CN106565357B - Method for preparing machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking rice straw fermentation product as raw material - Google Patents
Method for preparing machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking rice straw fermentation product as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix by taking rice straw fermentation materials as raw materials, wherein rice straw waste is taken as a raw material, the raw material is fermented for 40-60 days by various beneficial microorganisms, and the obtained microbial organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite, peat, a water-retaining agent and biocontrol bacteria are prepared into the rice seedling raising matrix in proportion, so that the matrix is small in volume weight and convenient to carry; the water-retaining property is good, the irrigation frequency is reduced, and the water consumption is saved; the nutrient substances are rich, and no additional fertilizer is needed in the whole seedling raising period; the seedlings are orderly taken out and the root activity coefficient is high; the cost is low, and the compatibility with the machine plugging technology is strong; not only can reduce the using amount of the rice field soil, but also can avoid the risk of environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of the rice straws.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rice seedling raising and agricultural waste utilization, and particularly relates to a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate taking rice straw leavening as a raw material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of social economy, rural labor force transfer and rural labor force aging, mechanized rice production technology mainly based on mechanical rice transplanting is urgently needed. The mechanical rice transplanting machine has the advantages of reducing labor intensity, saving a rice seedling bed, saving manpower, realizing high and stable yield, saving cost, improving efficiency and the like, and has important significance for developing large-scale rice, promoting labor force transfer, improving labor productivity and land productivity, stably developing grain production and promoting modern agricultural development in China. The cultivation of a matrix suitable for the growth of machine-transplanted seedlings is the key of the development of the machine-transplanted seedling technology. The mechanical transplanting seedling raising matrix mainly takes the mud of a rice field and the soil of a dry land as main materials, and the seedling raising by adopting the nutrient soil has the advantage of low cost, but the soil taking strength is high, the labor for raising seedlings and lifting seedlings is more, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, the process is complex and the standardized and normalized operation is not easy to realize; soil is taken from the same seedling bed for a long time, the structure of a topsoil layer can be damaged, and soil weathering is caused; in addition, the nutrient soil has high density, the weight of the seedling raising tray can be increased, the load of the operating machinery is high, the abrasion is fast, and the popularization of the machine-transplanted rice seedlings is limited.
In order to overcome the defects of nutrient soil seedling raising, currently, more researches are carried out on nutrient soil substitute materials, wherein the materials comprise wormcast, rice straw, vinegar residue, needle mushroom and the like. Patent CN201510826235.0 discloses a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix using decomposed rice straw as a raw material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing decomposed rice straw powder prepared from rice straw added with a straw decomposing agent with rice field soil to obtain a rice seedling raising matrix, wherein the matrix consists of 66.67% of rice straw powder and 33.33% of rice field soil in volume ratio, but the problems of large amount of nutrient soil, large operation mechanical load and quick abrasion are still not solved by doping a large amount of rice field soil in the seedling raising matrix; patent CN200910029966.7 discloses a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix and a production method thereof, wherein organic wastes such as straws and the like are used as raw materials, and the rice seedling raising matrix is prepared by a fertilizer slow release agent, an adhesive and a water-retaining agent through fermentation of various beneficial microorganisms; the patents CN201110095150.1, cn201310756272.x, CN201610246156.7 and zhao qingsong, etc. respectively study the mechanized seedling raising technology of rice seedling raising substrate using vinegar residue, needle mushroom, industrial waste, etc. as raw materials, but still have the problems of complex technology, high cost, poor water retention, light weight, easy swing and difficult mechanical transplanting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for preparing a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking a rice straw fermentation product as a raw material. According to the invention, rice straw waste is used as a raw material, and is fermented for 40-60 days by multiple beneficial microorganisms, so that the obtained microbial organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite, peat, a water-retaining agent and biocontrol bacteria are prepared into a rice seedling raising matrix in proportion, and the matrix has small volume weight and is convenient to carry; the water-retaining property is good, the irrigation frequency is reduced, and the water consumption is saved; the nutrient substances are rich, and no additional fertilizer is needed in the whole seedling raising period; the seedlings are orderly taken out and the root activity coefficient is high; the cost is low, and the compatibility with the machine plugging technology is strong; not only can reduce the using amount of the rice field soil, but also can avoid the risk of environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of the rice straws.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) rice straw fermentation: collecting rice straws and fresh pig manure as raw materials for preparing an organic fertilizer, performing static aerobic high-temperature composting, inoculating aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria, and performing aerobic high-temperature fermentation for 40-60 days;
(2) preparing an organic fertilizer: when the temperature of the fermented products of the rice straws and the pig manure is reduced to the environmental temperature, and the color is brown and odorless, spreading the stacks, airing, drying, crushing and sieving for later use;
(3) activation of biocontrol bacteria: performing expanded culture on biocontrol bacteria in a potato glucose liquid culture medium, inoculating the biocontrol bacteria into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls to culture for a week, and granulating by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use; wherein the biocontrol bacterium is phomopsis;
(4) preparing a rice seedling raising substrate: taking the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (2) as a main material of the rice seedling raising matrix, adding perlite, vermiculite, plant ash, a water-retaining agent and the activated biocontrol bacteria activated in the step (3), and uniformly mixing to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix; wherein the volume ratio of the raw materials is as follows: 2-5 parts of organic fertilizer, 3-5 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of vermiculite, 1-2 parts of plant ash, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent and 0.5 part of biocontrol bacteria.
Wherein, the raw material rice straw in the step (1) is dried and then crushed into dry crushed material with the length of 3-5 cm and the C/N of 39, and the pig manure is fresh pig manure with the water content of 50-80% and the C/N of 17.3.
Preferably, static aerobic high-temperature composting is carried out in a cement ground greenhouse, the stack height is 1.5-2.0 m, the diameter is 2-3 m, 500-2000 kg of rice straws are contained, 300-1000 kg of pig manure is used for adjusting the C/N to be 25-30, the water content is 60-70%, one or more composite liquid bactericides are inoculated, the number of viable bacteria per gram of bactericides is 20-200 hundred million, the inoculation proportion is 0.1-1% of the stack weight, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out for 40-60 days, the compost is turned over once every 2 days before 30 days of composting, a proper amount of water is added so as to maintain sufficient water content, and the compost is turned over once every week in the later period of composting so as to uniformly mix materials;
wherein the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria is any one of trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis; or a composite microbial inoculum consisting of any two microbial inoculants of trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis; or liquid mixed bacteria prepared by mixing six bacteria of saccharomyces cerevisiae, trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, acinetobacter, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis.
The inoculation proportion of the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria is 0.1-1% of the weight of the stack; preferably 1%.
Selecting HQ285146 as the biocontrol bacterium in the step (2); activating Phomopsis HQ285146 on a potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 4 days, culturing the potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 3 days to prepare a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 10% to culture the seed solution at 28 ℃ for one week, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice hulls is 6:3:1, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.2, and preparing the biocontrol microbial inoculum with the particle size of 3-5 mm by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use.
In the step (3), the preferable rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of perlite, 2 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of plant ash, 0.5 part of water-retaining agent and 0.5 part of biocontrol bacteria.
The optimal particle size of perlite used as the raw material of the rice seedling raising matrix is 3-5 mm, the optimal particle size of vermiculite is 3-5 mm, and the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm.
The invention also aims to provide the rice seedling raising substrate prepared by the method.
The substrate prepared by the method has high nutrient content and good water retention; and the volume weight is small, the carrying is convenient, and the rice transplanter is suitable for machine transplanting rice.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the rice seedling raising substrate in rice seedling raising.
The invention provides a specific seedling raising application method, which is characterized in that a seedling raising substrate is placed in a hard plastic seedling raising tray (58cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 3cm), the thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 2.5cm, the millet which is well subjected to germination acceleration is uniformly sowed, the thickness of the seedling raising substrate is 0.5cm, and the sowing amount is 1 plant/hole. Each seedling raising area adopts a dry seedling raising mode to raise seedlings, namely, the seedlings are burnt thoroughly before sowing, the seedlings are kept moist before emergence, and the water is not added before the matrix is whitened after emergence of the seedlings. No fertilizer is used in the growth period of the seedling of 60 days, and the growth and development of the seeds completely depend on the substrate to provide nutrition. The seedlings are orderly taken out and the root activity coefficient is high.
The invention takes the decomposed rice straw as the main component of the rice seedling raising matrix, and the prepared rice seedling raising matrix has small volume weight and is convenient to carry; the water-retaining property is good, the irrigation frequency is reduced, and the water consumption is saved; the nutrient substances are rich, and no additional fertilizer is needed in the whole seedling raising period; the seedlings cultivated by the rice seedling raising substrate have regular seedling emergence and high root activity coefficient.
The method for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate has low cost and strong compatibility with a mechanical transplanting technology. On the premise of meeting the normal growth of the rice seedlings, the use amount of the nutrient soil can be reduced, the production cost is reduced, the economic benefit is increased, and meanwhile, the risk of environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of the rice straws can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of rice seedling raising substrate preparation by rice straw;
FIG. 2 shows the growth of seedlings in different organic fertilizer rice seedling raising substrates of example 1;
(a) is paddy field soil, (b) is trichoderma viride, (c) is aspergillus niger;
FIG. 3 shows the growth of rice seedlings in different organic fertilizers as rice seedling raising media in example 2;
(a) bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (b) Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger, and (c) Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding by those skilled in the art.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces), Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride), Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), Acinetobacter sp, Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis Berlinier) used in the examples were all purchased from the China center for culture Collection, Saccharomyces cerevisiae No. bio-68045, Aspergillus niger No. bio-68022, Trichoderma viride No. bio-66770, Bacillus subtilis No. bio-75402, Acinetobacter bio-77730, and Bacillus thuringiensis bio-62253. The preparation method of biocontrol bacterium Phomopsis HQ285146 is specifically disclosed in patent CN 105921510A.
Example 1: rice seedling raising matrix prepared by single microbial inoculum fermentation and biocontrol bacteria
As shown in fig. 1, the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting a mixture of rice straws and fresh pig manure with a beneficial microbial agent, the organic fertilizer is used as a main material, and auxiliary materials and an activated solid biocontrol microbial agent are added to prepare a rice seedling raising matrix, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the microbial inoculum: trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride), Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) are aerobic fermentation beneficial bacteria. Culturing Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger in potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm at 28 deg.C for 5 days; culturing Bacillus subtilis with beef extract peptone liquid culture medium at 37 deg.C at 180 rpm for 2 days;
(2) straw fermentation: static aerobic high-temperature composting is carried out on cement ground of a greenhouse, a fermentation microbial inoculum is inoculated into 1000kg of dry rice straws with the length of 3-5 cm, the inoculum size is 0.1% of the weight of the stack, fresh pig manure with the water content of 80% is used for adjusting the C/N of the composting material to be 27, the water content is adjusted to be 70%, four microbial inoculum treatment groups are arranged in total, the four microbial inoculum treatment groups are respectively a non-microbial inoculum group, a Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride), an Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) and a bacillus subtilis (bacillus subtilis) group, the compost is piled into a stack with the height of 1.5m and the diameter of 2m, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out for 60 days, the stack is turned once every 2 days before composting, a proper amount of water is added so as to keep sufficient water content, the stack is turned once every week in the later period of composting, and the materials are mixed uniformly. When the temperature of the fermented products of the rice straws and the pig manure is reduced to the environmental temperature, the color is brown and odorless, the stacks are spread, aired, dried, crushed and sieved for later use, and the properties of the organic fertilizer are shown in table 1, so that sufficient nutrients and a supporting space can be provided for the growth of rice seedlings.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of organic fertilizers
Note: values are mean ± error.
(3) Activation of biocontrol bacteria: activating Phomopsis HQ285146 on a potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 4 days, culturing for 3 days by using a potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm and 28 ℃ to prepare a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 10% to perform standing culture at 28 ℃ for one week, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice hulls is 6:3:1, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.2, and preparing a solid biocontrol microbial inoculum with the particle size of 3-5 mm by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use. The activated biocontrol bacterium phomopsis HQ285146 contains 100 hundred million live bacteria per gram of microbial inoculum.
(4) Preparing a seedling raising substrate: the organic fertilizer is used as a main material of the rice seedling raising matrix, and the organic fertilizer, the perlite, the vermiculite, the plant ash, the water-retaining agent and the biocontrol bacteria are prepared into the rice seedling raising matrix according to the volume ratio of 2:3:3:1:1:0.5, and the basic physicochemical properties are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 physicochemical Properties of Rice seedling raising Medium
Note: k represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, L represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a trichoderma viride microbial inoculum, H represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, and the numerical value is the average value +/-error.
The pH of different substrates is between 6.42 and 6.74, the pH basically meets the requirement of an ideal substrate on the pH value of 5.5 to 7.0, the water content of the different substrates is about 40 percent, the porosity is 50 to 68.5 percent, the volume weight is 0.59 to 0.79, and the conductivity is 2.12 to 3.075 mS/cm. In terms of the physicochemical property of the matrix, the matrix prepared by the rice straw fermented by the microbial inoculum is more suitable for rice seedling raising than rice field soil.
TABLE 3 Nutrition index of rice seedling raising medium
Note: k represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, L represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by a trichoderma viride microbial inoculum, H represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by an organic fertilizer fermented by an aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, and the numerical value is the average value +/-error.
Except that the organic matter content of the paddy soil matrix is 8.08 percent, the organic matter content of other raw materials exceeds 25 percent, and the nutrient content of the matrix prepared by the rice straws fermented by the microbial inoculum is obviously higher than that of the paddy soil matrix at about 60 percent.
Rice seedling raising: placing seedling raising matrix with thickness of 2.5cm in a hard plastic seedling raising tray (58cm × 28cm × 3cm), uniformly sowing the germinated millet, covering the seedling raising matrix with thickness of 0.5cm, and sowing the seedlings at a rate of 1 plant/hole. Each seedling raising area adopts a dry seedling raising mode to raise seedlings, namely, the seedlings are burnt thoroughly before sowing, the seedlings are kept moist before emergence, and the water is not added before the matrix is whitened after emergence of the seedlings. No fertilizer is used in the growth period of the seedling of 60 days, and the growth and development of the seeds completely depend on the substrate to provide nutrition. The emergence was checked every other day. Measuring the chlorophyll content, the dry and fresh weight of the overground part and the dry and fresh weight of the root in the late stage of the seedling; the root activity and rooting ability of each treatment are evaluated, the mechanical ability of the roots is evaluated, the comprehensive seedling raising effect of each treatment is evaluated, the quality of the rice seedlings is shown in a table 4, and the growth conditions are shown in figures 2 a-c. The fresh weight of the whole seedlings, the chlorophyll content and the root activity of the seedlings in the seedling raising matrix prepared by the organic fertilizer are all obviously higher than those of the seedlings in the soil of the rice field, so that the effect of taking cellulose waste as a matrix raw material after decomposition is better than that of the soil of the rice field, the feasibility of the organic fertilizer as the seedling raising matrix of the rice is demonstrated to a certain extent, and the nutrient requirement of the seedlings on the matrix can be ensured.
TABLE 4 quality of rice seedlings
Example 2: rice seedling raising matrix prepared from two-component composite microbial inoculum and biocontrol bacteria
In the following steps, unless otherwise specified, the same procedures as in example 1 were carried out.
(1) Preparation of the microbial inoculum: culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger in potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm at 28 deg.C for 5 days; the Bacillus subtilis is cultured in beef extract peptone liquid medium at 180 rpm and 37 ℃ for 2 days.
(2) Straw fermentation: the method comprises the following steps of three microbial inoculum treatment groups, namely a bacillus subtilis group, a saccharomyces cerevisiae group, a trichoderma viride group, an aspergillus niger group and a saccharomyces cerevisiae group, wherein the inoculum sizes of the microbial inoculations are 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0% of the stack mass in sequence, the fermentation is carried out according to the method described in the embodiment 1, when the temperature of the fermented products of the rice straws and the pig manure is reduced to the ambient temperature and the color is brown and odorless, the stack is spread out, aired and dried, then crushed and sieved for later use, and the properties of the organic fertilizer are shown in the table 5, so that sufficient nutrients and a supporting space can be provided for the growth.
TABLE 5 physicochemical Properties of organic fertilizers
Note: NK represents an organic fertilizer fermented by adding saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis, HL represents an organic fertilizer fermented by adding trichoderma viride and aspergillus niger, HN represents an organic fertilizer fermented by adding aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the numerical value is the average value +/-error.
(3) Activation of biocontrol bacteria: activating Phomopsis HQ285146 on a potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 4 days, culturing for 3 days by using a potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm and 28 ℃ to prepare a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 10% to perform standing culture at 28 ℃ for one week, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice hulls is 6:3:1, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.2, and preparing a solid biocontrol microbial inoculum with the particle size of 3-5 mm by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use. The activated biocontrol bacterium phomopsis HQ285146 contains 100 hundred million live bacteria per gram of microbial inoculum.
(4) Preparing a seedling raising substrate: the organic fertilizer is used as a main material of the rice seedling raising matrix, and the perlite, the vermiculite, the plant ash and the water-retaining agent are respectively prepared into the rice seedling raising matrix according to the volume ratio of 3:5:4:2:0.5:0.5, 5:4:5:1.5:0.6:0.5 and 3:3:2:1:0.5:0.5, wherein the basic physicochemical properties are shown in tables 6 and 7.
TABLE 6 physicochemical Properties of Rice seedling raising Medium
In terms of the physicochemical property of the matrix, the matrix prepared by the rice straw fermented by the microbial inoculum is more suitable for rice seedling raising than rice field soil.
TABLE 7 Nutrition index of rice seedling raising medium
Note: NL represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by adding an organic fertilizer fermented by saccharomyces cerevisiae and trichoderma viride, HL represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by adding an organic fertilizer fermented by aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride, HN represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by adding an organic fertilizer fermented by bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the numerical value is the average value +/-error.
Except that the organic matter content of the paddy soil matrix is 8.08 percent, the organic matter content of other raw materials is 57.4 to 62.6 percent, and the nutrient content of the matrix prepared by the rice straws fermented by the microbial inoculum is obviously higher than that of the paddy soil matrix.
Rice seedling raising: the quality of seedlings obtained by raising rice seedlings in the same manner as in example 1 is shown in Table 8 and the growth conditions are shown in FIGS. 2 a-c. The fresh weight of the whole seedlings, the chlorophyll content and the root activity of the seedlings in the seedling raising matrix prepared by the organic fertilizer are all obviously higher than those of the seedlings in the soil of the rice field, so that the effect of taking cellulose waste as a matrix raw material after decomposition is better than that of the soil of the rice field, the feasibility of the organic fertilizer as the seedling raising matrix of the rice is demonstrated to a certain extent, and the nutrient requirement of the seedlings on the matrix can be ensured.
TABLE 8 quality of rice seedlings
Note: NL represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by adding an organic fertilizer fermented by saccharomyces cerevisiae and trichoderma viride, HL represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by adding an organic fertilizer fermented by aspergillus niger and trichoderma viride, HN represents a seedling raising substrate prepared by adding an organic fertilizer fermented by bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the numerical value is the average value +/-error.
Example 3: rice seedling raising matrix prepared by fermenting rice straws with six-component composite microbial inoculum
(1) Preparation of the microbial inoculum: two microbial inoculum processing groups are arranged in total, one group is a processing group without microbial inoculum inoculation, and the other group is a processing group with liquid fermentation microbial inoculum inoculation; the preparation and inoculation method of the liquid fermentation inoculum comprises the following steps: saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger are respectively cultured in a potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 r/min and 28 ℃ for 5 days, and Acinetobacter, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis are respectively cultured in a beef extract peptone liquid culture medium at 180 r/min and 37 ℃ for 2 days. Centrifuging the six bacterial solutions at 5000 r/min, removing the supernatant, washing the bacterial cells with phosphate buffer solution with pH 7 for 3 times, suspending the bacterial cells with 1L of phosphate buffer solution, adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae: and (3) trichoderma viride: aspergillus niger: acinetobacter: b, bacillus subtilis: bacillus thuringiensis ═ 1:1: 1:1: 1:1, mixing the six bacterial liquids to obtain the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacterial agent;
(2) fermenting rice straws: static aerobic high-temperature composting is carried out in a cement ground greenhouse, the height of a pile is 2m, the diameter of the pile is 3m, 2000kg of rice straws are used, 1000kg of fresh pig manure is used for adjusting the C/N to 28, water is added for adjusting the water content to 60-70%, beneficial microbial agents are inoculated, the inoculation proportion is 1% of the weight of the pile, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out for 50 days, the pile is turned over once every 2 days before 30 days of composting, and a proper amount of water is added so as to maintain sufficient water content, the pile is turned over once every week in the later period of composting so as to uniformly mix materials, when the temperature of fermented materials of the rice straws and the pig manure is reduced to room temperature and the color is brown and odorless, the pile is spread, aired;
compared with the two treatment groups, the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting potassium and the quick-acting phosphorus in the organic fertilizer inoculated with the liquid fermentation inoculant are respectively improved by 45%, 55% and 34%.
(3) Activation of biocontrol bacteria: activating Phomopsis HQ285146 on a potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 4 days, culturing for 3 days by using a potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm and 28 ℃ to prepare a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 10%, standing and culturing for one week at 28 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice hulls is 6:3:1, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.2, and preparing a solid biocontrol microbial inoculum with the particle size of 3-5 mm by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use; the activated biocontrol bacterium phomopsis HQ285146 contains 100 hundred million live bacteria per gram of microbial inoculum;
(4) preparing a seedling raising substrate: taking the organic fertilizer added with the beneficial microbial inoculum obtained in the step (2) as a main material of the rice seedling raising matrix, dividing the organic fertilizer into two treatment groups, and preparing the organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a water-retaining agent into the rice seedling raising matrix according to the proportion of 3 parts, 2 parts, 1 part and 0.5 part respectively without adding a biocontrol bacterium group; and (3) preparing the organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash, a water-retaining agent and the activated biocontrol bacteria in the step (3) into the rice seedling raising matrix according to the proportion of 3 parts, 2 parts, 1 part, 0.5 part and 0.5 part respectively.
Placing seedling raising matrix with thickness of 2.5cm in a hard plastic seedling raising tray (58cm × 28cm × 3cm), uniformly sowing the germinated millet, covering the seedling raising matrix with thickness of 0.5cm, and sowing the seedlings at a rate of 1 plant/hole. Each seedling raising area adopts a dry seedling raising mode to raise seedlings, namely, the seedlings are burnt thoroughly before sowing, the seedlings are kept moist before emergence, and the water is not added before the matrix is whitened after emergence of the seedlings. No fertilizer is used in the growth period of the seedling of 60 days, and the growth and development of the seeds are completely provided by the substrate. Compared with the rice field soil matrix, the rice seedling height in the matrix added with the biocontrol bacterium Phomopsis HQ285146 is increased by 41 percent, the root length is increased by 78 percent, the underground fresh weight is increased by 114 percent, the overground fresh weight is increased by 122 percent, the root activity is increased by 245 percent, the root absorption surface area is increased by 312 percent, and the chlorophyll content is increased by 561 percent.
Therefore, the straw decomposition process is accelerated by adding the straw decomposing agent, and theoretical basis and examples can be provided for harmless, commercialized and resource utilization of agricultural wastes and rapid production of seedling raising substrates by utilizing waste fiber resources.
The invention utilizes the straw-decomposing bacteria agent to ferment the straws, prepares the high-efficiency seedling raising matrix, discusses the influence of the decomposed straw seedling raising matrix on the quality of the mechanically-transplanted rice seedlings, and provides technical support for reasonably developing and utilizing seedling raising matrix resources. The method can promote and drive the industrial development of the rice straw seedling raising matrix, and can generate obvious economic and social benefits.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing a machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix by taking rice straw fermentation products as raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of the microbial inoculum: the preparation and inoculation method of the liquid fermentation inoculum comprises the following steps: respectively culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger in potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm and 28 deg.C for 5 days, and respectively culturing Acinetobacter, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis in beef extract peptone liquid culture medium at 180 rpm and 37 deg.C for 2 days; centrifuging the six bacterial solutions at 5000 r/min, removing the supernatant, washing the bacterial cells with phosphate buffer solution with pH 7 for 3 times, suspending the bacterial cells with 1L of phosphate buffer solution, adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae: and (3) trichoderma viride: aspergillus niger: acinetobacter: b, bacillus subtilis: bacillus thuringiensis = 1:1: 1:1: 1:1, mixing the six bacterial liquids to obtain the aerobic fermentation beneficial bacterial agent;
(2) fermenting rice straws: static aerobic high-temperature composting is carried out in a cement ground greenhouse, the height of a pile is 2m, the diameter is 3m, 2000kg of rice straws are stacked, 1000kg of fresh pig manure is used for adjusting the C/N to 28, water is added for adjusting the water content to 60-70%, beneficial microbial agents are inoculated, the inoculation proportion is 1% of the weight of the stack, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out for 50 days, the pile is turned over once every 2 days before composting and 30 days, water is added so as to maintain sufficient water content, the pile is turned over once every week in the later period of composting so as to uniformly mix materials, when the temperature of the fermented materials of the rice straws and the pig manure is reduced to room temperature, and the color is brown and odorless, the stack is spread out, aired, dried;
(3) activation of biocontrol bacteria: activating Phomopsis HQ285146 on a potato glucose inclined plane at 28 ℃ for 4 days, culturing for 3 days by using a potato glucose liquid culture medium at 180 rpm and 28 ℃ to prepare a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a mixture of bran, bran and rice hulls according to the mass ratio of 10%, standing and culturing for one week at 28 ℃, wherein the mass ratio of the bran, the bran and the rice hulls is 6:3:1, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.2, and preparing a solid biocontrol microbial inoculum with the particle size of 3-5 mm by using a granulator after freeze drying for later use; the activated biocontrol bacterium phomopsis HQ285146 contains 100 hundred million live bacteria per gram of microbial inoculum;
(4) preparing a seedling raising substrate: taking the organic fertilizer added with the beneficial microbial inoculum obtained in the step (2) as a main material of the rice seedling raising matrix, and preparing the organic fertilizer, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash, a water-retaining agent and the activated biocontrol bacteria activated in the step (3) into the rice seedling raising matrix according to the proportion of 3 parts, 2 parts, 1 part, 0.5 part and 0.5 part respectively.
2. A rice seedling raising substrate produced by the method of claim 1.
3. The use of the rice seedling raising substrate of claim 2 in rice seedling raising.
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| CN107641016A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-01-30 | 孙贵成 | A kind of quick method for preparing raising rice seedlings substrate |
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| CN108863462A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-23 | 安徽瑞驰兰德生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of using stalk as biological organic fertilizer of raw material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109479431A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-19 | 孙建国 | A kind of northeast rice seedling raising soil and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114586621A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-07 | 龙门县顺喜来生态农业发展有限公司 | Planting method for improving rice quality |
| CN116941501B (en) * | 2023-08-26 | 2024-01-23 | 湖北农康生物科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising matrix based on pig manure ferment and production method thereof |
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