the water content is 60-70 percent, and the volume weight is 0.5-0.7cm-3(ii) a Bagging by using a woven bag with the size of 1m multiplied by 0.5m, stacking into a rectangular pile, covering by using plastic cloth, periodically supplementing water, turning the pile once for 10 days, measuring the temperature of the pile every two days after fermentation until the temperature is not changed, and finishing fermentation when the temperature is not increased after the pile is turned over to obtain the vegetable seedling culture substrate.
Example 2
Crushing and sieving sawdust, straw, retted bark, perlite, coconut coir, vermiculite, mushroom slag and furnace slag, wherein the sawdust comprises China fir sawdust, pine sawdust and oak sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1: 1; the straw is corn straw bast fiber, has a particle size and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: d is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 2mm and accounts for 80 percent, d is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 3mm and accounts for 20 percent; retting the bark to obtain masson pine bark, wherein the particle size of the masson pine bark is 2-4 mm; the mushroom residue is one or more of needle mushroom residue, straw mushroom residue, kou mushroom, and oyster mushroom, and the particle size of the mushroom residue is 0.1-0.2 mm.
And the sawdust and coconut husk are subjected to insolation disinfection treatment before use; adding phosphate fertilizer into the straws, fully decomposing, and storing for later use; leaching the slag before fermentation.
In addition, the fermentation inoculum comprises a primary fermentation inoculum, a secondary fermentation inoculum and wheat bran, wherein the primary fermentation inoculum comprises basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma viride, chaetomium globosum and thermobifida fusca, and the secondary fermentation inoculum comprises halophil, basophil, azotobacter chroococcum, megaterium, monospore bacteria, aspergillus oryzae, microsporum cerealis, streptomyces griseus and bacillus thuringiensis. And adding the primary fermentation microbial inoculum and the secondary fermentation microbial inoculum in the fermentation microbial inoculum into the wheat bran step by step for fermentation.
Further, according to the formula amount, 35 parts of wood chips, 28 parts of straws, 12 parts of retted barks, 18 parts of decomposed cattle manure, 18 parts of perlite, 12 parts of coconut residues, 6 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of mushroom residues, 5 parts of furnace slag, 5 parts of fermentation inoculum, 4 parts of vinasse and a proper amount of water are mixed to obtain a matrix;
further, measuring the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the substrate, remixing, adding urea during mixing, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, adding a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer according to the growth requirement of crops, adding a zymogen agent and water, wherein the water content is 60-70 percent, and the volume weight is 0.5-0.7cm-3(ii) a Packaging with 1m × 0.5m woven bag, stacking into rectangular pile, covering with plastic cloth, periodically supplementing water, turning over for 10 days, measuring the temperature of the pile every two days after fermentation until the temperature is not changed, and increasing when the temperature is not increased after turning overAnd obtaining the vegetable seedling raising substrate after the fermentation is finished.
Example 3
Crushing and sieving sawdust, straw, retted bark, perlite, coconut coir, vermiculite, mushroom slag and furnace slag, wherein the sawdust comprises China fir sawdust, pine sawdust and oak sawdust in a mass ratio of 2:1: 1; the straw is corn straw bast fiber, has a particle size and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: d is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 2mm and accounts for 80 percent, d is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 3mm and accounts for 20 percent; retting the bark to obtain masson pine bark, wherein the particle size of the masson pine bark is 2-4 mm; the mushroom residue is one or more of needle mushroom residue, straw mushroom residue, kou mushroom, and oyster mushroom, and the particle size of the mushroom residue is 0.1-0.2 mm.
And the sawdust and coconut husk are subjected to insolation disinfection treatment before use; adding phosphate fertilizer into the straws, fully decomposing, and storing for later use; leaching the slag before fermentation.
In addition, the fermentation inoculum comprises a primary fermentation inoculum, a secondary fermentation inoculum and wheat bran, wherein the primary fermentation inoculum comprises basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma viride, chaetomium globosum and thermobifida fusca, and the secondary fermentation inoculum comprises halophil, basophil, azotobacter chroococcum, megaterium, monospore bacteria, aspergillus oryzae, microsporum cerealis, streptomyces griseus and bacillus thuringiensis. And adding the primary fermentation microbial inoculum and the secondary fermentation microbial inoculum in the fermentation microbial inoculum into the wheat bran step by step for fermentation.
Further, mixing 33 parts of wood chips, 25 parts of straws, 11 parts of retted barks, 16 parts of decomposed cattle manure, 16 parts of perlite, 15 parts of coconut residues, 7 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of mushroom residues, 6 parts of furnace slag, 6 parts of fermentation inoculum, 5 parts of vinasse and a proper amount of water according to the formula amount to obtain a matrix;
further, measuring the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the substrate, remixing, adding urea during mixing, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, adding a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer according to the growth requirement of crops, adding a zymogen agent and water, wherein the water content is 60-70 percent, and the volume weight is 0.5-0.7cm-3(ii) a Packaging with 1m × 0.5m woven bagStacking the materials into a rectangular stack, covering the stack with plastic cloth, periodically supplementing water, turning the stack once in 10 days, measuring the temperature of the stack every two days after fermentation until the temperature is not changed, and ending the fermentation when the temperature is not increased after the stack is turned over to obtain the vegetable seedling substrate.
Effect verification:
the vegetable seedling raising substrates 1, 2 and 3 obtained in the above examples 1, 2 and 3 were used in seedling raising tests, and two vegetable crops, cucumber and tomato, were selected for the comparative substrate seedling raising test, and subjected to plug seedling tests.
Cucumber plug seedling test: the test is carried out in a climatic chamber, the temperature in the daytime is 28 ℃, the temperature at night is 18 ℃, and the humidity is 65-70%. Firstly, selecting plump and tidy cucumber seeds, soaking the seeds in hot water at 55 ℃ for 10min, continuously soaking the seeds for 6-8 h when the water temperature is gradually reduced until the room temperature (20-25 ℃), and then placing the seeds in an incubator for accelerating germination. After germination accelerating, selecting seeds with consistent germination for dibbling, sowing one seed in each hole, watering thoroughly after sowing, covering with film, watering clear water every 1 day after uncovering the film, selecting 50 holes for disc seedling culture in the test, repeating for 3 times, completely randomly arranging, sampling 9 plants at 35d after sowing, and respectively measuring the plant height, stem thickness, dry weight, leaf number, strong seedling index, G value and root-crown ratio of the cucumber seedling.
Tomato seedling effect comparative test: the germination accelerating and sowing modes are the same as those of a cucumber plug seedling test, the random arrangement is completely realized, the repetition is carried out for 3 times, 9 plants are sampled randomly in each treatment, and the plant height, the stem thickness, the dry weight, the leaf number, the strong seedling index, the G value and the root-crown ratio of the cucumber seedling are respectively measured 45 days after the sowing.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different vegetable substrates on the growth and development of cucumber and tomato seedlings
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vegetable seedling raising substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes is characterized by comprising, by mass, 30-40 parts of sawdust, 20-30 parts of straws, 10-20 parts of retted barks, 10-20 parts of decomposed cattle manure, 10-20 parts of perlite, 10-20 parts of coconut residues, 5-10 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of mushroom residues, 5-10 parts of furnace slag, 5-10 parts of fermentation inoculum, 3 ~ 5 parts of urea, 3 ~ 5 parts of vinasse, 3 ~ 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate and a proper amount of water.
2. A vegetable seedling raising substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising, by mass, 32-35 parts of wood chips, 24-28 parts of straws, 10-12 parts of retted barks, 15-18 parts of decomposed cow dung, 15-18 parts of perlite, 12-15 parts of coconut coir, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 6-9 parts of mushroom residues, 5-7 parts of furnace slag, 5-7 parts of fermentation bacteria, 5 parts of urea 4 ~ 5, 4 ~ 5 parts of vinasse, 3 ~ 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate and a proper amount of water.
3. A vegetable seedling raising substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry waste, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wood chips comprise China fir wood chips, pine wood chips and oak wood chips in a mass ratio of 2:1: 1.
4. A vegetable seedling raising substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straws are corn straw bast fibers, and the corn straw bast fibers have a particle size which is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: d is more than or equal to 1mm and less than or equal to 2mm, and accounts for 80 percent, d is more than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 3mm, and accounts for 20 percent.
5. A vegetable seedling substrate prepared from forestry and agricultural residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the retted bark is masson pine bark having a particle size of 2-4 mm.
6. A vegetable seedling substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom residues are one or more of needle mushroom residues, straw mushroom residues, kou mushroom and oyster mushroom, and the particle size of the mushroom residues is 0.1-0.2 mm.
7. The vegetable seedling substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation inoculum comprises a primary fermentation inoculum, a secondary fermentation inoculum and wheat bran, the primary fermentation inoculum comprises basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma viride, chaetomium globosum and thermobifida fusca, and the secondary fermentation inoculum comprises halophilum, alcalophilus, azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium, monospore bacteria, aspergillus oryzae, microsporopsis, streptomyces griseus and bacillus thuringiensis.
8. A method for preparing a vegetable seedling substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry waste according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:
(1) treating raw materials: crushing and sieving the wood chips, the straws, the retted barks, the perlite, the coconut chaff, the vermiculite, the mushroom dregs and the furnace slag; the sawdust and the coconut coir are subjected to insolation disinfection treatment before use; adding phosphate fertilizer into the straws, fully decomposing, and storing for later use; leaching the slag before fermentation; the primary fermentation microbial inoculum and the secondary fermentation microbial inoculum in the fermentation microbial inoculum are added into the wheat bran step by step for fermentation;
(2) mixing raw materials: mixing wood chips, straws, retted barks, decomposed cattle manure, perlite, coconut residues, vermiculite, mushroom residues, furnace slag and water according to the formula amount to obtain a matrix;
(3) fermenting a substrate: measuring the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the substrate, re-mixing, adding urea during mixing, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, adding a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer according to the growth requirement of crops, and adding a fermentation microbial inoculum and water; bagging by using a woven bag with the size of 1m multiplied by 0.5m, stacking into a rectangular pile, covering by using plastic cloth, periodically supplementing water, turning the pile once for 10 days, measuring the temperature of the pile every two days after fermentation until the temperature is not changed, and finishing fermentation when the temperature is not increased after the pile is turned over to obtain the vegetable seedling culture substrate.
9. A vegetable seedling substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry waste according to claim 8, wherein in the step (3), the moisture content of the pile is 60% -70%.
10. A vegetable seedling substrate prepared from agricultural and forestry waste as claimed in claim 8, wherein the vegetable seedling substrate has a volume weight of 0.5-0.7cm-3。
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| CN112673926A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-04-20 | 内蒙古多维尔生物科技股份有限公司 | Perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191231 |