CN102503654A - Seedling raising substrate for mechanically-transplanting rice - Google Patents
Seedling raising substrate for mechanically-transplanting rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising substrate for mechanically-transplanting rice. The major raw materials of the substrate comprise mushroom leftovers, cake fertilizers or livestock/poultry manure. The weight ratio of mushroom leftovers to cake fertilizers or livestock/poultry manure is (75 to 85):(25 to 15). The final product of substrate is prepared by fermenting the raw materials with high-temperature fast decomposing agents for 30 to 50 days, grinding the fermented raw materials, adding vermiculite and charred bran accounting for 5% to 15% the weight of the raw materials, and thoroughly mixing. The water content of the substrate is 45% to 50%. The particle size is less than 0.49 cm. The pH value is 5.5 to 7.5. The mushroom leftovers, cake fertilizers or livestock/poultry manure and other organic waste are used as raw materials to provide complete nutrients. The rice seedlings raised with the substrate have flourishing root systems, strong rooting ability, wide leaves and bright color, are short and robust, and have extremely strong bending resistance and high transplantation survival rate. Compared with the prior art that seedlings are raised in nutritional soil, the average plant height is reduced by 10% to 15%. The substrate can be promoted and applied all over the country.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice seedling raising ground substance, particularly relate to a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, belong to the food crop production technical field.
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of maximum food crop of China's cultivated area.Because rice-cultivating needs seedling, for a long time, traditional rice seedling bed all is before seedling season; Choose the reasonable field of soil fertility piece, green manuring, the system of after topsoil is turned over, macerating is smooth; Taking off ditch again dries and manages into the seedbed; Rice paddy seed is directly sowed in the soil seedbed, and the nutrition soil that hybrid reactors such as surface coverage ground surface soil, frozen soil, plant ash, fertilizer are processed fetches earth year after year and causes soil cultivation damage layer and top layer nutrient loss phenomenon easily.Twentieth century begins the nineties; Jiangsu Province agricultural machinery department is summing up on China's water past rice machine transplanting of rice seedling technical development lesson and the empirical basis. introduce Japan, Korea S, advanced rice transplanter and the seedling-cultivation technique in Taiwan; Pass through experiment and demonstration. it is perfect to constantly bring forth new ideas; Successfully develop the high-performance rice transplanter and the agronomic technique supporting that adapt to the whole nation, and large-scale demonstration is promoted with it.Because seedling link technology is difficult, the peasant is difficult for grasping, and has restricted popularizing fast of rice mechanical transplanting seedling." Chinese agricultural machanization " second phase in 2008 has been delivered the article of " machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance test effect and promotion prospect analyses " such as agricultural machinery popularization station, Lianyun Harbour Sun Hua woodss; Introduced residual bodies such as utilizing agricultural crop straw. after multiple beneficial micropopulation fermentation. inoculation biocontrol microorganisms and short long bacterium, and according to rice nutrition physiological property and strong seedling mechanism. the rice special seedling raising ground substance that forms of fertilizer slow-release formulation, caking agent, cold-resistance agent, water-holding agent configuration in addition again." agricultural science and technology communication " the 8th phase in 2008 has been delivered the king of Jiangsu Province Huai'an Chaimihe Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., and it passes the article that waits " machine-transplanted rice soilless substrate technology for cultivating seedlings "; They are disclosed on the basis of using for reference Japan and other countries rice industrial sprout cultivation technology. combine the national conditions of China; Utilize recyclability plant resourceses such as stalk to be raw material; Handle through multiplex biochemistry,, add sticker, water-holding agent and slow release fertilizer according to requirement and the rice nutrition physiological property and the strong seedling mechanism of the machine transplanting of rice to rice seedling; The full nutrition rice seedling of synthetic dedicated substrate; Solved rice seedling raising ground substance and fetched earth year after year, caused the problem of the loss of soil cultivation damage layer and top layer nutrient, solved conventional machine transplanting of rice seedling again and prepared nutrition soil challenge.The plantation family only needs " sow kind, water water " can bring out healthy and strong rice shoot, has realized " foolization " of raising rice seedlings technology, for mass-producing seedling and industrial sprout cultivation have been prepared condition.Chinese patent CN101507410B also discloses " machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance " of invention such as Wang Qichuan, and to disclose with agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as stalks in detail be raw material. behind the multiple beneficial microbial fermentation. add the seedling raising ground substance of preparations such as fertilizer slow-release formulation, caking agent, water-holding agent again.
This shows that in the prior art, machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance is a raw material with agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as stalks still mainly, it is formulated to add subsidiary material such as fertilizer slow-release formulation, caking agent, water-holding agent.But the residual body of agriculture and forestry organic waste materials such as agricultural crop straw is most of long, and quality is light, and transportation, pulverizing and processing treatment difficulty are big, expense is higher; Nutrient is low in addition, fibre content is high; Decomposition rate is slow, and the fermentation maturity cycle is long, and the big area commercialization is used has certain limitation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency, provide that a kind of raw material is easy to get, convenient transportation, process for processing expense are low, the seedling raising ground substance of constant product quality, particle is little, nutrient is high machine-transplanted rice to existing seedling raising ground substance.
Technical scheme of the present invention realizes in the following manner:
A kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, the main raw material of this matrix are mushroom tankage, cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry, and the weight ratio of mushroom tankage and cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry is 75-85: 25-15.
High temperature quick rotting agent or EM preparation that prepared using contains the useful microbe flora carry out the fermentation maturity processing; Fermentation time 30-50 days, the raw material that ferments, through dry, grinding and processing, subsidiary material such as vermiculite, carbonization cavings and the synergistic agent of interpolation raw material gross weight 5-15%, caking agent, water-holding agent stir, and are formed into article matrix.Wherein the ratio of vermiculite and carbonization cavings is 1-2: 1.This water content of substrate 45-50%, granularity is less than 0.49cm, and pH is 5.5-7.5.
Said mushroom tankage are to be the mushroom culture medium of main raw material with the rice wheat straw, and the waste through staying behind the mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom utilizes the sward mixture that daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after handling again, and the sward volume ratio is 5-10: 1.
Said high temperature quick rotting agent is the solid-state powdery fermentation quick rotting agent that contains the useful microbe flora; Mainly form by actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus etc.; Hundred million units/gram of effective active bacterial content 0.5-1, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%, and the quick rotting agent consumption is every 100m
3Raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg.
Said EM preparation is the good a kind of micro ecological active bacteria liquid preparation according to professor's husband invention of Japanese sulphur ball university's ratio, and common name EM stoste is former dew perhaps.EM is the effective microbe living flora of being formed by more than 80 kind of mikrobes of 10 kinds such as photosynthetic bacterium, milk-acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes.The EM product in more than 20 provinces and cities in the whole nation and area test, proves that its stable in properties, function are extensively, all have significant effect at aspects such as plantation, breed, environmental purification through how tame units such as China Agricultural University, Nanjing soil institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute.Its consumption is every 100m
3Raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is a raw material with organic wastes such as mushroom tankage, cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry, and nutrient is comprehensive, and raising rice seedlings is effective, the rice shoot well developed root system that adopts matrix of the present invention to cultivate, and packing power is strong, roomy, the bright in color of blade, disease and pest is few; Rice shoot is short strong strong, and anti-folding wound property is strong especially, and seedling quality is good, and transplanting survival rate is high; The average plant height of rice shoot that brings out than conventional nutrition soil reduces 10-15%, fits and plants phase prolongation about 5 days.
2, this matrix adopts effective microorganism preparation fermentations such as CM or EM, can significantly shorten fermentation time, and biologically active.
3, this matrix is used solid waste, not only can reduce environmental pollution, and low production cost.
4, this base starting material is easy to get, convenient transportation, process for processing expense are low, constant product quality, particle is little, nutrient is high.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment; Further illustrate the present invention; Should understand this embodiment only be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention; After having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's accompanying claims institute restricted portion to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, the main raw material of this matrix are mushroom tankage, cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry, and the weight ratio of mushroom tankage and cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry is 75: 25.
The homemade organic materials high temperature quick rotting agent of being made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus etc. of prepared using carries out fermentation maturity to be handled, 100,000,000 units/gram of quick rotting agent bacteria containing amount, and wherein actinomycetes account for about 50%; The quick rotting agent consumption is every 100m
3Raw material adds quick rotting agent 20kg.About fermentation time 30 days, the raw material that ferments after drying, grinding and processing, adds the vermiculite and the carbonization cavings subsidiary material of raw material weight 5%, and vermiculite and carbonization cavings ratio are 1: 1, stir, and are formed into article matrix.This water content of substrate about 45%, granularity are less than 0.49cm, and pH is 5.5.
Said mushroom tankage are to be the mushroom culture medium of main raw material with the rice wheat straw, and the waste through staying behind the mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom utilizes the sward mixture that daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after handling again, and the sward volume ratio is 5: 1.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, the main raw material of this matrix are mushroom tankage, cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry, and the weight ratio of mushroom tankage and cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry is 80: 20.
" vast of heaven board " CM101 high temperature quick rotting agent that the prepared using Yanji produces carries out fermentation maturity to be handled, 0.8 hundred million units/gram of fermentation preparation bacteria containing amount, and wherein actinomycetes account for about 60%; The quick rotting agent consumption is every 100m
3Raw material adds quick rotting agent 18kg; About fermentation time 40 days.The raw material that ferments, through dry, grinding and processing, subsidiary material such as vermiculite, carbonization cavings and the synergistic agent of interpolation raw material weight 10%, caking agent, water-holding agent stir, and are formed into article matrix.This water content of substrate about 46%, granularity are less than 0.49cm, and pH is 6.5.
Said mushroom tankage are to be the mushroom culture medium of main raw material with the rice wheat straw, and the waste through staying behind the mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom utilizes the sward mixture that daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after handling again, and the sward volume ratio is 7.5: 1.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance, the main raw material of this matrix are mushroom tankage, cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry, and the weight ratio of mushroom tankage and cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry is 85: 15.
The commodity EM starter that includes 80 multiple beneficial mikrobes that prepared using Japan introduces carries out fermentation maturity to be handled, and the EM consumption is every 100m
3Raw material adds EM stoste 2kg; About fermentation time 50 days.The raw material that ferments, through dry, grinding and processing, subsidiary material such as the vermiculite of interpolation raw material weight 15% and carbonization cavings, the ratio of vermiculite and carbonization cavings is 2: 1, stirs, and is formed into article matrix.This water content of substrate 50%, granularity are less than 0.49cm, and pH is 7.5.
Said mushroom tankage are to be the mushroom matrix of main raw material with the rice wheat straw, and the waste through staying behind the mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom utilizes the sward mixture that daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after handling again, and the sward volume ratio is 10: 1.
Adopt the matrix of present embodiment 1 to be used for raising rice seedlings, better than traditional nutrition soil, the rice seedling well developed root system of cultivation, packing power is strong, roomy, the bright in color of blade, disease and pest is few; Rice shoot is short strong strong, and anti-folding wound property is strong especially, and seedling quality is good, and transplanting survival rate is high; The average plant height of rice shoot that brings out than conventional nutrition soil reduces 10-15%, fits and plants phase prolongation about 5 days.The matrix of embodiment 1 and nutrition soil seedling effect see attached list 1.
Subordinate list 1
Rice seedling quality contrast table
Test place: Shuan Yang village, gold cities and towns, Jintan City, Jiangsu Province; Trial target type: japonica rice; Seedling raising method: mould dish; Sowing quantity: 2.5-3.0 kilogram/mu land for growing field crops, seed soaking time: 48 hours, normal temperature vernalization; Sowing time: on May 21st, 2010, application rate: bud paddy 150-170 gram/dish; Matrix and nutrition soil thickness: 1.8-2 centimetre.
Claims (6)
1. machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance is characterized in that: the main raw material of this matrix is the mushroom tankage, also comprises cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry; Above-mentioned raw materials adopts thermophilic fermentation to handle earlier, carries out drying, pulverizing, processing again, mixes being formed into article matrix again with auxiliary material; The weight ratio of said mushroom tankage and cake fertilizer or feces of livestock and poultry is 75-85:25-15.
2. according to the said a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said auxiliary material comprises vermiculite and carbonization cavings, and it accounts for the 5-15% of raw material gross weight, and the ratio of vermiculite and carbonization cavings is 1-2:1.
3. according to the said a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance of claim 1; It is characterized in that: said mushroom tankage are to be the mushroom culture medium of main raw material with the rice wheat straw; Through the waste that stays behind the mushroom mycelium growth output mushroom; Utilize the sward mixture that daylight dries, mechanical disintegration obtains after handling again, the sward volume ratio is 5-10:1.
4. according to the said a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance of claim 1; It is characterized in that: said thermophilic fermentation is to add the high temperature quick rotting agent contain the useful microbe flora raw material is carried out the fermentation reactor system processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed; This quick rotting agent is a pulvis; Mainly form by actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus, hundred million units/gram of effective active bacterial content 0.5-1, wherein actinomycetes account for 40-60%; The quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg; Fermentation time 30-50 days.
5. according to the said a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said thermophilic fermentation adds the EM preparation that contains the useful microbe flora raw material is carried out fermentation reactor system processings of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and its consumption is every 100m3 raw material adding EM stoste 1-2kg.
6. according to the said a kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the water cut 45-50% of said matrix, granularity is less than 0.49cm, and pH is 5.5-7.5.
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| CN2011103023567A CN102503654A (en) | 2011-09-27 | 2011-09-27 | Seedling raising substrate for mechanically-transplanting rice |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102936174A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-02-20 | 湖南农业大学 | Coconut shell powder-based rice transplanting matrix for rice transplanter |
| CN103766200A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2014-05-07 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Matrix special for roof greening |
| CN103787794A (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2014-05-14 | 镇江兴农有机肥有限公司 | Rice seedling raising seed covering soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN103787795A (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2014-05-14 | 镇江兴农有机肥有限公司 | Rice seedling raising seed covering soil |
| CN103804039A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-21 | 金坛市作物栽培技术指导站 | Mechanical transplanted rice seedling raising substrate and production method thereof |
| CN104909909A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-16 | 遵义师范学院 | Organic ecological substrate for rice industrialized seedling production and preparation method of organic ecological substrate |
| CN105110886A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-02 | 长江大学 | Paddy rice sprout cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN105218267A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2016-01-06 | 南宁三达奥克化学有限责任公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN106718458A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-05-31 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of method that water-raised seedling is carried out using cake fertilizer |
| CN108094121A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 南京军辉生物科技有限公司 | A kind of seedling raising ground substance based on tunnel fermentation and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103766200A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2014-05-07 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Matrix special for roof greening |
| CN102936174A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-02-20 | 湖南农业大学 | Coconut shell powder-based rice transplanting matrix for rice transplanter |
| CN102936174B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-02-12 | 湖南农业大学 | Coconut shell powder-based rice transplanting matrix for rice transplanter |
| CN103787794A (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2014-05-14 | 镇江兴农有机肥有限公司 | Rice seedling raising seed covering soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN103787795A (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2014-05-14 | 镇江兴农有机肥有限公司 | Rice seedling raising seed covering soil |
| CN103804039A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-21 | 金坛市作物栽培技术指导站 | Mechanical transplanted rice seedling raising substrate and production method thereof |
| CN103804039B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-11-04 | 金坛市作物栽培技术指导站 | A kind of machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance and production method thereof |
| CN104909909A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-16 | 遵义师范学院 | Organic ecological substrate for rice industrialized seedling production and preparation method of organic ecological substrate |
| CN105110886A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-12-02 | 长江大学 | Paddy rice sprout cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN105218267A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2016-01-06 | 南宁三达奥克化学有限责任公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN106718458A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-05-31 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of method that water-raised seedling is carried out using cake fertilizer |
| CN108094121A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 南京军辉生物科技有限公司 | A kind of seedling raising ground substance based on tunnel fermentation and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120620 |