CN112205274A - Rice seedling raising matrix based on various agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rice seedling raising matrix based on various agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 54
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000187438 Streptomyces fradiae Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000222178 Candida tropicalis Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000014663 Kluyveromyces fragilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 244000253911 Saccharomyces fragilis Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000018368 Saccharomyces fragilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940031154 kluyveromyces marxianus Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 35
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 26
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 26
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 17
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 17
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 15
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000235646 Cyberlindnera jadinii Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000606860 Pasteurella Species 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000589601 Francisella Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice seedling raising matrix based on various agricultural wastes and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of rice seedling raising matrixes. The method selects various mixed agricultural wastes such as straw powder, mushroom dreg, cow dung and the like, and adds the propagation microbial inoculum for treating the mixture of the livestock excrement and the mushroom dreg to perform full fermentation to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix with high nutrient content, so that the problems that the various agricultural wastes are difficult to fully ferment and the nutrient content is insufficient in the rice seedling raising matrix based on the agricultural wastes can be effectively solved, the resource utilization of the agricultural wastes is realized, and the environment protection is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising substrates, in particular to a rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the economic deepening of China, the outflow and aging of rural labor force, the rice cultivation is also rapidly changed from manual planting to mechanical planting. The machine-transplanted seedling raising becomes a main development trend, has the advantages of reducing labor intensity, saving seedling beds, achieving high and stable yield and the like, and has important significance in promoting the development of modern agriculture in China.
The cultivation of a matrix suitable for the growth of the machine-transplanted seedlings is the key of the development of the machine-transplanted seedling raising technology. The traditional rice seedling raising matrix is generally prepared by taking grass peat as a main material and mixing with perlite, vermiculite and the like through stirring. The turf is a non-renewable resource and has high cost, and the state is also strengthening the supervision on the exploitation of the turf. In order to overcome the defects of the traditional rice seedling raising matrix, on one hand, the rice seedling raising matrix which is prepared by mainly taking agricultural wastes such as straws and the like as raw materials through microbial fermentation and assisting with an adhesive, a water-retaining agent and the like is reported at present, but the rice seedling raising matrix has the defect of insufficient nutritional components due to single used agricultural wastes; on the other hand, at present, a few reports exist for preparing the rice seedling raising matrix by using various agricultural wastes as raw materials, but the problems that microorganisms cannot sufficiently ferment the various agricultural wastes at the same time, the technical process is complex and the cost is high are often caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rice seedling raising matrix based on various agricultural wastes and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively solve the problems that the various agricultural wastes are difficult to ferment fully and the nutrient content is insufficient in the rice seedling raising matrix based on the agricultural wastes, and have the advantages of simple and convenient process operation and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes, which comprises the following mixture in parts by volume: 30-45 parts of a base material A, 50-70 parts of an additive material B, 4-9 parts of perlite, and 15-20 g of soil bactericide and 600-800 g of seedling strengthening agent added into the mixture per 100 kg;
wherein, the A base material comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 20-35 parts of straw powder, 30-40 parts of mushroom residues, 30-40 parts of cow dung and 4-9 parts of soybean meal, and 0.1-0.3 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into the mixture according to 1 kg;
the additive B comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 10-25 parts of straw powder, 70-85 parts of mushroom dreg and 4-9 parts of soybean meal, and 0.3-0.6 g of propagation agent is added into each 1 kg of the mixture;
the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a mixed bacterial culture solution: respectively culturing bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium and azotobacter to prepare bacillus subtilis culture solution, bacillus megatherium culture solution and azotobacter culture solution, and mixing the bacillus subtilis culture solution, the bacillus megatherium culture solution and the azotobacter culture solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5-1 to prepare mixed bacteria culture solution;
b. preparing a mixed actinomycete culture solution: respectively culturing streptomyces jingyangensis and streptomyces fradiae to obtain streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and streptomyces fradiae culture solution, and mixing the streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and the streptomyces fradiae culture solution according to the weight ratio of 0.5-1: 1-1.5 to prepare mixed actinomycete culture solution;
c. preparing a mixed yeast culture solution: respectively culturing candida tropicalis and kluyveromyces marxianus to obtain a candida tropicalis culture solution and a kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution, and mixing the candida tropicalis culture solution and the kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution according to a weight ratio of 0.5-1: 1-1.5 to prepare a mixed yeast culture solution;
d. preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum: mixing the mixed bacteria culture solution, the mixed actinomycete culture solution and the mixed yeast culture solution prepared in the steps a, b and c according to the weight ratio of 1-1.5: 0.5-1 to obtain a mixed bacteria solution, mixing the total amount of the mixed bacteria solution and bran according to the weight ratio of 0.5-1: 1, and drying at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 5-8 hours to obtain a zymophyte agent;
e. preparing a propagation expanding microbial inoculum: and d, mixing the fermentation bacterial agent prepared in the step d with corn flour and water according to the weight ratio of 0.05-0.2: 15-25: 80-100, and then carrying out sealed fermentation at 25-30 ℃ for 1 week to prepare the propagation expanding bacterial agent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the straw powder, the mushroom dreg and the cow dung are all rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matters and the like, the bean pulp is rich in crude protein, and a self-made propagation microbial inoculum for treating the mixture of the livestock and poultry excrement and the mushroom bran is added for full fermentation to prepare a rice seedling raising matrix with high nutrient content; through long-term groping, the nutritional ingredients of the rice seedling raising matrix can be greatly improved by selecting the straw powder, the mushroom fungus residues and the cow dung which are matched according to the using amount, a large amount of efficient probiotics and various microbial enzymes are generated after a small amount of soybean meal is fermented, the growth and the propagation of harmful bacteria in the rice seedling raising matrix are favorably inhibited, the structure of a micro-ecological group is adjusted, and the fermentation efficiency of a propagation expanding microbial inoculum is improved; after the basic material A is mixed with the additive B in the whole rice seedling raising matrix, the fermentation of the additive B with a large proportion can be promoted, and the overall fermentation efficiency of the rice seedling raising matrix is improved; the rice seedling raising matrix is prepared from various agricultural wastes such as straw powder, mushroom fungus residues and cow dung, so that resource utilization of the agricultural wastes can be realized, and the environment protection is facilitated.
Further, the rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 35 parts of A basic material, 60 parts of B additive material and 5 parts of perlite, and adding 15g of soil bactericide and 700 g of seedling strengthening agent into the mixture according to 100 kg;
wherein, the A base material comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 25 parts of straw powder, 35 parts of mushroom residues, 35 parts of cow dung and 5 parts of soybean meal, and 0.2 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into the mixture according to 1 kg;
the additive B comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 15 parts of straw powder, 80 parts of mushroom dreg and 5 parts of soybean meal, and 0.5 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into each 1 kg of the mixture.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: through long-term research, the rice seedling raising matrix prepared by fermenting the straw powder, the mushroom fungus residues and the cow dung in the above proportion is high in nutritional ingredients.
Further, the preparation method of the beef extract peptone medium in the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: preparing materials according to the weight ratio of 10-15 g of peptone, 6-10 g of beef extract, 3-5 g of NaCl and 1000-1100 g of water, heating and dissolving all the materials, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.4 by using NaOH (2N), then filling the materials into a triangular flask, sterilizing the materials for 30-50 minutes at the temperature of 110-121 ℃, and naturally cooling the materials to obtain the beef extract peptone medium.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the beef extract peptone medium suitable for bacterial growth is prepared from 10-15 g of peptone, 6-10 g of beef extract and 3-5 g of NaCl, wherein the peptone mainly provides a nitrogen source and vitamins, the beef extract provides a carbon source and phosphate, and the NaCl provides inorganic salt.
Further, the preparation method of the medium of Gauss in the preparation method of the propagation microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: according to 10-15 g of soluble starch and KNO3 1～3g、K2HPO4 0.5～1g、MgSO4﹒7H2O 0.5～1g、NaCl 0.5～1g、FeSO4﹒7H2Mixing 0.01-0.05 g of O and 1000-1100 g of water according to a weight ratio, heating and dissolving all the ingredients, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.4 by using NaOH (2N), then putting the ingredients into a triangular flask, sterilizing the mixture for 30-50 minutes at the temperature of 110-121 ℃, and naturally cooling the mixture to obtain the Gao's medium.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: selecting 10-15 g of soluble starch and KNO3 1～3g、K2HPO4 0.5～1g、MgSO4﹒7H2O 0.5～1g、NaCl 0.5～1g、FeSO4﹒7H20.01-0.05 g of O and the like, and can prepare a Gauss culture medium suitable for the growth of the actinomycetes, and provide nutrient components such as carbon sources and inorganic salts required by the growth of the actinomycetes.
Further, in the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum, a preparation method of a potato sucrose culture medium is as follows: peeling fresh potatoes, cutting the potatoes into small pieces with the size of a finger, weighing 200-220 g of potato pieces, adding 1000-1100 g of water, boiling the potato pieces for 20-30 minutes by slow fire, filtering solid residues by gauze, taking supernatant, adding 1000-1100 g of water in a certain amount, adding 20-25 g of cane sugar, dissolving the cane sugar, putting the dissolved cane sugar into a triangular flask, sterilizing the potato pieces for 30-50 minutes at the temperature of 110-121 ℃, and naturally cooling the potato pieces to obtain the potato sucrose culture medium.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the potato sucrose culture medium is selected to provide nutrient components such as carbon source and the like required by the growth of the yeast.
Further, in the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum, the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis culture solution to the bacillus megaterium culture solution to the azotobacter culture solution is 1:1: 1.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: through long-term grope, when the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis culture solution to the bacillus megaterium culture solution to the azotobacter culture solution is 1:1:1, the fermentation effect on the mixture of the livestock manure and the fungus chaff is better.
Further, in the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum, the weight ratio of the streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution to the streptomyces furiosus culture solution is 1: 1.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: through long-term groping, when the weight ratio of the Jingyang streptomyces culture solution to the Francisella furiosus culture solution is 1:1, the fermentation effect on the mixture of the livestock and poultry manure and the mushroom residue is better.
Further, in the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum, the weight ratio of the mixed bacteria culture solution, the mixed actinomycete culture solution and the mixed yeast culture solution is 1:1: 1.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: through long-term groping, when the weight ratio of the mixed bacteria culture solution to the mixed actinomycete culture solution to the mixed yeast culture solution is 1:1:1, the fermentation effect on the mixture of the livestock manure and the fungus chaff is better.
Further, in the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum, the weight ratio of the fermentation microbial inoculum, the corn flour and the water is 0.1:20: 90.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: through long-term groping, the propagation expanding microbial inoculum prepared by the fermentation microbial inoculum, the corn flour and the water with the weight ratio of 0.1:20:90 has good fermentation effect and long validity period.
The preparation method of the rice seedling raising matrix based on the various agricultural wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of A base Material
a. Grinding and separating straw powder, mushroom fungus residues, cow dung and bean pulp by using an organic resource crushing and separating machine to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55-60%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25-30 ℃, turning the pile once every 7 days for 3 times, and preparing a base material A;
(2) preparation of additive B
a. Grinding and separating the straw powder, the mushroom dreg and the soybean meal by using an organic resource crushing and separating machine to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55-60%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25-30 ℃, turning the pile once every 7 days for 3 times, and preparing an additive B;
(3) mixing the base material A prepared in the steps (1) and (2), the additive material B and perlite, then adding the soil bactericide and the seedling strengthening agent, and uniformly stirring to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix.
The preparation method of the invention has the beneficial effects that: respectively inoculating bacteria, actinomycetes and saccharomycetes into a beef extract peptone culture medium, a Gauss culture medium and a potato sucrose culture medium, selecting a proper microorganism proportion for mixing through long-term exploration, and preparing an expanding propagation microbial inoculum rich in various microorganisms by adding corn flour and water; the self-made propagation expanding microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter, streptomyces jingyangensis, streptomyces fradiae, candida tropicalis, kluyveromyces marxianus and other microorganisms, can be used for treating the mixture of livestock and poultry manure and fungus chaff, and has good fermentation effect on various mixed agricultural wastes such as straw powder, mushroom fungus residues, cow manure and the like; adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into various mixed agricultural wastes for stacking fermentation, turning the stacks once every 7 days for 3 times to fully ferment the mixed agricultural wastes, and preparing a base material A and an additive material B; the base material A and the additive material B are supplemented with perlite, bactericide and seedling strengthening agent to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix rich in various nutrient components.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment 1 provides a rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes, which comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 35 parts of A basic material, 60 parts of B additive material and 5 parts of perlite, and adding 15g of nike soil loosening bactericide and 700 g of Ba Da Zhuang Hua seedling agent into the mixture according to each 100 kg;
wherein, the A base material comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 25 parts of straw powder, 35 parts of mushroom residues, 35 parts of cow dung and 5 parts of soybean meal, and 0.2 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into the mixture according to 1 kg;
the additive B comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 15 parts of straw powder, 80 parts of mushroom dreg and 5 parts of soybean meal, and 0.5 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into each 1 kg of the mixture;
the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a mixed bacterial culture solution: respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter into a sterilized beef extract peptone culture medium, culturing for 2 days at 30 ℃, respectively preparing bacillus subtilis culture solution, bacillus megaterium culture solution and azotobacter culture solution, and mixing the bacillus subtilis culture solution, the bacillus megaterium culture solution and the azotobacter culture solution according to a weight ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare mixed bacteria culture solution;
b. preparing a mixed actinomycete culture solution: respectively inoculating streptomyces jingyangensis and streptomyces fradiae into a sterilized Gauss culture medium, respectively preparing streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and streptomyces fradiae culture solution after shaking and shake-culturing for 4 days at 28 ℃, and mixing the streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and the streptomyces fradiae culture solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare mixed actinomycete culture solution;
c. preparing a mixed yeast culture solution: respectively inoculating candida tropicalis and kluyveromyces marxianus into a sterilized potato sucrose culture medium, culturing at 30 ℃ for 2 days to respectively prepare a candida tropicalis culture solution and a kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution, and mixing the candida tropicalis culture solution and the kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution according to a weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed yeast culture solution;
d. preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum: mixing the mixed bacteria culture solution, the mixed actinomycete culture solution and the mixed yeast culture solution prepared in the steps a, b and c according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a mixed bacteria solution, mixing the total amount of the mixed bacteria solution and bran according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and drying for 7 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a zymophyte agent;
e. preparing a propagation expanding microbial inoculum: and d, mixing the fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the step d with corn flour and water according to the weight ratio of 0.1:20:90, then filling the mixture into a plastic barrel or a stainless steel barrel, sealing the opening of the barrel by using plastic cloth, and fermenting for 1 week at 25 ℃ to prepare the propagation expanding microbial inoculum.
The embodiment 1 is a preparation method of a rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of A base Material
a. Grinding and separating the straw powder, the mushroom fungus residues, the cow dung and the bean pulp by using an organic resource crushing and separating machine to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25 ℃, turning the pile once every 7 days for 3 times, and preparing a base material A;
(2) preparation of additive B
a. Grinding and separating the straw powder, the mushroom fungus residues and the bean pulp by using an organic resource crushing and separating machine to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25 ℃, turning the mixture once every 7 days for 3 times to prepare an additive B;
(3) mixing the base material A prepared in the steps (1) and (2), the additive material B and perlite, then adding the soil bactericide and the seedling strengthening agent, and uniformly stirring to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix.
The preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: preparing materials according to the weight ratio of 10g of peptone, 6g of beef extract, 3g of NaCl and 1000g of water, heating and dissolving all the materials, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.4 by using NaOH (2N), then placing the materials into a triangular flask, sterilizing the materials for 30 minutes at the temperature of 121 ℃, and naturally cooling the materials to obtain a beef extract peptone culture medium; the preparation method of the Gauss culture medium comprises the following steps: according to soluble starch 10, KNO3 1g、K2HPO4 0.5g、MgSO4﹒7H2O 0.5g、NaCl 0.5g、FeSO4﹒7H2O0.01g and 1000g of water, heating and dissolving all the ingredients, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.4 by using NaOH (2N), then placing the ingredients into a triangular flask, sterilizing the mixture for 30 minutes at 121 ℃, and naturally cooling the mixture to obtain a Gao's medium; the preparation method of the potato sucrose culture medium comprises the following steps: peeling fresh potatoes, cutting the potatoes into small pieces with the size of a finger, weighing 200g of potato pieces, adding 1000g of water, boiling the potato pieces for 20 minutes with slow fire, filtering solid residues out of the potato pieces with gauze, taking supernatant, adding 1000g of water, quantitatively adding 20g of cane sugar, dissolving the potato pieces, filling the mixture into a triangular flask, sterilizing the mixture for 30 minutes at 121 ℃, and naturally cooling the mixture to obtain the potato sucrose culture medium.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 provides a rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes, which comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 45 parts of A basic material, 70 parts of B additive material and 8 parts of perlite, and adding 20g of nike soil loosening fungicide and 800 g of Badada seedling strengthening agent into the mixture according to 100 kg;
wherein, the A base material comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 35 parts of straw powder, 40 parts of mushroom fungus residues, 40 parts of cow dung and 8 parts of soybean meal, and 0.3 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into the mixture according to 1 kg;
the additive B comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 25 parts of straw powder, 85 parts of mushroom dreg and 8 parts of soybean meal, and 0.4 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into each 1 kg of the mixture;
the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a mixed bacterial culture solution: respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter into a sterilized beef extract peptone culture medium, culturing for 2 days at 30 ℃, respectively preparing bacillus subtilis culture solution, bacillus megaterium culture solution and azotobacter culture solution, and mixing the bacillus subtilis culture solution, the bacillus megaterium culture solution and the azotobacter culture solution according to a weight ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare mixed bacteria culture solution;
b. preparing a mixed actinomycete culture solution: respectively inoculating streptomyces jingyangensis and streptomyces fradiae into a sterilized Gauss culture medium, respectively preparing streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and streptomyces fradiae culture solution after shaking and shake-culturing for 4 days at 28 ℃, and mixing the streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and the streptomyces fradiae culture solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare mixed actinomycete culture solution;
c. preparing a mixed yeast culture solution: respectively inoculating candida tropicalis and kluyveromyces marxianus into a sterilized potato sucrose culture medium, culturing at 30 ℃ for 2 days to respectively prepare a candida tropicalis culture solution and a kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution, and mixing the candida tropicalis culture solution and the kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution according to a weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed yeast culture solution;
d. preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum: mixing the mixed bacteria culture solution, the mixed actinomycete culture solution and the mixed yeast culture solution prepared in the steps a, b and c according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a mixed bacteria solution, mixing the total amount of the mixed bacteria solution and bran according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and drying for 7 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a zymophyte agent;
e. preparing a propagation expanding microbial inoculum: and d, mixing the fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the step d with corn flour and water according to the weight ratio of 0.1:20:90, then filling the mixture into a plastic barrel or a stainless steel barrel, sealing the opening of the barrel by using plastic cloth, and fermenting for 1 week at 25 ℃ to prepare the propagation expanding microbial inoculum.
The embodiment 2 is a preparation method of a rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of A base Material
a. Grinding and separating the straw powder, the mushroom fungus residues, the cow dung and the bean pulp by using an organic resource crushing and separating machine to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25 ℃, turning the pile once every 7 days for 3 times, and preparing a base material A;
(2) preparation of additive B
a. Grinding and separating the straw powder, the mushroom fungus residues and the bean pulp by using an organic resource crushing and separating machine to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25 ℃, turning the mixture once every 7 days for 3 times to prepare an additive B;
(3) mixing the base material A prepared in the steps (1) and (2), the additive material B and perlite, then adding the soil bactericide and the seedling strengthening agent, and uniformly stirring to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix.
The preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: preparing materials according to the weight ratio of 10g of peptone, 6g of beef extract, 3g of NaCl and 1000g of water, heating and dissolving all the materials, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.4 by using NaOH (2N), then placing the materials into a triangular flask, sterilizing the materials for 30 minutes at the temperature of 121 ℃, and naturally cooling the materials to obtain a beef extract peptone culture medium; the preparation method of the Gauss culture medium comprises the following steps: according to soluble starch 10, KNO3 1g、K2HPO4 0.5g、MgSO4﹒7H2O 0.5g、NaCl 0.5g、FeSO4﹒7H2O0.01g and 1000g of water, heating and dissolving all the ingredients, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.4 by using NaOH (2N), then placing the ingredients into a triangular flask, sterilizing the mixture for 30 minutes at 121 ℃, and naturally cooling the mixture to obtain a Gao's medium; the preparation method of the potato sucrose culture medium comprises the following steps: peeling fresh potato, cutting into small pieces with size of finger, weighing potato pieces 200g, adding water 1000g, boiling with slow fire for 20 min, filtering off solid residue with gauze, collecting supernatant, adding water to 1000g, adding sucrose 20g, dissolving, and packaging into triangleSterilizing in a bottle at 121 ℃ for 30 minutes, and naturally cooling to obtain the potato sucrose culture medium.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example 1 provides a rice seedling raising matrix based on various agricultural wastes, which comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 95 parts of base material A and 5 parts of perlite, and adding 15g of nike soil loosening bactericide and 700 g of Ba Da Zhu Ye agent into the mixture according to each 100 kg;
wherein, the A base material comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 25 parts of straw powder, 35 parts of mushroom fungus residues, 35 parts of cow dung and 5 parts of soybean meal, and 0.2 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into the mixture according to 1 kg.
The comparative example 1 is a preparation method of a rice seedling raising matrix based on various agricultural wastes, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of A base Material
a. Grinding and separating the straw powder, the mushroom fungus residues, the cow dung and the bean pulp by using an organic resource crushing and separating machine to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25 ℃, turning the pile once every 7 days for 3 times, and preparing a base material A;
(2) mixing the base material A prepared in the step (1) with perlite, then adding a soil bactericide and a seedling strengthening agent, and uniformly stirring to prepare the rice seedling raising substrate.
The propagation expanding agent used in this comparative example 1 was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example 2 provides a rice seedling raising matrix based on various agricultural wastes, which comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 95 parts of additive material and 5 parts of perlite, and 15g of nike soil loosening bactericide and 700 g of Badada seedling strengthening agent are added into the mixture according to each 100 kg;
wherein, the additive B comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 15 parts of straw powder, 80 parts of mushroom dreg and 5 parts of soybean meal, and 0.5 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into each 1 kg of the mixture.
The comparative example 2 is a preparation method of a rice seedling raising matrix based on various agricultural wastes, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of additive B
a. Grinding and separating the straw powder, the mushroom fungus residues and the bean pulp by using an organic resource crushing and separating machine to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25 ℃, turning the mixture once every 7 days for 3 times to prepare an additive B;
(2) and (2) mixing the additive obtained in the step (1) B with perlite, then adding a soil bactericide and a seedling strengthening agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the rice seedling raising matrix.
The propagation expanding agent used in this comparative example 2 was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example 3 provides a rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes, and the comparative example 3 is different from the example 1 only in the use of a propagation agent.
The preparation method of the propagation expanding agent used in the comparative example 3 comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a mixed bacterial culture solution: respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis and bacillus megatherium to a sterilized beef extract peptone culture medium, respectively preparing bacillus subtilis culture solution and bacillus megatherium culture solution after culturing for 2 days at 30 ℃, and mixing the bacillus subtilis culture solution and the bacillus megatherium culture solution according to a weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare mixed bacteria culture solution;
b. preparing a mixed actinomycete culture solution: respectively inoculating streptomyces jingyangensis and streptomyces fradiae into a sterilized Gauss culture medium, respectively preparing streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and streptomyces fradiae culture solution after shaking and shake-culturing for 4 days at 28 ℃, and mixing the streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and the streptomyces fradiae culture solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare mixed actinomycete culture solution;
c. preparing a mixed yeast culture solution: respectively inoculating the pasteurella hansenii and candida utilis to a sterilized potato sucrose culture medium, culturing for 2 days at 30 ℃, respectively preparing a pasteurella hansenii culture solution and candida utilis culture solution, and mixing the pasteurella hansenii culture solution and the candida utilis culture solution according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed yeast culture solution;
d. preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum: mixing the mixed bacteria culture solution, the mixed actinomycete culture solution and the mixed yeast culture solution prepared in the steps a, b and c according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a mixed bacteria solution, mixing the total amount of the mixed bacteria solution and bran according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and drying for 7 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a zymophyte agent;
e. preparing a propagation expanding microbial inoculum: and d, mixing the fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the step d with corn flour and water according to the weight ratio of 0.1:20:90, then filling the mixture into a plastic barrel or a stainless steel barrel, sealing the opening of the barrel by using plastic cloth, and fermenting for 1 week at 25 ℃ to prepare the propagation expanding microbial inoculum.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example 4 provides a rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes, and the comparative example 4 is different from the example 1 only in the use of a propagation agent.
The preparation method of the propagation expanding agent used in the comparative example 4 comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a mixed bacterial culture solution: respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter into a sterilized beef extract peptone culture medium, culturing for 2 days at 30 ℃, respectively preparing bacillus subtilis culture solution, bacillus megaterium culture solution and azotobacter culture solution, and mixing the bacillus subtilis culture solution, the bacillus megaterium culture solution and the azotobacter culture solution according to a weight ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare mixed bacteria culture solution;
b. preparing a mixed yeast culture solution: respectively inoculating candida tropicalis and kluyveromyces marxianus into a sterilized potato sucrose culture medium, culturing at 30 ℃ for 2 days to respectively prepare a candida tropicalis culture solution and a kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution, and mixing the candida tropicalis culture solution and the kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution according to a weight ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed yeast culture solution;
c. preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum: mixing the mixed bacteria culture solution prepared in the step a and the mixed yeast culture solution prepared in the step b according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed bacteria solution, mixing the total amount of the mixed bacteria solution and bran according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and drying at 40 ℃ for 7 hours to obtain a zymophyte agent;
d. preparing a propagation expanding microbial inoculum: and c, mixing the fermentation microbial inoculum prepared in the step c with corn flour and water according to the weight ratio of 0.1:20:90, then filling the mixture into a plastic barrel or a stainless steel barrel, sealing the opening of the barrel by using plastic cloth, and fermenting for 1 week at 25 ℃ to prepare the propagation expanding microbial inoculum.
Experimental example 1
The common paddy field soil matrix and the rice seedling raising matrix prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 4 are used as a control group, and the test group carries out a comparative experiment by using the rice seedling raising matrix of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2. The rice variety is Jingliangyou 534, the rice variety is filled to 2/3 height, the seeds are evenly sown by adopting machinery, the seeds are covered with soil and covered with the soil, the water is irrigated, the rice variety is stacked and covered with black ground cloth for dark culture, and the rice variety is placed outside for seedling culture and maintenance after 5 days. After 20 days, the growth of rice seedlings was observed.
TABLE 1 comparison of nutritional indices of the substrate of examples 1-2, the substrate of ordinary paddy field and the substrate of comparative examples 1-4
| Treatment of | Organic matter (%) | Total nitrogen (g/kg) | Total phosphorus (g/kg) | Total potassium (g/kg) | Residue remains |
| EXAMPLE 1 matrix | 73.36 | 6.87 | 2.09 | 30.57 | Is free of |
| Example 2 matrix | 71.55 | 5.92 | 1.97 | 29.44 | Is free of |
| Comparative example 1 matrix | 50.34 | 2.59 | 1.08 | 18.85 | Is free of |
| Comparative example 2 matrix | 53.13 | 2.79 | 1.21 | 16.18 | Is free of |
| Comparative example 3 matrix | 51.53 | 1.78 | 0.91 | 14.67 | Chinese character shao (a Chinese character of 'shao') |
| Comparative example 4 matrix | 49.73 | 1.57 | 1.01 | 15.45 | Chinese character shao (a Chinese character of 'shao') |
| Common rice field soil matrix | 9.01 | 1.22 | 0.18 | 12.22 | - |
From the experimental data, the rice seedling raising matrix prepared in the embodiment 1-2 of the invention has no residual agricultural waste residues, which indicates that the whole fermentation process is sufficient; the rice seedling raising matrix is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, and various nutritional indexes of the rice seedling raising matrix are superior to those of the common rice field soil matrix and the rice seedling raising matrix prepared in the comparative examples 1-4.
TABLE 2 comparison of seedling growth conditions of the substrates of examples 1-2, conventional paddy field and comparative examples 1-4
| Treatment of | Germination percentage (%) | Seedling strengthening index | Diseases and pests (%) | Degree of color and luster | Growth vigor |
| EXAMPLE 1 matrix | 99.8 | 0.09 | 0 | Is very good | Very flourishing |
| Example 2 matrix | 99.7 | 0.09 | 0 | Is very good | Very flourishing |
| Comparative example 1 matrix | 96.1 | 0.07 | 0.3 | Good effect | Good effect |
| Comparative example 2 matrix | 95.7 | 0.07 | 0.3 | Good effect | Good effect |
| Comparative example 3 matrix | 96.0 | 0.07 | 0.4 | Good effect | Good effect |
| Comparative example 4 matrix | 95.8 | 0.07 | 0.3 | Good effect | Good effect |
| Common rice field soil matrix | 93.1 | 0.06 | 1.2 | In general | In general |
The technical scheme of the invention can effectively regulate the growth of rice from the experimental data, has obvious effect on improving the yield and quality of crops by planting the root systems of the plants, and is environment-friendly and energy-saving in substrate raw materials and suitable for popularization and use.
The productivity of the substrate is determined mainly per 50cm2Number of seedlings, 1cm3Volume of the substrate produced the seedling weight. Three random measurements were taken per replicate every 50cm2The number of seedlings, results are as follows:
1cm3the weight of the seedlings produced by the volume matrix is measured as the fresh weight of the seedlings on the matrix/the volume of the matrix corresponding to the original proportion
TABLE 3 Productivity of substrates for examples 1-2, ordinary paddy field and comparative examples 1-4
| Treatment of | 1cm3Fresh weight of seedling on substrate (g) | 50cm2Seedling number (plant) |
| EXAMPLE 1 matrix | 0.339 | 159.9 |
| Example 2 matrix | 0.331 | 157.6 |
| Comparative example 1 matrix | 0.113 | 136.4 |
| Comparative example 2 matrix | 0.107 | 134.5 |
| Comparative example 3 matrix | 0.114 | 137.5 |
| Comparative example 4 matrix | 0.110 | 135.2 |
| Common rice field soil matrix | 0.077 | 125.3 |
The experimental data show that the weight and the number of the seedlings produced by the unit volume of the prepared substrate are superior to those of the common paddy soil substrate and the substrates of comparative examples 1-4, the production efficiency is high, and the method can be used for large-batch industrial seedling production.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to modify or supplement the embodiments described or to substitute similar ones without the exercise of inventive faculty, and still fall within the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A rice seedling raising matrix based on various agricultural wastes is characterized by comprising a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 30-45 parts of a base material A, 50-70 parts of an additive material B, 4-9 parts of perlite, and 15-20 g of soil bactericide and 600-800 g of seedling strengthening agent added into the mixture per 100 kg;
wherein the A base material comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 20-35 parts of straw powder, 30-40 parts of mushroom residues, 30-40 parts of cow dung and 4-9 parts of soybean meal, and 0.1-0.3 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into the mixture according to 1 kg;
the additive B comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 10-25 parts of straw powder, 70-85 parts of mushroom dreg and 4-9 parts of soybean meal, and 0.3-0.6 g of propagation agent is added into each 1 kg of the mixture;
the propagation expanding microbial inoculum is prepared by the following method:
a. preparing a mixed bacterial culture solution: respectively culturing bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium and azotobacter to prepare bacillus subtilis culture solution, bacillus megatherium culture solution and azotobacter culture solution, and mixing the bacillus subtilis culture solution, the bacillus megatherium culture solution and the azotobacter culture solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5-1 to prepare mixed bacteria culture solution;
b. preparing a mixed actinomycete culture solution: respectively culturing streptomyces jingyangensis and streptomyces fradiae to obtain streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and streptomyces fradiae culture solution, and mixing the streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution and the streptomyces fradiae culture solution according to the weight ratio of 0.5-1: 1-1.5 to prepare mixed actinomycete culture solution;
c. preparing a mixed yeast culture solution: respectively culturing candida tropicalis and kluyveromyces marxianus to obtain a candida tropicalis culture solution and a kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution, and mixing the candida tropicalis culture solution and the kluyveromyces marxianus culture solution according to a weight ratio of 0.5-1: 1-1.5 to prepare a mixed yeast culture solution;
d. preparing a fermentation microbial inoculum: mixing the mixed bacteria culture solution, the mixed actinomycete culture solution and the mixed yeast culture solution prepared in the steps a, b and c according to the weight ratio of 1-1.5: 0.5-1 to obtain a mixed bacteria solution, mixing the total amount of the mixed bacteria solution and bran according to the weight ratio of 0.5-1: 1, and drying at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 5-8 hours to obtain a zymophyte agent;
e. preparing a propagation expanding microbial inoculum: and d, mixing the fermentation bacterial agent prepared in the step d with corn flour and water according to the weight ratio of 0.05-0.2: 15-25: 80-100, and then carrying out sealed fermentation at 25-30 ℃ for 1 week to prepare the propagation expanding bacterial agent.
2. The rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following mixture in parts by volume: 35 parts of A basic material, 60 parts of B additive material and 5 parts of perlite, and adding 15g of soil bactericide and 700 g of seedling strengthening agent into the mixture according to 100 kg;
wherein the A base material comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 25 parts of straw powder, 35 parts of mushroom residues, 35 parts of cow dung and 5 parts of soybean meal, and 0.2 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into the mixture according to 1 kg;
the additive B comprises a mixture prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 15 parts of straw powder, 80 parts of mushroom dreg and 5 parts of soybean meal, and 0.5 g of propagation expanding microbial inoculum is added into each 1 kg of the mixture.
3. The rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis culture solution, the bacillus megaterium culture solution and the azotobacter culture solution in the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial agent is 1:1: 1.
4. The rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the streptomyces jingyangensis culture solution to the streptomyces fradiae culture solution in the preparation method of the propagation expanding agent is 1: 1.
5. The rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed bacteria culture solution, the mixed actinomycete culture solution and the mixed yeast culture solution in the preparation method of the propagation expanding microbial inoculum is 1:1: 1.
6. The rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the fermentation bacteria, the corn flour and the water in the preparation method of the propagation expanding bacteria agent is 0.1:20: 90.
7. A method of preparing a rice seedling raising substrate based on various agricultural wastes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparation of A base Material
a. Grinding and separating straw powder, mushroom fungus residues, cow dung and bean pulp to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55-60%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25-30 ℃, turning the pile once every 7 days for 3 times, and preparing a base material A;
(2) preparation of additive B
a. Grinding and separating the straw powder, the mushroom fungus residues and the soybean meal to obtain a mixture, and then adding deionized water to adjust the water content of the mixture to 55-60%;
b. adding a propagation expanding microbial inoculum into the mixture prepared in the step a, stirring and mixing, stacking and fermenting at 25-30 ℃, turning the pile once every 7 days for 3 times, and preparing an additive B;
(3) mixing the base material A prepared in the steps (1) and (2), the additive material B and perlite, then adding the soil bactericide and the seedling strengthening agent, and uniformly stirring to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113261493A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-17 | 中国水稻研究所 | Low-temperature-resistant rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114051904A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-18 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Rice soilless seedling raising substrate based on agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof |
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