CN104193508A - Method for preparing composite organic type environment-friendly seedling culture medium block - Google Patents
Method for preparing composite organic type environment-friendly seedling culture medium block Download PDFInfo
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- CN104193508A CN104193508A CN201410398856.9A CN201410398856A CN104193508A CN 104193508 A CN104193508 A CN 104193508A CN 201410398856 A CN201410398856 A CN 201410398856A CN 104193508 A CN104193508 A CN 104193508A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a composite organic type environment-friendly seedling culture medium block. The method comprises the following steps: performing biological fermentation treatment on stems and leaves of bananas and pineapples by using a composite fermentation bacterial agent so as to obtain an ideal seedling culture host material, subsequently mixing the seedling culture host material with coco coir, and adding an adhesive for curing and formation, thereby preparing the composite organic type environment-friendly seedling culture medium block. The composite organic type environment-friendly seedling culture medium block prepared by using the method is light in weight and good in physical property, the permeability, the nutrient content and the physical property of the medium block are all superior to those of peat, and the effect of the medium block is also superior to that of peat when being used for a growth experiment of vegetable seedling culture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seedling medium technical field, particularly a kind ofly utilize discarded banana pineapple stem and leaf to produce the preparation method who is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block.
Background technology
Matrix is mainly divided into inorganic and organic two large classes at present, and general inorganic type matrix is rock wool both at home and abroad, and organic type matrix is peat.But the former becomes solid waste at nature hard degradation after growing seedlings, and causes environmental pollution; The a large amount of exploitation of the latter caused the irreversible destruction of earth Wetlands ecosystems; Therefore, consider from the angle of economy, resource, environment sustainable development, utilize a kind of application feature of the agricultural plants development of resources widely of originating suitable with peat, reproducible alternative matrix seems very urgent and necessary.
As large agricultural country, in China's agricultural production process, can produce the waste of a large amount of abundant species, wherein the output of the cauline leaf etc. " byproduct " of banana pineapple in producing is also very many, as a kind of special agricultural resource, banana pineapple stem and leaf contains abundant nutritive ingredient, and owing to containing a large amount of structure of fibrous tissue, its physical behavior and biological characteristics are applicable to doing substrate material very much.But in actual production, often arbitrarily thrown aside, the significant wastage that this has caused resource virtually, is unfavorable for agriculture Sustainable Healthy Development.Meanwhile, due to developing rapidly of domestic and international flower plants and nursery stock industry, be on the verge of exhaustion as the peat resource of current main organic substrate, all in succession formulated the relevant excessive development and utilization of laws and regulations restriction peat resource both at home and abroad.Therefore, a large amount of banana pineapple stem and leaf wastes is developed as to peat substitute, not only can promotes the cycling and reutilization of waste material, and can also significantly reduce substrate culture cost, there is important researching value and realistic meaning.
The cultivation matrix 95% that current domestic vegetables, fruit tree, flower seed plantlet are cultivated remains the organic matrix that uses peat soil or import, compared with producing fertilizer with agricultural wastes, the research of organic substrate is less, and product fails to form commercialization and batch production is produced.Its technical bottleneck is to adopt traditional composting technology can not control the degree of decomposition of agricultural plants waste to agricultural plants waste, and conventional aerobic composting process is also difficult to High-efficient Production matrix product.The present invention, by banana pineapple stem and leaf is carried out to biological fermentation processing, develops compression light ground mass piece, reaches saving of work and time while growing seedlings, simple to operate, economize on kind, tape base field planting, need not delay seedling, nutrient equilibrium, the effect of improvement soil.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of preparation method who is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block is provided.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A preparation method who is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block, comprises the following steps:
(1) banana pineapple stem and leaf compost: after banana pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized, mixed with chicken manure, add the banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent that contains viride, Bacillus subtillis, aspergillus niger, hot purple streptomycete, stack retting 8～15 days, dry, pulverize, obtain banana pineapple stem and leaf compost;
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: banana pineapple stem and leaf compost and proper amount of coconut chaff are mixed, obtain composite interstitial substance;
(3) solidifying of matrix: add appropriate polyvinyl alcohol in composite interstitial substance, spray borax soln, curing molding, makes and be compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block.
Preferably, the weight ratio of viride, Bacillus subtillis, aspergillus niger, hot purple streptomycete thalline is 1～2:2～3:1～3:2～3.
Preferably, the ratio that the mixing thalline of viride, aspergillus oryzae, subtilis, hot purple streptomycete is not less than to 200,000,000 total number of viable in every gram of carrier is adsorbed onto on carrier, makes complex ferment microbial inoculum.
Preferably, step (1), banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent addition be banana pineapple stem and leaf and chicken manure weight and 0.1～0.3 %.
Preferably, step (1), pulverizes banana pineapple stem and leaf, mix with chicken manure, regulates C/N ratio to 20～40:1, and the control of heap body humidity is 60～70%.
Preferably, step (1), turning is carried out 1～2 time in temperature rise to 65 during stack retting～70 DEG C.
Preferably, step (2), the weight ratio of banana pineapple stem and leaf compost and coconut palm chaff is 5～7:3～5.
Preferably, step (3), the weight ratio of composite interstitial substance and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:0.1～0.3.
Preferably, step (3), the concentration of borax soln is 0.8～1.2wt%.
Preferably, step (3), borax soln is 70～90% of composite interstitial substance weight.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) first the present invention utilizes banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent that banana pineapple stem and leaf is carried out to biological fermentation processing, makes it to become desirable seedling matrix material.Fermentation period shortens greatly, and heap body heat-up rate is fast, and the high temperature hold-time is long, and the nutrient content of gained compost is better than peat.
(2) lightweight, the good physical performance of the prepared seedling culturing substrate block of the present invention, its permeability, nutrient content, physical behavior are all better than peat, the growth test by this substrate block for grow seedlings of vegetable, effect is also better than peat.
(3) seedling culturing substrate block that prepared by the present invention can be widely used in various crop grows seedlings, grow seedlings simple to operate, and convenient management, seedling stage is without fertilising, and the seedling of incubation is healthy and strong neat, after field planting without slow seedling, root system is easy to penetrate, form firmly root ball with matrix, after seedling, can be with piece to transplant, greatly improved working efficiency, reduce costs, and matrix is lightweight, the transport that is easy to carry, has good application and marketing prospect.
(4) seedling culturing substrate block of the present invention is to make full use of discarded banana pineapple stem and leaf to carry out biological fermentation and make, solve on the one hand agricultural environment pollution, make on the other hand the nutrient being rich in discarded banana pineapple stem and leaf obtain recycle, for the recycling economy development of banana pineapple industry provides new approaches.
Embodiment
First the present invention utilizes banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent that banana pineapple stem and leaf is carried out to biological fermentation processing, make it to become desirable seedling matrix material, and as main raw material, through scientific and reasonable preparation, the high molecular polymer that adds nontoxic environmental protection carries out bonding, curing, moulding, produce lightweight, adapt to seedling medium wide, organic environment-friendly.Concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) prepare banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent:
The present invention filters out viride, Bacillus subtillis, aspergillus niger, the composite banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent that obtains of hot purple streptomycete.Above-mentioned bacterial classification is carried out respectively to single culture, and thalline mixes after drying in proportion, is inoculated in absorption carrier, obtains complex ferment microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the preparation method of banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent of the present invention is as described below.
1. slant culture
Four kinds of bacterium connect respectively inclined-plane, cultivate 30 hours, then join in sterilized water, vibrate 30 minutes, obtain bacteria suspension;
2. the cultivation of bacterial classification
The substratum (weight part) of Trichoderma: 85～90 parts, wheat bran, 7.0～12 parts of straw powder, 2.5～4.0 parts of Semen Maydis powder, 0.5～1.0 part, urea.26～34 DEG C of culture temperature, cultivate 72 hours from being inoculated into long spore.
The substratum (weight part) of subtilis: 0.2～0.3 part of extractum carnis, 0.5～1.0 part of peptone, 0.3～0.6 part of sucrose, 0.2～0.5 part of NaCl.45～60 DEG C of culture temperature, cultivate 12～24 hours.
The substratum of aspergillus niger adopts comprehensive potato culture or improvement Martin nutrient agar: 20% potato juice 1L, glucose 20g, KH
2pO
43g, MgSO
47H
2o 1.5g, sulfanilamide (SN) element 8mg, agar 20g, pH 6.0.20% potato juice compound method: remove 200 grams of skin potatos, be cut into small pieces, add water 1000 milliliters and boil 20 minutes, elimination potato ball, supplies 1000 milliliters by filtrate.25～28 DEG C of culture temperature, incubation time 7～10 days.
The substratum of the purple streptomycete of heat: yeast powder 4g, malt extract 10g, glucose 4g, distilled water 1L, agar 20g, pH7.3.Culture temperature: 25～28 DEG C, incubation time 5～7 days.
3. the preparation of complex ferment microbial inoculum
Above-mentioned cultured bacterial classification is washed from substratum respectively, after oven dry, the ratio of 1～2 part of viride, 2～3 parts of Bacillus subtillis, 1～3 part of aspergillus niger, 2～3 parts of hot purple streptomycetes mixes by weight, the ratio that is not less than 200,000,000 total number of viable in every gram of carrier is adsorbed onto on carrier, makes banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent.
Preferably, described carrier is one or more combination of zeolite, wheat bran, bone meal, rice bran.Preferred, carrier is that weight ratio is wheat bran and the rice bran of 1:1.
Preferably, viride: aspergillus niger: subtilis: hot purple streptomycete=1:3:3:3.
(2) banana pineapple stem and leaf compost:
Banana pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized, is mixed with chicken manure, regulate C/N than to 20～40:1, add banana pineapple stem and leaf and chicken manure weight and 0.1～0.3% banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent, mix, carry out stack retting.The control of heap body humidity is 60～70%.Heap temperature rises to 70 DEG C and carries out turning 1～2 time.Stack retting can become thoroughly decomposed for 8～15 days, after stack retting finishes, dries, and pulverizes, and obtains banana pineapple stem and leaf compost.
During stack retting, heap body top temperature reaches 72 DEG C, and heap body more than 65 DEG C can keep 5～7 days.The indices of gained banana pineapple stem and leaf compost meets the requirement (in butt) of organic substrate: full nitrogen higher than 2.5%, available phosphorus higher than 1.2%, available potassium is higher than 7.1%, organic higher than 57%, nutrient content is better than peat.
(3) preparation composite interstitial substance:
Taking banana pineapple stem and leaf compost as main raw, be optimized proportioning according to the physico-chemical property of banana pineapple stem and leaf compost and coconut palm chaff, preparation can replace the seedling medium of peat, reduces seedling cost.The weight ratio of banana pineapple stem and leaf compost and coconut palm chaff is preferably 5～7:3～5.
(4) solidifying of matrix:
The additive of high-quality environment-friendly type organic culture substrate must have safety non-toxic, pollution-free, can natural degradation in soil, low price, the feature such as easy to use, the present invention adopts biodegradable polymer polyvinyl alcohol as matrix binder, be added in above-mentioned composite interstitial substance, make matrix bonding and curing.The weight ratio of matrix and polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 1:0.2～0.4.After matrix and polyvinyl alcohol fully mix, spray the borax soln of 0.8～1.2wt% concentration, make it curing, be then pressed into different shapes, after drying, make seedling culturing substrate block.Preferably, borax soln is 70～90% of composite interstitial substance weight.
The seedling culturing substrate block that the present invention is prepared, pH value, EC value, organic matter, humic acid, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, available nitrogen, available potassium, available potassium indices all meet the use range of organic substrate, and wherein permeability, nutrient content, physical behavior are all better than peat.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth content of the present invention, but be not limited to this.
embodiment 1
Cultured bacterial classification is washed from substratum respectively, after oven dry, viride by weight: aspergillus oryzae: subtilis: the ratio of hot purple streptomycete=1:3:3:3 mixes, be adsorbed onto (wheat bran: rice bran=1:1) on carrier in the ratio of every gram of carrier 200,000,000 total number of viable, make banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent.
embodiment 2
Viride by weight: aspergillus oryzae: subtilis: the ratio of hot purple streptomycete=1:2:1:2 mixes, be adsorbed onto (wheat bran: rice bran=1:1) on carrier in the ratio of every gram of carrier 2.6 hundred million total number of viable, make banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent.
embodiment 3
Viride by weight: aspergillus oryzae: subtilis: the ratio of hot purple streptomycete=2:3:3:3 mixes, be adsorbed onto (wheat bran: rice bran=1:1) on carrier in the ratio of every gram of carrier 2.2 hundred million total number of viable, make banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent.
embodiment 4
Preparation is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block:
(1) banana pineapple stem and leaf compost: banana pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized, mixed with chicken manure, regulate C/N than for after 25:1, add complex ferment microbial inoculum prepared by 0.2% embodiment 1, carry out pile fermentation, the control of heap body humidity is 60～70%.During stack retting, temperature rise to 70 DEG C carries out turning 1～2 time.Stack retting finishes fermentation in 8 days, dries, and pulverizes and sieves, and removes foreign material and agglomerate body, obtains banana pineapple stem and leaf compost.
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: banana pineapple stem and leaf compost and commercially available coconut palm chaff are mixed with weight ratio 5:5, obtain composite interstitial substance.
(3) solidifying of matrix: to the polyvinyl alcohol that adds 10% weight in composite interstitial substance, fully mix, spraying weight is the borax soln of the 0.8wt% concentration of composite interstitial substance 70%, spray limit, limit is stirred, make it fluffy gel solidification, then use the press compression moulding of different moulds, make seedling culturing substrate block.
embodiment 5
Preparation is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block:
(1) banana pineapple stem and leaf compost: banana pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized, mixed with chicken manure, regulate C/N than for after 30:1, add complex ferment microbial inoculum prepared by 0.1% embodiment 2, carry out pile fermentation, the control of heap body humidity is 60～70%.During stack retting, temperature rise to 65 DEG C carries out turning 1～2 time.Stack retting finishes fermentation in 15 days, dries, and pulverizes and sieves, and removes foreign material and agglomerate body, obtains banana pineapple stem and leaf compost.
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: banana pineapple stem and leaf compost and commercially available coconut palm chaff are mixed with weight ratio 6:4, obtain composite interstitial substance.
(3) solidifying of matrix: to the polyvinyl alcohol that adds 20% weight in composite interstitial substance, fully mix, spraying weight is the borax soln of the 1wt% concentration of composite interstitial substance 80%, spray limit, limit is stirred, make it fluffy gel solidification, then use the press compression moulding of different moulds, make seedling culturing substrate block.
embodiment 6
Preparation is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block:
(1) banana pineapple stem and leaf compost: banana pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized, mixed with chicken manure, regulate C/N than for after 40:1, add complex ferment microbial inoculum prepared by 0.3% embodiment 3, carry out pile fermentation, the control of heap body humidity is 60～70%.During stack retting, temperature rise to 70 DEG C carries out turning 1～2 time.Stack retting finishes fermentation in 10 days, dries, and pulverizes and sieves, and removes foreign material and agglomerate body, obtains banana pineapple stem and leaf compost.
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: banana pineapple stem and leaf compost and commercially available coconut palm chaff are mixed with weight ratio 7:3, obtain composite interstitial substance.
(3) solidifying of matrix: to the polyvinyl alcohol that adds 30% weight in composite interstitial substance, fully mix, spraying weight is the borax soln of the 1.2wt% concentration of composite interstitial substance 90%, spray limit, limit is stirred, make it fluffy gel solidification, then use the press compression moulding of different moulds, make seedling culturing substrate block.
The seedling culturing substrate block that embodiment 4～6 is made carries out materialization property detection, and its result is as shown in table 1.
The materialization property of table 1 substrate block
Visible, the seedling culturing substrate block that makes is lightweight, good physical performance, and its physical behavior is better than peat growing medium.Before using, only need to supplement amount of water, substrate block is the inflatable loose porous state that recoils to.And rely on merely after the high matrix water-swelling that is pressed into piece soft fugitive, inconvenient seedling management.
Investigate respectively the impact of seedling culturing substrate block that embodiment 4～6 makes and peat growing medium, the growth of coconut palm furfuryl group confrontation cucumber seedling, its result is as shown in table 2.
The impact of the different organic substrates of table 2 on cucumber seedling growth
As can be seen from Table 2, the substrate block seedling seedling rate of gained of the present invention is high, and healthy and strong neat, nursery effect is better than peat growing medium and coconut palm furfuryl group matter.
Seedling culturing substrate block prepared by the present invention also can be widely used in fruit tree, vegetables, flowers and other crops grows seedlings, and integrates matrix, nutrition, container, and what changed that tradition grows seedlings joins numerous and diverse schedule of operation such as soil, sterilization, dress alms bowl, de-alms bowl, transplanting.When use, only seedling culturing substrate block water fully need be expanded, just can sow or point seedling, seedling stage, the seedling of incubation was healthy and strong neat without fertilising, and after field planting, without slow seedling, product early goes public, increasing both production and income; Simple to operate, the convenient management of growing seedlings, after seedling, can be with piece to transplant, root system is easy to penetrate, and form firmly root ball, and matrix is lightweight with matrix, substrate block cementability is good, in transportation, do not need extra alms bowl body to load, the transport that is easy to carry, has improved working efficiency greatly, reduce costs, there is good application and marketing prospect.
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method who is compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block, comprises the following steps:
(1) banana pineapple stem and leaf compost: after banana pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized, mixed with chicken manure, add the banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent that contains viride, Bacillus subtillis, aspergillus niger, hot purple streptomycete, stack retting 8～15 days, dry, pulverize, obtain banana pineapple stem and leaf compost;
(2) preparation composite interstitial substance: banana pineapple stem and leaf compost and proper amount of coconut chaff are mixed, obtain composite interstitial substance;
(3) solidifying of matrix: add appropriate polyvinyl alcohol in composite interstitial substance, spray borax soln, curing molding, makes and be compounded with type environmental protection seedling culturing substrate block.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the weight ratio of viride, Bacillus subtillis, aspergillus niger, hot purple streptomycete thalline is 1～2:2～3:1～3:2～3.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ratio that the mixing thalline of viride, aspergillus oryzae, subtilis, hot purple streptomycete is not less than to 200,000,000 total number of viable in every gram of carrier is adsorbed onto on carrier, makes complex ferment microbial inoculum.
4. according to the preparation method described in claim 1～3 any one, it is characterized in that: step (1), banana pineapple stem and leaf matrix specific complex fermenting agent addition be banana pineapple stem and leaf and chicken manure weight and 0.1～0.3 %.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (1), and banana pineapple stem and leaf is pulverized, mixed with chicken manure, regulate C/N ratio to 20～40:1, the control of heap body humidity is 60～70%.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (1), turning is carried out 1～2 time in temperature rise to 65 during stack retting～70 DEG C.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (2), the weight ratio of banana pineapple stem and leaf compost and coconut palm chaff is 5～7:3～5.
8. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (3), the weight ratio of composite interstitial substance and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:0.1～0.3.
9. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (3), the concentration of borax soln is 0.8～1.2wt%.
10. according to the preparation method described in claim 1 or 9, it is characterized in that: step (3), borax soln is 70～90% of composite interstitial substance weight.
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| CN111616020A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-04 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Improvement method and application of composite matrix |
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